温度对ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂前驱体及产物的影响规律研究

以硫酸锌、硝酸银为原料，碳酸氢氨为沉淀剂制备出高纯度ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂。重点研究了合成温度及煅烧温度对前驱体微观形貌及最终产物的结构、成份、形貌的影响规律。用TEM、XRD、TG-DTG对前驱体和ZnO／Ag纳米复合抗菌剂进行了表征，结果表明：随着合成温度的升高，前驱体产物的形态由线棒状逐渐变为球团状，并且由非晶态逐渐转化为晶态；450℃煅烧所得复合粉体由六方纤锌矿纳米ZnO和立方结构纳米Ag组成，粒径集中在15nm左右，粒子大小均匀，分散性良好；经权威机构检测本抗菌剂抗菌性能优异。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备YAG的若干影响因素

采用溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）法，以柠檬酸为络合剂，利用硝酸盐制备出了YAG粉体。实验合成了Y2O3占35％-40％（摩尔分数）的YAG粉体，利用热重，差热分析（TG／DTG）、X射线衍射（XRD）、傅立叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、透射电镜（TEM）等手段对YAG前驱体及煅烧物粉体进行了表征。结果表明，通过提高对前驱体的煅烧温度，延长煅烧时间等方法，在900℃下煅烧不同配比的YAG前驱体，均制得了纯相的YAG粉体，表明在以往YAG的合成中易出现的中间相，并不只是组分的不均匀性造成的，还与煅烧温度和煅烧时间有关。     

共沉淀法制备Ce掺杂的Gd_3(Al,Ga)_5O_(12)粉体（英文）

通过在含有钆、镓、铝离子的硝酸混合溶液中滴加氨水,共沉淀生成Ce掺杂的Gd_3(Al,Ga)_5O_(12)(GAGG)前驱体,并采用TG/DTA对GAGG前驱体进行表征。分别在800℃、850℃、900℃、1000℃、1100℃及1200℃对GAGG前驱体进行煅烧处理,采用XRD对GAGG粉体的物相进行表征,结果显示制备出纯相的GAGG粉体。采用SEM对GAGG粉体的颗粒大小以及微观形貌进行观察。GAGG粉体的荧光谱图显示在560 nm处有一个很强的发射峰。在900℃煅烧处理的GAGG粉体所烧结的陶瓷具有最高的透明度。     

微乳液-共沸蒸馏法制备钛酸钡纳米粉体

以水/正辛烷/正己醇/司班80油包水体系中的微乳液滴为纳米反应器,通过微乳液滴中增溶的醋酸钡和油相中草酸酰化的钛酸四丁脂反应生成钛酸钡前驱体,并通过共沸蒸馏去除前驱体中的水分,以减小煅烧过程纳米钛酸钡粉体的团聚.实验结果表明,此方法制备的前驱体只需在550℃煅烧就可以生成钛酸钡晶粒,只需在600℃煅烧10min就可以得到粒径只有40nm左右的高纯立方钛酸钡纳米粉体,而且粉体具有粒度分布窄、形貌规则、优越的钛钡摩尔比、低团聚等优点.     

纳米LaAlO3粉体的制备与烧结

对共沉淀法制备纳米LaAlO3粉体及烧结进行了初步研究．采用La(NO3)3与Al(NO3)3为原料，控制pH=9左右，在室温下完成共沉淀，前驱体经800℃／2h的条件下煅烧后可获得纳米LaAlO3粉体，粉体颗粒约50nm．无压烧结的结果表明，这种纳米LaAl03粉体的烧结性能较好，通过选择适当的条件，在1500℃下烧结可获得密度达6．2g／cm^3的LaAlO3材料．     

高温水解溶剂热法合成纳米TiO_2及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体，在丙酮、吡啶和乙醇的混合溶剂中，采用高温水解溶剂热法合成了纳米TiO2粉体。XRD和TEM分析结果表明，纳米TiO2的平均晶粒尺寸约为llnm，分散性好，是纯单相锐钛矿型。经不同温度煅烧处理后可知，当煅烧温度低于等于800℃时，该纳米Ti02都能保持单一的锐钛矿相，具有高的热稳定性；当煅烧温度低于等...     

凝胶燃烧法合成Nd：YAG纳米陶瓷粉体

凝胶燃烧法具有合成温度低、所得粉体分散性好等优点。以金属硝酸盐为原料,采用凝胶燃烧法合成出多晶Nd：YAG陶瓷粉体。对四种不同的燃烧助剂（尿素、氨基乙酸、乙二醇、柠檬酸）制备的粉体的形貌和分散状况进行了比较,并对其原因进行了分析。借助于TG—DTA、XRD、SEM等表征手段,重点对筛选出的柠檬酸作为燃烧助剂时所得粉体的相组成和微观结构进行了研究。结果表明：前驱体在850℃煅烧2h直接生成Nd：YAG,平均粒径约为40nm,煅烧过程中没有其它中间相生成。随着煅烧温度的升高,粉体平均粒径逐渐变大,1000℃时煅烧所得粉体的平均粒径约为60nm。     

煅烧条件对共沉淀法合成ZnZr_4(PO_4)_6粉体影响的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了磷酸锆锌(α-ZnZr_4(PO_4))粉体,探讨了磷酸锆锌粉体合成机理,研究了煅烧温度、保温时间等煅烧条件对粉体合成的影响,并用TG-DTA、FT-IR、XRD、TEM等方法进行表征。实验表明前驱体在900～950℃煅烧2h可以获得平均粒径200nm、结晶完全的α-ZnZr4(PO4)6粉体,采用此粉体制备的陶瓷材料1200℃时热膨胀系数为-2.0×10-6℃-1。     

低温固相反应法合成片状六铝酸镧

以九水合硝酸铝、六水合硝酸镧为原料,柠檬酸为络合剂,采用低温固相反应法制备出六铝酸镧前驱体,再通过煅烧的方式合成了六铝酸镧粉体。利用FTIR和TG-DSC分析了前驱体的组成和热分解过程,采用XRD、SEM和TEM分析了合成粉体的物相组成和形貌。结果表明:经1 300℃煅烧后,六铝酸镧开始形成;随着煅烧温度的升高,六铝酸镧晶体形貌逐渐发育成规则的六方片状;经1 500℃煅烧后可获得纯相的六铝酸镧粉体;在1 600℃时合成的六铝酸镧粉体粒径呈双峰分布,平均粒径为7.25μm。     

以碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂制备纳米钇铝石榴石粉体

以碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,硝酸盐为原料,采用沉淀法,通过仔细控制沉淀过程的工艺参数,得到了煅烧后可直接生成纯相YAG的前驱体沉淀物,前驱体经过900℃煅烧即可获得纳米YAG粉体.BET,TEM和XRD的测试结果表明纳米YAG粉体的晶粒尺寸为67～175nm,晶粒形态为球形,分散性良好.粉体达到完全致密化的最低烧结温度为1450℃.所获得的粉体经过1700℃真空烧结3h,烧结体具有一定的透明度.研究表明,这种纳米YAG粉体所具有的良好烧结活性与粉体的纳米晶粒尺寸,球形晶粒形态及极佳的分散性有关.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from