磺化聚醚砜质子交换膜的制备及性能研究

以浓硫酸为溶剂、氯磺酸为磺化剂对聚醚砜（PES）进行了磺化，采用氢核磁共振谱（^1H NMR）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）及热重分析（TGA）对磺化聚醚砜（SPES）进行了表征，证实PES得到了磺化。制备了一系列不同磺化度的SPES膜，测试了膜的接触角、含水率和电导率。试验结果表明，SPES具有良好的热稳定性；随着磺化度的增加，膜的亲水性能增加，膜的电导率增加。当SPES膜的磺化度达到37．0％（摩尔分数）时，SPES膜在室温下的电导率与商业化的Nafion 112膜的电导率相当。     

直接甲醇燃料电池用新型质子交换膜的研究

以聚醚醚酮(PEEK)为原料,浓硫酸为磺化剂制备了不同磺化度的磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)膜,以及磺化聚醚醚酮与聚乙烯醇(PVA)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、磷钨酸的复合膜.分别对膜的电导率、阻醇性能和吸水率进行了研究.随着SPEEK膜磺化度的增大,膜的电导率有所提高,然而甲醇渗透系数也增大,膜的机械强度明显降低.SPEEK膜的吸水率低于Nafion 115膜,而PVA膜的吸水率则过高.     

基团法估算磺化聚苯醚的溶解度参数

以氯磺酸为磺化剂制备了一系列不同磺化度的磺化聚苯醚（SPPO）。采用基团贡献法估算出了聚苯醚（PPO）及SPPO的溶解度参数值，随着磺化度的增加，溶解度参数逐渐增加，估算的结果与SPPO在不同溶剂中的溶解行为基本吻合。     

炭黑改性质子交换膜的制备及其性能研究

制备Nafion膜(M1)和添加炭黑的改性Nafion膜(M2),探索成膜的工艺条件,比较了膜改性前后含水率、溶胀度和阻挡OH-能力等性质,并将改性前后的Nafion膜应用于微生物燃料电池的质子交换膜,比较其产电性能。结果表明:适宜成膜温度为180℃、刮膜温度为40~50℃;与Nafion膜相比,加炭黑0.5%的Nafion膜的含水率增加、溶胀度降低、阻碍OH-能力增强;电池性能试验表明采用炭黑改性质子交换膜的电池内阻减小11%、功率密度增加15%,对应电池的产电性能优于不加炭黑的Nafion膜。     

聚丙烯腈/磺化聚苯醚质子交换膜的制备和性能

采用溶液共混浇铸法制备了一系列的聚丙烯腈/磺化聚苯醚(PAN/SPPO)共混质子交换膜.结果表明,磺酸基团成功引入交换膜,共混膜有较好的相容性,没产生相分离,PAN/SPPO共混膜的吸水率和溶胀率明显降低,其热性能稳定.与纯SPPO膜相比,虽然英质子传导率有所下降,但都在10-2～ 10-3S/cm数量级范围内,究全可...     

Nafion/HZSM-5有相-无机复合质子交换膜的制备与性能研究

通过重铸的方法制备了Nafion/HZSM-5有机-无机复合质子交换膜,研究了添加HZSM-5纳米沸石分子筛颗粒对Nafion膜的结构、水吸收、质子传导率、热稳定性和化学稳定性的影响.与纯的重铸Nafion膜相比,含有5%(质量分数)HZSM-5分子筛的Nafion/HZSM-5复合膜具有更高的质子传导率,当HZSM-5的质量分数高于5%时,复合膜的质子电导率随着HZSM-5含量的增加有所降低,而Nafion/HZSM-5复合膜的水吸收率在HZSM-5质量分数为7.5%时最高,Nafion/HTSM-5复合膜的降解温度也高于纯的重铸的Nafion膜,Nafion/HZSM-5复合膜性能的提高可能与HZSM-5的酸性和特殊的孔道结构有关.     

苯磺酸型侧链磺化聚砜质子交换膜的制备及性能研究

以环氧氯丙烷为小分子试剂,通过烷基化反应将环氧基团引入双酚A型聚砜(PSF)主链,制备侧链含有环氧基团的改性聚砜(OPSF),以OPSF为基础制备苯二磺酸型磺化聚砜(PSF-BDS),通过红外、紫外吸收光谱和核磁氢谱表征化学结构,通过溶液浇注法制备了相应的薄膜,探索了膜材的性能与温度之间的关系。结果表明:PSF-BDS被成功制备,亲水基团远离PSF主链,利于微相分离结构的形成,使之在高磺化度下的尺寸稳定性好。在25～85℃的温度范围内,该质子交换膜的吸水率(WU)、吸水溶胀性(SW)和质子传导率与温度呈线性关系,PSF-BDS-3(磺酸基团键合量为1.45 mmol/g)膜在室温和85℃的SW仅为25.5%和46.6%,相应甲醇渗透率(DK)仅为10.53×10~(-7) cm~2/s,在相同条件下,性能优于Nafion115(16.8×10~(-7) cm~2/s)和Nafion117(23.8×10~(-7) cm~2/s)。     

无机杂化倍半硅氧烷／磺化杂萘联苯聚醚酮质子导电复合膜

通过磺化反应制备了一系列不同磺化程度的磺化杂萘联苯聚醚酮（SPPEK）,采用共混法将无机杂化倍半硅氧烷（POSS）掺杂到IEC值为1．60的SPPEK中,通过溶液浇铸制得复合膜。对SPPEK／POSS复合膜进行了FTIR、TGA分析和SEM表观形貌观察。研究了SPPEK／POSS复合膜的吸水性、溶胀度和质子导电性,并与Nation 117进行对比。随着POSS的加入,复合膜的吸水性、溶胀度和氧化稳定性提高。SPPEK／POSS复合膜的室温电导率达到0．75×10^-2S·cm^-1,接近Nafion 117膜相同条件下的电导率（1．08×10^-2S·cm^-1）。随着温度升高,SPPEK／POSS复合膜的电导率逐渐增大。采用不同测试方法分别对复合膜的膜平面方向和厚度方向上的电导率进行了测试,表明在两个方向上的电导率相差较大,SPPEK／POSS复合膜室温下膜平面方向上的电导率达到2．1×10^-2S·cm^-1。     

脂肪族支化聚酰胺酯的合成与性能

以己二酸、1,4-丁二醇、己二胺和己内酰胺为原料,丙三醇为支化剂,采用熔融缩聚法合成了可生物降解的脂肪族支化聚酰胺酯(PEAs)。实验中发现,当丙三醇质量分数超过0．9％时,聚合物产生微交联。用差示扫描量热法表征了聚合物的热性能;考察了PEAs膜的拉伸性能;初步探讨了聚合物的水解降解性能。结果表明,随着丙三醇加入量的增大,聚合物的熔点和结晶温度降低;PEAs膜的拉伸强度下降,但降幅不大：将PEAs膜于50℃NaOH溶液(pH值为11)中降解,随聚合物支化度的增加,降解加快。     

基于环糊精分子构筑主客体络合物型阴离子导电膜

将β-环糊精（β-CD）引入到以聚乙烯醇（PVA）和季铵化壳聚糖（QCS）为膜基质的混合铸膜液中，然后借助联合交联剂（戊二醛〔GA〕+三聚氰胺〔MA〕）将前述铸膜液中的三种物质交联，制备一系列环糊精含量不同、具有全互穿网络结构的主客体络合物型导电膜（CDX-QCSY-PVAY）OH-。结果表明，随着β-环糊精质量分数增加，羟基含量增加，络合Ca2+吸附OH-数量增加，离子交换量、电导率与拉伸强度等均呈上升趋势，但含水率、溶胀度与断裂伸长率呈下降趋势。当β-环糊精质量分数为20%时，导电膜综合性能最佳。此时含水率为91.3%，溶胀度为83.4%，拉伸强度为69.5 MPa，断裂伸长率为48.5%，离子交换量为2.64 mmol/g，电导率为7.1×10-2 S/cm（70 ℃）。在70 ℃、6 mol/L KOH溶液中上述膜样品在泡碱240 h后的电导率降低了17%，具有较好的耐碱稳定性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。