不同分子量聚丙烯酰胺类絮凝剂对混凝土性能的影响研究

研究了不同分子量阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺、非离子型聚丙烯酰胺及阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂在不同掺量条件下,对混凝土工作性能及强度性能的影响。试验结果表明：分子量为1200万的阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺对混凝土的工作性能影响相对较小,且对强度均无不利影响;分子量为1000万的非离子型聚丙烯酰胺和分子量为2000万的阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺对混凝土的工作性能影响相对较小,但达到一定掺量时,对强度有不利影响。     

不同类型絮凝剂絮凝效果及其对混凝土性能影响研究

研究了不同离子类型PAM絮凝剂絮凝效果的差异,以及加入净浆和混凝土中对其工作性能的影响。结果表明,分子量近似时,非离子型絮凝剂絮凝速率最快,阴离子型絮凝剂絮凝效果最好;絮凝剂的加入均使水泥净浆流动度减小;聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的加入会使混凝土和易性和强度略微下降,阴离子型絮凝剂对混凝土和易性影响最小,非离子型絮凝剂对混凝土强度影响最小。     

胶束增强超滤法在含镍废水中的研究

本文以阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,采用聚醚砜中空纤维超滤膜处理含镍废水,系统的研究了阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的浓度和泥合型表面活性剂(SDS+TRITONX-100)对含NI2+的电镀废液中NI2+的截留率影响,并将不加非离子型表面活性剂和加入非离子型表面活性剂的SDS对NI2+的截留率进行了比较。     

硅溶胶原位改性聚丙烯酸酯乳液的研究

采用甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）和丙烯酸丁酯（BA）为主要原料,以阴离子型乳化剂乙氧基化烷基醚硫酸铵（CO-436）和非离子型乳化剂壬基酚乙氧基化合物（CO-897）为混合乳化剂,通过原位乳液聚合的方法合成了硅溶胶-聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液。用γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷（KH-560）对纳米SiO2溶胶进行表面改性,以过硫酸铵（APS）为引发剂,引入丙烯酸（AA）和丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEA）等功能性单体,采用半连续加料法,通过原位乳液聚合的方法,合成硅溶胶-聚丙烯酸酯核-壳乳液。研究了聚合反应温度、引发剂、复合乳化剂用量及配比,单体与SiO2的质量比等因素对乳液聚合反应过程的影响。结果表明,第1阶段的种子乳液合成温度控制在75℃左右,第2阶段的核-壳乳液合成反应温度控制在85℃时较佳;乳化剂用量占单体质量的4．0％,m（阴离子乳化剂）：m（非离子乳化剂）=1：3时,体系乳化充分,单体转化率较高,凝胶较少;以纳米SiO2溶胶中的SiO2用量占单体质量的8％较好,制得硅溶胶-聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液固含量为40％,乳液的稳定性达到使用要求;引发剂的用量以占单体质量的0．4％～0．6％为宜,此时聚合反应较完全,单体转化率较高,聚合过程稳定。     

沥青路面粘层用乳化沥青的粘结性能

为分析重庆渝黔高速公路沥青路面粘层用乳化沥青粘结性能,室内制备了一系列粘层用乳化沥青及改性乳化沥青,测定了其技术性质,通过拉拔试验分析了其粘结性能,并检验了其试验路应用效果,结果表明:若乳化沥青贮存稳定,乳化剂种类对沥青粘结性能没有显著影响,但配方对改性乳化沥青粘结强度影响显著,且最优配方下其粘结强度随胶乳掺量增大而提高。     

EE-1型环氧乳液

由北京市建筑材料科学研究所研制成功的EE-1型环氧乳液是由低分子量环氧树脂用复合非离子型乳化剂进行乳化制备的水包油型乳液体系。该乳化工艺研究工作比较成熟,乳液性能良好,乳液粒径达到0.7—2微米,稳定性超过半年。     

环保型建筑胶粘剂的研制

NB-3新型复合型建筑胶粘剂是由淀粉、聚乙烯醇和丙烯酰胺3种材料经改性聚合工艺复合而成的环保型建筑胶粘剂.介绍该胶粘剂的原材料选用、配制程序和性能,以及影响胶粘剂性能的几种因素.包括聚乙烯醇用量对胶粘剂粘结强度的影响;淀粉用量对胶粘剂容器中状态和粘结强度的影响,丙烯酰胺用量对胶粘剂配制腻子的批涂性和干燥时间的影响,以及偶联剂对胶粘剂储存稳定性的影响等.     

玻璃纤维润滑剂的原料分析法

在玻璃纤维生产中,润滑剂的配制对纤维的质量与玻璃纱的成品率有很大影响。我们生产中所采用的润滑剂配方是一种属于非离子型或阴离子型乳化剂为主的油一水型乳化剂。在润滑剂的配方中,固色剂或固色粉的含量是决定润滑剂粘度的主要成分。石腊、凡士林、变压器油,则是组成油相的主要成分。石腊的含油分有高有低,如仍按照原来的比例,在冬季采用高融点的硬石腊,配成的乳剂容易发生凝固,因此在冬季宜用含油分多的低融点石腊,或者适当减少硬石腊的用量。凡士林内有些亦含有     

超薄石材复合板专用胶粘剂的应用研究

介绍了超薄石材复合板专用胶粘剂的组成及性能。在符合JC 887—2001《干挂石材幕墙用环氧胶粘剂》标准的基础上,还对超薄石材复合板胶粘剂与多类基材在不同环境下的粘结性能进行了应用研究,结果表明,该超薄石材复合板胶粘剂可安全地应用于各类超薄天然石材及陶瓷复合板、金属、木材、节能保温板等的复合粘结。     

环保型建筑胶粘剂的研制

NB-3新型复合型建筑胶粘剂是由淀粉、聚乙烯醇和丙烯酰胺三种材料经改性聚合工艺复合而成的环保型建筑胶粘剂.文章介绍该胶粘剂的原材料选用、配制程序和性能,以及影响胶胶粘剂性能的几种因素.例如,聚乙烯醇用量对胶粘剂粘结强度的影响;淀粉用量对胶粘荆容器中状态和粘结强度的影响;丙烯酰胺用量对胶粘荆配制腻子的批涂性和干燥时间的影响.以及偶联剂对胶粘剂储存稳定性的影响等.     

醋丙乳液的合成及其性能表征

采用种子乳液聚合法合成一种高性能醋酸乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸三元共聚乳液(简称醋丙乳液),探讨了聚合过程中乳化剂的配比及用量、单体的选择等因素对产品性能的影响,并对乳液的性能与结构进行分析和表征。研究结果表明,阴离子乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠和非离子乳化剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯(20)醚复配可以提高体系的稳定性,当阴/非离子质量比为1:1,总用量为3%时,乳液综合性能优异。此外,功能性单体甲基丙烯酸的引人可降低乳液的凝胶率并提高乳胶膜的性能。     

聚合物水泥防水涂料的研制及其成膜机理

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为原料,以非离子乳化剂和阴离子乳化剂的混合乳化剂为乳化体系,过硫酸铵为引发剂,引入甲基丙烯酸(MAA)功能性单体,通过采用种子乳液聚合工艺,控制聚合物乳液的玻璃化温度,制备出性能优良的丙烯酸酯乳液,确定适合聚合物水泥防水涂料的聚合物乳液的较佳配方。研究了液粉比对聚合物水泥防水涂料拉伸性能和低温柔性的影响。同时还探讨了聚合物水泥防水涂料的成膜机理。     

An evaluation procedure for flocculation of coal preparation plant tailings

In solid-liquid separation of coal preparation plant tailings by flocculation, in addition to the type and amount of flocculants, the composition of waste materials including clay minerals must be determined in order to devise an effective and economic sedimentation system. In this study, the characterization of organic and inorganic impurities was made with the help of mineralogical data and instrumental analysis techniques. The effects of polymer type (medium and low anionic, cationic and nonionic), polymer dosage and suspension pH on flocculation mechanism of tailings particles (-0.18 mm) in the Tun?bilek Coal Preparation Plant tailings of Tun?bilek (Turkey) were investigated. Medium anionic polymer accelerated the settling rate of particles. An optimum settling rate (300 mm/min) was reached at a dosage rate of 34.19 g/ton-solids (2.0 mg/l), 51.28 g/ton-solids (3.0 mg/l), 102.56 g/ton-solids (6.0 mg/l) and 119.66 g/ton-solids (7.0mg/l) for medium anionic, low charged anionic, nonionic and cationic polymers, respectively. The lowest turbidity values at low polymer dosages were obtained by the cationic polymer at around 25.64 g/ton-solids (1.5 mg/l) polymer dosages; however, the low anionic and nonionic polymers produced lower turbidity values at higher dosages (>25.64 g/ton-solids). At optimum dosages of the polymer, the settling rate decreased at low and high pHs indicating that the natural pH (pH 8.3) of the suspension is the most appropriate pH for the settling rate. On the other hand, the water clarity values at natural pHs were high for all of the polymers.     

核／壳型丙烯酸酯聚合物乳液胶粘剂的研制

采用新型的乳化剂和种子乳液聚合的方法合成了一种具有核 /壳结构的丙烯酸酯类聚合物乳液胶粘剂 ,讨论了功能性单体、核壳单体结构、乳化剂、引发剂以及聚合温度等因素对丙烯酸酯类聚合物乳液胶粘剂性能的影响。     

聚合物改性乳化沥青研究进展综述

聚合物改性乳化沥青可以用作混凝土桥面的防水粘结层。本文从聚合物改性剂和乳化剂的选择及制备工艺等方面,介绍了国内外聚合物改性乳化沥青的研究进展;指出开发新型的改性剂、乳化剂,优化配方,以满足沥青路面使用的要求,已成为当前公路建设的重大课题。     

Effect of surfactants on the spectrophotometric determination of phosphate by direct and extraction procedures

An investigation was carried out of the effects on phosphate analysis of up to 4000 ppm of pure cationic, anionic and nonionic detergents, two industrially prepared detergents and a soap, by both the ascorbic acid and stannous chloride direct methods and the isobutyl acetate extraction procedure. It was found that for the direct methods, the interference was very large for the cationic detergent but negligible for the biodegradable anionic (LAS-type) detergents. The simple and elegant ascorbic acid method is recommended to determine phosphate in most waters and wastewaters on a routine basis. For the extraction procedure, the level of cationic and nonionic detergents must not exceed 2 and 10 ppm respectively, but LAS-type detergents may be present to at least 1000 ppm. Compounds present in formulated detergents interfere badly, therefore the maximum limit of anionic detergent should be set at 8 ppm.     

Effect of surfactants on the determination of fluoride in waters

Eleven surfactants representing pure cationic anionic and nonionic detergents, four commercial detergents, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, a soap and nitrilotriacetic acid were investigated for their effect on the spectrophotometric and specific ion electrode determinations of fluoride in water. Cationic, anionic and nonionic detergents at concentrations up to 50, 400 and 1000 mg l⁻¹, respectively, gave 5% error or less in the determination of fluoride. Sodium tripolyphosphate interfered badly above 1.5 mg l⁻¹, and therefore the interference by formulated detergents containing tripolyphosphate was large. The fluoride ion activity electrode method is the most suitable procedure for the determination of fluoride in polluted waters containing surfactants.     

Biodegradability determinations via unspecific analyses (chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon) in coupled units of the OECD confirmatory test—II. Results

The coupled units test, described in detail in a previous paper, was applied to the biodegradability evaluation of compounds important to the detergent industry: some typical anionic and nonionic surfactants and mono- and polymeric organic phosphate substitutes. The results are compared with those obtained in other biological tests by other means.     

Effect of surfactants on the determination of aluminium in waters

Eleven surfactants representing pure cationic, anionic and nonionic detergents, four commercial detergents, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, a soap and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) were investigated for their effect on the determination of aluminium in water using the eriochrome cyanine R, ferron-orthophenanthroline and chrome azurol S methods. Cationic, anionic and nonionic detergents at concentrations up to 2, 100 and 1000 mg l⁻¹, respectively, did not interfere. Sodium tripolyphosphate interfered badly above 1.0 mg l⁻¹, and therefore the interference by formulated detergents containing tripolyphosphate was serious. Concentrations of NTA, soap and sodium pyrophosphate had to be below 0.5, 10 and 20 mg l⁻¹, respectively, to limit the error to 5%.     

Effect of surfactants on the spectrophotometric determination of silica

The effects of up to 2500 mg 1⁻¹ of pure cationic, anionic and nonionic detergents, industrially prepared detergents, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium pyrophosphate and a soap on the analysis of silica in water using the amino-naphthol-sulphonic acid, sodium sulphite and ascorbic acid methods were investigated. Interferences were very large for the cationic and nonionic detergents, but negligible for the biodegradable (LAS-type) detergents. The amino-naphthol-sulphonic acid method is recommended.