工艺参数对直流反应磁控溅射ZnO:Al薄膜沉积速率的影响

实验以合金靶材在玻璃衬底上运用直流反应磁控溅射法制备了ZAO(ZnO:Al)透明导电薄膜样品.研究了O2气流量,衬底温度,以及反应气压和溅射功率等工艺参数对ZAO薄膜沉积速率的影响规律.结果表明:沉积速率随O2气流量的增加显著降低,靶面溅射模式由金属模式转变为氧化物模式,而且这种转变趋势在改变其他参数时依然明显;沉积速率随溅射功率的增大几乎成线性增加,但随衬底温度的变化并不大;在反应气压增大的情况下,沉积速率不断上升,达到最大值后,又随气压的增大不断下降.     

SmCo薄膜磁控溅射沉积速率的影响因素

SmCo薄膜的厚度是影响其磁性能的重要因素,而沉积速率是控制薄膜厚度的关键。采用直流磁控溅射工艺制备SmCo薄膜,设计正交实验并通过数理统计方法研究了溅射工艺参数中溅射功率、靶基距及氩气压强对SmCo薄膜沉积速率的影响,并同时考察了不同厚度SmCo薄膜的磁性能变化规律。研究结果表明:溅射功率与靶基距都对薄膜的沉积速率有较大的影响,其中在溅射功率为40~120W范围内时,随着溅射功率的增大SmCo薄膜的沉积速率逐渐提高;在靶基距为50~70mm的范围内,SmCo薄膜的沉积速率随靶基距的增大而逐渐降低;而在氩气压强处于0.7~1.5Pa范围内时,SmCo薄膜的沉积速率几乎不随氩气压强的改变而变化。在溅射功率为80W、靶基距为60mm及氩气压强为1.1Pa的工艺条件下,SmCo薄膜的沉积速率具有很好的稳定性。随膜厚从0.59μm增加到0.90μm,SmCo薄膜的矫顽力由23.4kA/m降低到8.2kA/m。     

磁控反应溅射制备氧化锡膜的工艺研究

介绍了磁控反应溅射制备氧化锡薄膜时，反应气体氧流量对放电参数、薄膜沉积速率及沉积膜性能的影响。指出随氧流量的不同，放电分别处于金属溅射、过渡溅射和氧化物溅射三种不同的模式。三种模式下的放电电压及沉积速率均有较大差别，相应的沉积膜依次具有金属相、金属及氧化物混合相和氧化物相三种不同属性。     

磁控溅射法制备CdS多晶薄膜工艺研究

采用磁控法制备了CdS薄膜,研究工艺参数对样品沉积质量、沉积速率及晶体结构的影响。实验发现,在不同衬底上制备CdS薄膜时需要采取不同的后续工艺措施以获得较好的沉积质量。同时,制备样品的沉积速率随衬底类型、衬底温度、溅射功率及溅射气压的变化而变化。讨论并给出了工艺参数对上述实验结果的影响机制。X射线衍射谱显示,制备样品是六方和立方两种晶型的混合,沿(002)和(111)晶面择优取向生长。随溅射功率的增大和衬底温度的升高,两种晶型互相竞争生长并分别略微占优势。当溅射功率增大到200 W,衬底温度升高到200℃时,占优势晶型消失,薄膜择优取向特性变得更好。此外,随着溅射气压的增大,样品结晶质量下降,在0.5 Pa时呈现明显非晶化现象。     

直流溅射工艺参数对Mo薄膜结构及电性能的影响

采用直流磁控溅射法在SLG衬底上沉积Mo薄膜,对不同溅射功率和溅射工作气压下沉积的薄膜进行X射线衍射、SEM(扫描电子显微镜)、电阻率测试,讨论了工艺参数对沉积Mo薄膜相结构、表面微观形貌、薄膜沉积速率和电学性能的影响。结果表明,随着溅射功率的增加,薄膜的结晶性能变好,沉积速率提高,在沉积功率范围内薄膜均匀致密,表面无空隙,电阻率较低;随着溅射工作气压增加,薄膜结晶性能变差,沉积速率先增加后降低,在沉积工作气压范围内,薄膜致密;随气压降低,电阻率急剧减小。因此,较高的溅射功率和较低的工作气压沉积的Mo薄膜更适合作CIGS薄膜太阳电池的BC层(背接触层)。     

直流磁控溅射制备铝薄膜的工艺研究

采用直流磁控溅射方法，以高纯Al为靶材，高纯Ar为溅射气体，在玻璃衬底上成功地制备了铝薄膜，并对铝膜的沉积速率、结构和表面形貌进行了研究。结果表明：A1膜的沉积速率随着溅射功率的增大先几乎呈线性增大而后缓慢增大；随着溅射气压的增加，沉积速率先增大，在一定气压时达到峰值后继续随气压的增大而减小。X射线衍射图谱表明Al膜结构为多晶态；用扫描电子显微镜对薄膜进行表面形貌的观察，溅射功率为2600W，溅射气压为0．4Pa时制备的Al膜较均匀致密。     

负偏压功率对溅射沉积钛、铜薄膜电阻的影响北大核心CSCD

为了研究负偏压功率对直流溅射沉积铜、钛两种金属薄膜电阻率的影响,在采用相同的工艺条件溅射沉积两种金属薄膜的同时分别加上0、50、150 W的负偏压功率,发现随着偏压功率由0增加到150 W,制备的钛薄膜厚度下降了25%,电阻率下降到原来的18%,而对于铜薄膜随着偏压功率由0增加150 W,厚度下降了5%,电阻率却增加到原来的4倍。用原子力显微镜和X射线衍射仪器分析了不同负偏压功率下制备的两种金属薄膜的表面粗糙度和两种金属薄膜的结晶情况,并用Fuchs-Sondheimer理论和Mayadas-Shatzkes理论解释偏压功率引起两种金属电阻变化的原因。这为教学实验、真空镀膜工艺和集成电路生产领域沉积不同结构及电阻的金属薄膜提供参考。     

负偏压功率对溅射沉积钛、铜薄膜电阻的影响

为了研究负偏压功率对直流溅射沉积铜、钛两种金属薄膜电阻率的影响,在采用相同的工艺条件溅射沉积两种金属薄膜的同时分别加上0、50、150 W的负偏压功率,发现随着偏压功率由0增加到150 W,制备的钛薄膜厚度下降了25%,电阻率下降到原来的18%,而对于铜薄膜随着偏压功率由0增加150 W,厚度下降了5%,电阻率却增加到原来的4倍。用原子力显微镜和X射线衍射仪器分析了不同负偏压功率下制备的两种金属薄膜的表面粗糙度和两种金属薄膜的结晶情况,并用Fuchs-Sondheimer理论和Mayadas-Shatzkes理论解释偏压功率引起两种金属电阻变化的原因。这为教学实验、真空镀膜工艺和集成电路生产领域沉积不同结构及电阻的金属薄膜提供参考。     

磁控反应溅射制备氧化锡膜的工艺研究

介绍了磁控反应溅射制备氧化锡膜时，反应气体氧流量对放电参数、薄膜沉积率及沉积膜性能的影响，指出随氧流量的不同，放电分别处于金属溅射，过渡溅射和氧化物溅射三种不同的模式。三咱模式下的放电电压及沉积速率均有较大差别，相应的沉积膜依次具有金属相、金属及氧化物混合相和氧化物相三种不同属性。     

不同沉积工艺下Au/P-CdZnTe接触界面的研究

采用超声波扫描(SAM)、俄歇电子能谱分析技术(AES)、电极粘附力测试和I-V特性测试等方法研究了化学沉积、溅射和真空蒸发三种不同沉积工艺条件下Au/p-CdZnTe接触界面的各种特性.通过实验结果可以看出,化学法沉积的Au电极能形成较好的欧姆接触特性,但其操作工艺不容易控制,电极接触层均匀性较差,在器件使用过程中,容易引起电极的退化;溅射沉积的Au电极有着较好的附着力,但对CdZnTe表面的损伤较大,欧姆接触特性较差;真空蒸发法沉积的Au电极,有着较好的欧姆接触特性,且其电极接触层也较为均匀,只是电极附着力相对较小,但可以通过合适的退火工艺进行改善.     

Optical properties of plastic scintillators coated with copper, aluminum and silver by magnetron sputtering

Copper, aluminum, and silver thin films are fabricated on plastic scintillators by magnetron sputtering to improve the optical properties. The film morphology is measured by contact mode atomic force microscopy. The optical properties are determined by UV/visible spectrophotometry as well as a single-particle microbeam with proton energy of 2 MeV. Our theoretical analysis suggests a 10.28% increase in the collection efficiency compared to the uncoated plastic scintillator. The improvement in the optical properties is investigated experimentally and the Monte Carlo program SRIM 2008 is employed to investigate the influence of the metal film thickness on the ion stopping and scattering in the materials. Our study suggests that deposition of thin reflecting Cu, Al, and Ag films improves the energy and space resolution of scintillator-based particle spectrometers.     

Effect of Ar pressure on grain size of magnetron sputter-deposited Cu thin films

Copper (Cu) thin films with thicknesses ranging from 300 to 425 nm were prepared at various argon (Ar) pressures on p-type silicon substrates by direct current magnetron sputtering deposition. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Karl Suss four-point probe were employed to study the film crystallinity and conductivity, respectively, as a function of Ar pressure in the deposition process. Detailed analysis on the XRD patterns shows that low Ar pressure enhances the Cu film crystallinity with larger grain size, which was deduced using Scherrer's formula. The behaviour of the electrical property of the Cu films complies with the trend of the grain size with Ar pressure, in which the film conductivity decreases with increasing Ar pressure. The authors attribute these phenomena to the degraded surface diffusion mechanism of the adatom on the growing surface, with increasing Ar pressure during the sputtering deposition process     

Structure and electrical properties of ITO thin films deposited at high rate by facing target sputtering

High rate deposition of ITO thin films at a low substrate temperature was attempted by using a facing target sputtering (FTS) system. Deposition rate as high as 53 nm/min was realized on polycarbonate film substrate of 80-μm thickness. When the film was deposited at a deposition rate above 80 nm/min, polycarbonate film substrate was thermally damaged. The film deposited by FTS has much smaller compressive film stress than the film deposited by conventional magnetron sputtering. The film stress was reduced significantly by increasing the sputtering gas pressure and stress-free films can be obtained by adjusting the sputtering gas pressure. This may be mainly caused by the fact that bombardment by high energy negative oxygen ions to substrate surface during deposition can be completely suppressed in the FTS. Film structure and electrical properties changed little with substrate position, and uniform films were obtained by the FTS.     

Deposition and heat treatment of CuAlNi shape memory thin films

CuAlNi thin films were fabricated by magnetron sputtering process. After heat treatment, the thin films presented a shape memory effect. Calowear method was used to measure the thickness of the thin films. SEM, XRD and TEM were used to characterize the thin films. The phase transformation in the thin films was examined by DSC. The deposition rate increased with increasing sputtering power and decreased with increasing Ar pressure. Compared to the composition of the target, both the content of Al and the content of Ni increased a little. The sputtering conditions had little influence on the content of Ni. The content of Al varied slightly with sputtering power, while decreased with increasing Ar pressure. The deposited thin films were columnar. The grain size was very fine. The phases were α‐Cu and α₂. After heat treatment at 800 ^oC/ 60 min + 300 ^oC/ 60 min in vacuum, CuAlNi shape memory thin films were obtained. The phase in the heat‐treated thin films was β₁’ martensite. Martensite transformation was observed and a two‐way shape memory effect could be shown.     

Growth of CZTS thin films by sulfurization of sputtered single-layered Cu–Zn–Sn metallic precursors from an alloy target

Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) thin films were prepared by sulfurizing single-layered metallic Cu–Zn–Sn precursors which were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering using a Cu–Zn–Sn ternary alloy target. The composition, microstructure and properties of the CZTS thin films prepared under different sputtering pressure and DC power were investigated. The results showed that the sputtering rate of Cu atom increases as the sputtering pressure and DC power increased. The microstructure of CZTS thin films can be optimized by sputtering pressure and DC power. The CZTS thin film prepared under 1 Pa and 30 W showed a pure Kesterite phase and a dense micro-structure. The direct optical band gap of this CZTS thin film was calculated as 1.49 eV with a high optical absorption coefficient over 10⁴ cm^?1. The Hall measurement showed the film is a p-type semiconductor with a resistivity of 1.06 Ω cm, a carrier concentration of 7.904 × 10¹⁷ cm^?3 and a mobility of 7.47 cm² Vs^?1.     

射频磁控反应溅射制备Al2O3薄膜的工艺研究

采用射频磁控反应溅射法,以高纯Al为靶材,高纯O2为反应气体,在不锈钢和单晶Si基片上成功地制备了氧化铝(Al2O3)薄膜,并对氧化铝薄膜的沉积速率、结构和表面形貌进行了研究.结果表明,沉积速率随着射频功率的增大先几乎呈线性增大而后缓慢增大;随着溅射气压的增加,沉积速率先增大,在一定气压时达到峰值后继续随气压增大而减小,同时随着靶基距的增大而减小;随着氧气流量的不断增加,靶面溅射的物质从金属态过渡到氧化物态,沉积速率也随之不断降低.X射线衍射图谱表明薄膜结构为非晶态;用原子力显微镜对薄膜表面形貌观察,薄膜微结构为柱状.     

From uniform Cu thin films to 〈1 1 0〉 and 〈1 1 1〉 columns

This paper reports the transition phenomenon from uniform Cu thin films to 〈1 1 0〉 and 〈1 1 1〉 columns. Using magnetron sputtering technique, we deposit a series of Cu films on an SiO₂/Si(1 1 1) substrate. Characterizations using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveal the morphology, the crystal orientation and the internal strain of the Cu films and columns. The Cu films are always uniform and 〈1 1 1〉 textured during the early stage of deposition. For higher sputtering power and shorter target-substrate distance, the 〈1 1 1〉 uniform film yields to columns as deposition continues. This transition correlates with the internal strain in the uniform film. At moderate strain, the columns are of 〈1 1 0〉 orientation and they nucleate at the grain boundaries of the uniform film. At even higher strain, the columns are of 〈1 1 1〉 orientation and they form by the breakup of grains in the uniform film. Based on the strain characterization and the column formation mechanism, we suggest that strain energy is the driving force of the transitions from uniform films to columns.     

氢气与Cu中间层对GZO薄膜光电性能的影响

采用磁控溅射方法, 在H₂/Ar混合气氛下制备了GZO薄膜和在Ar气氛下制备了GZO/Cu/GZO多层结构薄膜, 分别研究了H2流量和Cu层厚度对薄膜透明导电性能的影响。在此基础上, 在H₂/Ar混合气氛下制备了GZO/Cu/GZO多层结构薄膜, 对Cu层厚度对其性能的影响进行了研究。结果表明, 沉积气氛中引入H₂能有效降低GZO薄膜的电阻率而提高其透光率, 在H₂流量为20 sccm时GZO薄膜具有最佳性能。随着Cu厚度的增加, GZO/Cu/GZO多层结构薄膜的电阻率和平均透过率显著下降。在H₂/Ar混合气氛下制备的氢化GZO/Cu/GZO多层结构薄膜的电阻率普遍低于Ar气氛下制备的GZO/Cu/GZO多层结构薄膜, 但其透光率却随Cu层厚度的增加而显著降低。另外, 薄膜的禁带宽度随H₂流量的增加而增加, 随Cu层厚度的增加而减小。     

Electrical,morphological and structural properties of RF magnetron sputtered Mo thin films for application in thin film photovoltaic solar cells

Molybdenum (Mo) thin films were deposited using radio frequency magnetron sputtering, for application as a metal back contact material in “substrate configuration” thin film solar cells. The variations of the electrical, morphological, and structural properties of the deposited films with sputtering pressure, sputtering power and post-deposition annealing were determined. The electrical conductivity of the Mo films was found to increase with decreasing sputtering pressure and increasing sputtering power. X-ray diffraction data showed that all the films had a (110) preferred orientation that became less pronounced at higher sputtering power while being relatively insensitive to process pressure. The lattice stress within the films changed from tensile to compressive with increasing sputtering power and the tensile stress increased with increasing sputtering pressure. The surface morphology of the films changed from pyramids to cigar-shaped grains for a sputtering power between 100 and 200 W, remaining largely unchanged at higher power. These grains were also observed to decrease in size with increasing sputtering pressure. Annealing the films was found to affect the resistivity and stress of the films. The resistivity increased due to the presence of residual oxygen and the stress changed from tensile to compressive. The annealing step was not found to affect the crystallisation and grain growth of the Mo films.