TiB2/Al复合材料熔体的粘滞性

通过对TiB:颗粒增强铝基复合材料熔体粘度的系统测量和分析,研究了TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料熔体的粘度随温度变化的规律和熔体结构的变化.结果表明TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料熔体的粘度随温度的变化呈明显的不连续性,根据粘度的变化可以将熔体状态分为高温区、中温区和低温区,各温区间存在粘度突变温度点.在低温区和中温区之间可能存在着由TiB2引起的熔体结构的变化.     

一种测定非晶形成合金熔体粘度的方法

提供了一种测定非晶形成合金熔体粘度的方法,用覆盖渣保护合金不受氧化,应用旋转柱体法测得了Zr50Cu50合金熔体的粘度-温度曲线。测量结果表明:在1373～1233K温度范围内,随着温度的下降,Zr50Cu50合金熔体粘度呈指数增加,基本符合Arrhenius公式。但在1233K以下,明显不符合Arrhenius公式,粘度值骤然上升,至液相线温度粘度值达到了2.415Pa.s;Zr50Cu50合金熔体粘度比其他合金熔体粘度要高3个数量级;分析认为,合金熔体粘度大有利于非晶形成能力的提高。     

Fe-14Cr-Mn合金在不同温度熔融共晶NaCl-MgCl_2中腐蚀行为及机理研究（英文）

熔融共晶NaCl-MgCl_2作为太阳能中高温相变储热介质,运行状态下其温度常在熔点附近波动。但不同温度下该熔融盐对金属容器材料腐蚀行为不清楚。以Fe-14Cr-Mn合金为例,采用浸盐法研究了718、768和818 K共晶熔融NaCl-MgCl_2对该合金的腐蚀行为,探讨了腐蚀机理。结果表明:腐蚀速率随温度增加略微增加,3种温度下试样腐蚀动力学曲线服从线性规律(斜率k≈–4.806×10~(-4))。腐蚀初期,试样表面形成泡状腐蚀产物,腐蚀80 h后形成腐蚀坑洞,主要是Fe、Fe-Cr和MgO,也检测到含微量Fe和Ni的Mg-Fe-Ni的氧化物。腐蚀机理主要是MgCl_2吸潮后以H2O形式引入的氧原子和溶解在熔融盐中的微量氧作为阴极去极化剂,合金元素Cr和Mn与Cl-反应生成氯化物,氯化物吸附水分子,形成具有低熔点的含水氯化物(如CrCl3·6(H_2O)和MnCl_2·n(H_2O))逃逸腐蚀体系。另外,在熔盐表面形成了由MgCl_2·(H2O)6,NaCl和MgO组成的盐壳,而在熔融盐内部,NaCl与NaMgCl_3共存。本研究为研发耐熔融NaCl-MgCl_2腐蚀的新合金奠定了基础。     

TiB2／Al复合材料熔体的表观粘度

采用旋转柱体法研究了TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料熔体的表观粘度随温度的变化.结果表明,由于温度升高和转子的搅拌,陶瓷颗粒的分布变得均匀,熔体粘度在750～780 ℃时产生第一次不连续变化;之后颗粒沉降开始,熔体粘度在780～830 ℃温度段内开始逐渐增大.     

镁铝合金熔体粘度测量及模型分析

通过高温粘度计对镁铝合金在液相线以上不同温度的粘度进行测量。结果表明,镁铝合金熔体的粘度随着温度的升高而降低,且符合Arrhenius公式。通过热力学通用几何模型对Eyring模型进行修正,得到一种新的预报二元镁铝合金熔体粘度的数学模型,并用测得的Mg-Al合金熔体粘度进行验证,预报的粘度数据和实验结果吻合较好。     

MgCl2-NaCl-KCl-CaCl2熔盐体系电导率估算与测定

本文建立了半理论半经验的电导率估算模型,并利用MgCl2-NaCl-KCl-CaCl2熔盐体系测定的电导率值与模型计算值进行了比较,结果表明混合模型可以很好的估算MgCl2-NaCl-KCl-CaCl2熔盐体系的电导率。本文还采用四因子二次回归正交设计研究了MgCl2-NaCl-KCl-CaCl2熔盐体系的电导率,用数理统计分析法得到了电导率随体系组分含量变化而变化的二元二次方程。实验结果表明,体系电导率随NaCl含量和温度增加而增大,随KCl、MgCl2、CaCl2含量增加而减小。     

TiC，TiB2／铝熔体界面过渡区的研究

研究了TiC，TiB2两种钛化物在纯铝熔体中的行为及其对熔体粘度的影响规律。720℃时的测量数据表明，以Al-5Ti-1B和Al-3Ti-0．15C形式加入微量TiB2或TiC的铝熔体，其粘度增加30％左右；分析了熔体粘度突变的原因，并提出了钛化物／铝熔体界面过渡区的假设。上述熔体经一段时间的保温后，出现了随熔体温度降低而粘度降低的异常变化，从钛化物／铝熔体界面过渡区的形成和整体的沉淀得到了合理的解释。固态条件下钛化物粒子周围存在Ti浓度的梯度分布也间接证实了熔体条件下钛化物／铝熔体界面过渡区的存在。     

ZrOCl_2-Al体系熔体反应生成Al_3Zr_((p)),Al_2O_(3(p))/Al复合材料的反应机制

利用X射线衍射仪 (XRD)和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM ) ,对ZrOCl2 Al体系熔体反应生成的复合材料组织进行了分析 ,结果表明 :ZrOCl2 Al体系反应生成相为Al3 Zr和α Al2 O3 ,颗粒尺寸为 0 .2～ 5 μm ,形状以多面体为主 ;随反应起始温度升高 ,生成的颗粒体积分数增大 ,熔体温度也升高 ,但当熔体温度高于 12 0 0℃时 ,Al3 Zr出现聚集、长大。提出了ZrOCl2 Al体系的反应是气液反应和固液反应的复合过程 ,建立了ZrOCl2 /Al反应中的控制环节ZrO2 /Al反应的动力学模型及化学反应速率的关系式。     

泡沫铝二次发泡工艺用先驱体中TiH2发泡剂的分散性

研究二次发泡泡沫铝工艺用熔体路径发泡先驱体中TiH2的分散性,包括熔体粘度测量、工艺参数对发泡剂分散性影响等。结果表明,610℃是ZLD104合金熔体粘度变化的转折点,低于610℃熔体粘度随温度的变化较大,高于610℃熔体粘度随温度的变化较小;随分散温度、搅拌速度、分散时间的提高,发泡剂分散均匀性提高,但在3 000 r/min,分散30 s的条件下,发泡剂的团聚现象仍然存在;在粘度-温度非敏感区分散发泡剂,并采用挤压使发泡先驱体致密化,以及采用3 000 r/min以上的搅拌速度分散发泡剂,可提高熔体路径发泡先驱体发泡剂均匀性。     

还原氧化钽和氧化铌制备电容器用粉末的方法评述

评述了氧化铌、氧化钽的两步镁还原、镁蒸气还原、在CaCl2-NaCl熔融盐里钙还原和在CaCl2-NaCl熔融盐里钠还原的方法。两步镁还原氧化铌、氧化钽的工艺路线长。采用镁蒸气还原能够得到性能好的钽粉,但是还原时间长,还原装置复杂,希望能找到一种有效的设备。用CaCl2-NaCl熔融盐里钙还原氧化铌、氧化钽,还原温度高,得到的金属粉末比表面积小,工艺不够成熟。在CaCl2-KCl-NaCl熔盐里金属Na还原Ta2O5、Nb2O5,反应时间短,还原温度范围广,能够得到高纯度高比表面积的钽、铌粉末。     

Application of annexation principle to the study of thermodynamic properties of ternary molten salts CaCl_2-MgC_2-NaCl

Based on the practical basis of measured activities and phase diagrams as well as in the light of the mass action law, the model of inseparable cations and anions of molten salts and mattes, and the annexation principle of two kinds of solutions in binary melts, the calculating model of mass action concentrations of molten salts CaCl_2-MgCl_2-NaCl was formulated. The results of calculation not only agree with experimental values, but also obey the mass action law, testifying that the model formulated can embody the structural characteristics of these ternary salts, and that the model of inseparable cations and anions as well as the annexation principle of two kinds of solutions in binary melts are also appficable to these ternary salts.     

PHASE DIAGRAM OF TERNARY SYSTEM PrCl_2-CaCl_2-MgCl_2

Three surfaces corresponding to the primary crystallization of PrCl_3,CaCl_2 andMgCl_2 respectively,3 univariant curves related to the secondary crystallization and a ternaryeutectic(44.8 wt-% PrCl_3,31.8 wt-% CaCl_2,546℃)were found in systemPrCl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2 by means of DTA.A reaction occurs in this system:L=PrCl_3+CaCl_2+MgCl_2.     

LiF－CaF_2，NaF－CaF_2和KF－CaF_2系熔体热力学参量及相图的计算

本文将ＤＣＡ模型应用于ＬｉＦ－ＣａＦ２，ＮａＦ－ＣａＦ２和ＫＦ－ＣａＦ２熔体，并假设在这些熔体中存在络合离子．利用已有的上述混合熔体量热和熔盐相图的实验数据估计了熔体模型中的参数，并计算了熔体的混合热力学参量及相图．计算结果与实验结果吻合较好．     

RECl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2 TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAMS(RE:La,Ce,Pr,Nd)

Nine sub-binary phase diagrams of the RECl_3-CaCl_2,RECl_3-MgCl_2 and CaCl_2-MgCl_2 systems,andthermodynamic data for these systems are critically assessed and optimized.Using Hillert model and takingMgCl_2 as an asymmetric component,the ternary phase diagrams or the RECl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2 systems are predtcted.As well,the determination of asymmetric component in the asymmetric model is investigated.     

CALCULATION OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES AND PHASE DIAGRAM OF TERNARY MOLTEN SALT SYSTEM NaCl-CaCl_2-SrCl_2 BY USE OF COMPUTOR

本文利用 CaCl-SrCl_2相图中,固相有一个溶解间断区(miscibility gap)的信息,用亚正规溶液模型计算了该二元系液相和固相的 Gibbs 自由能.运用 Toop方程的变通式即最近 Hillert.M.提出的新的非对称方法,由组成 NaCl-CaCl_2-SrCl_2三元系的二元系热力学性质预示了该三元系液相的 Gibbs 自由能,进而用计算机计算了三元液相中各组元的偏克分子 Gibbs 自由能和活度系数.由三元液相中组元 NaCl,CaCl_2和 SrCl_2的过剩偏克分子 Gibbs 自由能,根据相平衡原理,用计算机计算了该三元系的相图.计算结果对于钠电解的实践和盐湖资源的综合利用有实际意义.亚正规溶液模型和新的非对称方法可望适合于计算一系列有潜在重要性的电荷不对称熔盐体系的相图.如对 Na,Ti,Mg,Ce 电解及熔融氯化脱水制取无水氯化镁有实际意义的 NaCl-CaCl_2-BaCl_2,NaCl-SrCl_2-BaCl_2,NaCl-CaCl_2-MgCl_2,KCl-CaCl_2-MgCl_2,KCl-NaCl-CeCl_3等三元相图.     

Estimation models for molten slag and alloy viscosities

Viscosities of molten metals and slags play vital roles in many high-temperature phenomena that are important for advancing process control and product quality in molten-metal processing and casting. Because measuring viscosities of high-temperature melts is expensive, the need exists for reliable viscosity estimation methods based on the temperature and composition of the melt. This paper reviews some available models for alloys and slags, and examples are shown for melts of interest to both ferrous and non-ferrous processing     

氯化镁熔盐的分子动力学模拟

根据包括离子间极化作用势在内的离子间势对氯化镁熔盐做了分子动力学模拟．计算出的偏径向分布函数与中子衍射结果大致符合．计算结果表明，熔体中存在微观分布不均匀的缝隙，Ｍｇ２＋周围的Ｃｌ－离子数分布在２与６之间．熔盐含有和离子．     

TiO2电极中O2-的形成及迁移过程研究

采用融盐电解法,在900℃熔盐CaCl2中以烧结TiO2为阴极,石墨棒为阳极制备金属钛。研究O2-在TiO2电极中的形成及其迁移过程。结果表明:实验高温促使TiO2结构中氧空位的形成及O2-产生;O2-通过氧空位从阴极内部迁移到表面,钛酸钙是电解过程的必然中间产物,阴极表面生成的致密金属层钛阻碍O2-从阴极内部往表面的迁移。     

Factors Influencing the Direct Electrochemical Reduction of Nb_2O_5 Pellets to Nb Metal in Molten Chloride Salts

Powder compacted and sintered Nb_2O_5 pellets were cathodically polarised against graphite anode in calcium chloride melt at 1173 K to study the influence of various factors on the electrochemical reduction of the oxide.The parameters were;duration and temperature of electrolysis,open porosity of pellets,nature of anode,mode of electrolysis and configuration of the oxide cathode.The experiments were also conducted in KC1,KC1-25 mol%CaCl_2 and NaCl melts to understand the effect of melt composition on the electroreduction.Different Ca-Nb-O and Nb-O intermediates were found in the pellets electrolysed for different durations of time in CaCl_2 melt which eventually reduced to Nb.The current efficiency of the process decreased with increasing duration of electrolysis.Decrease in electrolysis temperature from 1173 to 1073 K led to the decrease in the rate of reduction of the oxide pellets.Pellets with high open porosity reduced faster.Carbon contamination of the melt was relatively less when pyrolytic graphite was used as anode.Of all the melts studied,the reduction was found to be better in calcium chloride melt,that too when alumina crucible was used as container of the melt.     

Spectrophotometric determination of platinum after solid-liquid extraction with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol at 90°C

An effective spectrophotometric determination of platinum with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN) using molten naphthalene as a diluent was studied. A green complex of platinum with PAN is formed at 90°C. In the range of pH 2.5-6.5,the complex is quantitatively extracted into molten naphthalene. The organic phase is anhydrously dissolved in CHC13 to be determined spectrophotometrically at 690 nm against the reagent blank. Beer's law is obeyed over the concentration range tively. The optimum conditions for determination are obtained. The interferences of various ions are observed in detail. The method has been applied to the determination of platinum in synthetic samples.