定向纳米碳管微观结构的观察和生长机制探讨

SiO2表面溅射铁膜后用CVD法制备了定向纳米碳管。用扫描电镜、透射电镜和高分辨透射电镜对顶部催化剂及包裹于管内的催化剂、纳米碳管的结构和所形成的竹节状形貌进行了观察。以液态生长纳米碳管为基础提出了一种纳米碳管生长机制。     

纳米碳管/氧化锌异质结构的合成及发光性质

以纳米碳管（CNTs）为基体、铜为催化剂,采用催化碳热还原方法直接合成出具有异质结构的纳米碳管/氧化锌（CNT/ZnO）复合材料。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜及X射线衍射等手段研究了异质结构CNT/ZnO复合材料的形态和结构。发现氧化锌纳米线在纳米碳管表面的生长过程遵循催化剂诱导的汽-液-固（VLS）机制;氧化锌纳米线与铜催化剂和纳米碳管之间分别存在明显的界面,并且氧化锌纳米线与纳米碳管均保持了规整的晶体结构。同时也发现在大直径纳米碳管上易于形成高密的氧化锌纳米线;随沉积温度的升高ZnO的形态由线到棒最后形成颗粒。异质结构CNT/ZnO复合材料的诱导发光性能不同于氧化锌纳米线和纳米碳管,在蓝光区域的发光强度远大于紫外发光强度。     

纳米碳管储氢机理的电化学研究

对流动催化剂法制备的平均直径为6nm的多壁纲米碳管（Multi-walled carbon nanotubes,MWNTs)进行纯化处理，提纯后的多壁纳米碳管利用透射电镜（TEM）表征和电化学储氢研究。同时对该纳米碳管电极进行了自放电实验。结果表明：多壁纳米碳管具有奶高的电化学储氢容量（739mAh/g），但氢与多壁纳米碳管之间的作用力很微弱，氢很容易从多壁纳米碳管中逃逸出。另外，通过对多壁纳米碳管的气相储氢性能的测试，根据实验结果推测；纳米碳管电化学储氢和气相储氢的主要吸附机理相同，即都是物理吸附。     

纳米碳管强化水合物导热的研究

实验研究了不同温度（258．15K～270．15K）、不同纳米碳管含量（0．1wt％～10wt％）以及有无分散剂十二烷基硫酸钠（Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate，SDS）情况下四氢呋喃（Tetrahydrafuran，THF）水合物的导热系数。结果表明：THF水合物的导热系数随纳米碳管含量的增加而显著增加，纳米碳管的加入并没有改变THF水合物导热系数随温度的玻璃体变化特性。在纳米碳管质量分数一定时，随着温度的升高，THF水合物导热系数增大的速率越来越快。对于含纳米碳管的THF水合物，不加分散剂时的导热系数比加分散剂的导热系数低，但高于纯THF水合物的导热系数。     

介孔材料对纳米碳管制备及结构的影响

本文报道了制备含Fe的硅介孔材料以及利用该介孔材料生长纳米碳管的工艺条件.利用化学气相沉积法,以含有Fe的介孔材料为催化剂,在800%条件下催化分解乙炔气体制备纳米碳管,同时利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及透射电子显微镜（TEM）对制备的纳米碳管的形貌及结构进行观察表征.实验结果表明该介孔材料可以在一定程度上控制纳米碳管的结构及形貌,得到直径均一、笔直开口的纳米碳管.     

化学气相沉积法快速生长定向纳米碳管

利用化学气相沉积法，采用二甲苯为碳源，二茂铁为催化剂，氮气作保护气，在石英基底上催化裂解生长定向纳米碳管，试验结果表明：在775℃，120min的条件下，可生长出长达200μm厚的定向纳米碳管薄膜；在775℃，反应时间为60min～120min时，纳米碳管的长度为100μm～200μm，而纳米碳管的直径变化不明显。而无氢气，较高的反应温度和连续的催化剂供给对快速生长定向纳米碳管有重要的影响。     

硫促进剂对单壁纳米碳管生成的影响

研究了有机物催化热解法中硫生长促进剂对单壁纳米碳管生成的影响，结果表明，含硫生长促进剂能促进单壁纳米碳管的生成，提高产率，并改变其直径数值的分布；促进剂的添加量大，纳米碳管的直径也大。     

镁钼氧化物催化剂制备多壁纳米碳管的初步研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了可用来催化裂解甲烷大量制备高质量和较高纯度的多壁纳米碳管的镁钼氧化物催化剂. 实验表明该催化剂具有较高的活性和催化效率, 反应2h后, 制备的多壁纳米碳管的量接近原始催化剂量的30倍. 并用透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜、激光拉曼和热重分析对制得的粗产品进行了表征, 结果表明: 碳管的直径在10～22nm之间, 且随着反应时间的延长, 制备的纳米碳管石墨化程度增加, 反应1h后, 粗产品中碳管含量达95%, 同时, 对催化剂的特殊催化生长机理作了讨论, 生长过程中多层Mo颗粒析出在MgO载体表面是碳管成束的主要原因.     

纳米碳管用于锂离子电池负极材料的研究

采用氧化法提纯了煤焦化工业副产品中的纳米碳管,采用X射线衍射法对纳米碳管的结构进行了研究,透射电镜研究了纳米碳管的形貌。提纯的纳米碳管d002为0.3496nm,具有类似石墨的结构和较高的石墨化度。研究了纳米碳管的电化学性能,其首次放电比容量达584.3mAh/g;添加石墨粉组成了20％的纳米碳管和80％的石墨粉的体系作为锂离子电池负极材料,其首次放电比容量为490.1mAh/g,并有较好的循环性能。     

纳米碳管及其合成

阐述了纳米碳管的结构，包括纳米碳管石墨层堆垛形式，帽状结构以及表征纳米碳管结构的直径和螺旋性，并对纳米碳管的三种主要合成方法及其合成原理，影响因素进行了简单的分析。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from