Recent Developments of Optoelectronic Synaptic Devices Based on Metal Halide Perovskites

Massive data processing with high computing efficiency and low operating power is required owing to the rapid development of artificial intelligence and information technology. However, the von Neumann structure computing system with the separated memory and processor can cause large energy consumption and a low running speed during massive data processing. Therefore, the brain-inspired neuromorphic computing system is developed, that can provide hardware support for emulating biological synaptic functions and realizing highly intensive data processing with low power consumption. As a neuromorphic device, the optoelectronic synaptic device (OSD) is regarded as an ideal device to replace the von Neumann-based computer because of its ultrafast signal transmission, large bandwidth, low energy consumption, and wireless communication. Owing to their unique optoelectronic property, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have received growing attention as effective photosensitive materials in OSDs. Therefore, the review introduces the recent progress on OSDs based on MHPs (MHPs-OSDs) including the structures and properties of MHPs, and the architectures and performance characteristics of MHPs-OSDs. Furthermore, applications of MHPs-OSDs are presented. Finally, the outlook and opportunity of MHPs-OSDs are discussed.     

基于光电混合反馈控制的光电振荡器稳频研究

光电振荡器具有输出信号相位噪声低、频率可调的优点,已成为军民应用领域的研究热点。然而,目前光电振荡器存在输出信号频率不稳定的核心问题,这限制了其在工程中的应用和推广。基于此,文章研究了光电振荡器频率漂移机理,提出了一种基于光电混合反馈控制的光电振荡器频率稳定方法,该方法在保证光电振荡器低相噪的情况下可同时实现光电振荡器特定振荡频率的稳定输出。实验测试得到光电振荡器的稳定度达到了5.6×10-12/天,这可以满足工程中对频率稳定的应用需求。     

基于CANopen协议的多圈绝对光电编码器的设计

光电编码器是用来检测角度、位置、速度和加速度的传感器。依靠轴杆、齿轮、测量轮或绳缆的控制,线性位移就能被检测。光电编码器把实际的机构参数转换成电气信号,这些信号可以被计数器,转速表、PLC和工业PC处理。光电编码器为每一个轴的位置提供一个独一无二的编码数字值,特别是在定位控制系统中,光电编码器减轻了电子设备的计算任务,从而省去了复杂和昂贵的输入装备。CANopen协议以其成熟的结构,以及抗干扰能力强等优势越来越多地应用到各种工业活动中,成为各种行业的标准,已成为未来现场总线发展的一种趋势。该文介绍使用C8051F504单片机芯片实现光电编码器数据采集和CANopen协议的方法并给出其软硬件设计方案。     

Understanding the Host–Guest Interaction Between Responsive Core‐Crosslinked Hybrid Nanoparticles of Hyperbranched Poly(ether amine) and Dyes: The Selective Adsorption and Smart Separation of Dyes in Water

The host–guest interaction between polymer nanoparticles and guest molecules plays a key role in fields such as controlled drug delivery, separation, and nanosensors. To understand this host–guest interaction, a series of hybrid polymer nanoparticles (SiO_1.5‐hPEA NPs) are designed and prepared based on hyperbranched poly(ether amine) (hPEA) with the different hydrophobicity and functional groups. Their adsorption behavior to twelve hydrophilic dyes in aqueous solution is studied. The core‐crosslinked hybrid nanoparticles (SiO_1.5‐hPEA NPs) are prepared by direct dispersion of hPEA containing trimethoxysilyl moieties (TMS‐hPEA) in aqueous solution, which exhibit sharp multiresponse to temperature, pH, and ionic strength in aqueous solution. The effect of molecular structure of TMS‐hPEA on the host–guest interaction between SiO_1.5‐hPEA NPs and hydrophilic dyes is investigated in detail. The obtained SiO_1.5‐hPEA NPs interact selectively with different hydrophilic dyes in aqueous solution. The distribution coefficient (K) for partitioning of dyes between SiO_1.5‐hPEA NPs and water is proposed to define the strength of the host‐guest interaction between the nanoparticles and dyes. K increases with the increasing hydrophobicity of the hPEA backbone regardless of their charge states of SiO_1.5‐hPEA NPs and dyes. A methodology is demonstrated for the smart separation of a mixture of dyes in water using SiO_1.5‐hPEA NPs.     

三维物场多重分数傅里叶变换全息图光电再现实验研究

对基于多重分数傅里叶变换(FrFT)的三维(3D)物场计算全息图进行光电再现实验研究.根据分数阶与衍射距离的关系,对不同物面分别设置不同的分数阶,分别计算得到各层物面在全息面的复振幅并进行叠加,对其进行编码分别得到分数傅里叶变换振幅型全息图和相息图.同时在计算3D物场的全息图时,在物波面加入不同的随机相位因子,得到3D...     

Recent Progress on Synthesis,Intrinsic Properties and Optoelectronic Applications of Perovskite Single Crystals

Metal halide perovskite have shown great potential for applications in photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes and photon detectors, mainly owing to their superb optoelectronic properties, low-cost raw materials and facile fabrication process. Although, polycrystalline perovskite thin-films have been actively investigated for preparing various optoelectronic devices, the presence of detrimental defects at grain boundaries, serious ion migration and limited stability unfortunately hinder their device performance and practical application. As a contrast, perovskite single crystals (SCs) exhibit no grain boundaries, much lower trap density and much improved stability, hence providing a more attractive choice for not only optoelectronic device applications but also fundamental research. In this review, recent progress in the growth methods of perovskite SCs is summarized, followed by giving a detailed introduction of the intrinsic properties of perovskite SCs including optical properties, defects, charge carrier dynamics, ion migration and stability. On these base, the applications of perovskite SCs in various optoelectronic devices like solar cells, photodetectors, and radiation detectors are discussed, where the relationship between the composition, device architecture and device performance is highlighted. Finally, a tentative discussion on the current challenges and future opportunities in the development of perovskite SCs and optoelectronic devices is presented.     

Protein‐Enabled Synthesis of Monodisperse Titania Nanoparticles On and Within Polyelectrolyte Matrices

Here, the results of a study of the mechanism of bio‐enabled surface‐mediated titania nanoparticle synthesis with assistance of polyelectrolyte surfaces are reported. By applying atomic force microscopy, surface force spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, structural changes of rSilC‐silaffin upon its adsorption to polyelectrolyte surfaces prior to and during titania nanoparticle growth are revealed. It is demonstrated that the adhesion of rSilC‐silaffin onto polyelectrolyte surfaces results in its reorganization from a random‐coil conformation in solution into a mixed secondary structure with both random coil and β‐sheet structures presented. Moreover, the protein forms a continuous molecularly thin layer with well‐defined monodisperse nanodomains of lateral dimensions below 20 nm. It is also shown that rSilC embedded inside the polylelectrolyte matrix preserves its titania formation activity. It is suggested that the surface‐mediated, bio‐enabled synthesis of nanostructured materials might be useful to develop general procedures for controlled growth of inorganic nanomaterials on reactive organic surfaces, which opens new perspectives in the design of tailored, in situ grown, hybrid inorganic–organic nanomaterials.     

Synthesis of a Hydrothermally Stable,Periodic Mesoporous Material Containing Magnetite Nanoparticles,and the Preparation of Oriented Films

Magnetite nanoparticles modified covalently with triethoxysilane having a quaternary dicetyl ammonium ion are used together with tetraethylorthosilicate as building blocks to prepare a mesoporous material. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide is used as a structure‐directing agent under conditions typically used for mesoporous MCM‐41 silicas. The resulting mesoporous material (MAG‐MCM‐41), containing up to 15 wt % of magnetite is characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), isothermal gas adsorption, and X‐ray diffraction. In contrast to siliceous MCM‐41, mesoporous MAG‐MCM‐41 exhibits a remarkable hydrothermal stability. The magnetic properties of MAG‐MCM‐41 are characterized by DC and AC magnetic susceptibility, and by isothermal hysteresis cycles, confirming the long‐range magnetic ordering above 400 K. As evidenced by atomic force microscopy and TEM, the ability to respond to magnetic fields is used to orient films of MAG‐MCM‐41 with the channels perpendicular to a support.     

陆军武器平台光电系统发展新动向——Eurosatow 2006防务展回顾之一

考察了法国Eurosatory2006地面和防空装备展览，从桅杆光电、车载光电和机载光电等三个领域整理了展览会上典型产品的特点，并相应总结了当前国际陆军武器平台领域中光电装备的发展趋势，分析了其中的关键技术，提出当前光电技术在陆军武器平台应用的发展重点。     

碳纳米管光电器件光学特性的电磁模型研究

针对基于碳纳米管阵列构成的光电器件,建立基于场效应器件结构的电磁散射模型,对其光电吸收特性进行了仿真分析。模型仿真结果表明,当碳纳米管阵列间距为入射光波长的整数倍时,碳纳米管的吸收功率达到峰值,当在两个波长之间,吸收功率按线性衰减,对应于入射光的不同倍数波长的吸收功率的峰值随波长的增加而线性衰减。在吸收功率峰值附近,吸收功率随阵列周期间距的变化而敏感。     

Metal-Coordinated Adsorption of Nanoparticles to Macrophages for Targeted Cancer Therapy

Living cell-based drug delivery systems (LC-DDSs) are limited by adverse interactions between drugs and carrier cells, typically drug-induced toxicity to carrier cells and restriction of carrier cells on drug release. Here, a method is established to adsorb nanocarriers externally to living cells, thereby reducing cytotoxicity caused by drug uptake and realizing improved drug release at the disease site. It is found that a divalent metal ion-phenolic network (MPN) affords adhesion of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles onto macrophage (Mφ) surfaces with minimized intracellular uptake and no negative effect on cell proliferation. On this basis, an Mφ-DDS with doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles on cell surface (DOX-NP@Mφ) is constructed. Compared to intracellular loading via endocytosis, this method well-maintains bioactivity (viability and migration chemotaxis) of the carrier cell. By virtue of the photothermal effect of MPN at the tumor site, DOX-NP-associated vesicles are liberated for improved chemotherapy. This facile, benign, and efficient method (ice bath, 2 min) for extracellular nanoparticle attachment and minimizing intracellular uptake provides a platform technology for LC-DDS development.     

基于低频噪声检测光耦器件可靠性的频域筛选方法?

针对光耦器件可靠性筛选,提出全频段阈值筛选方法检测光耦器件内部低频噪声。根据光耦器件内部的低频噪声完成光耦器件可靠性的筛选。实验中利用光耦器件测试系统检测200只光耦器件内部的低频噪声,计算这200只光耦器件全频段平均噪声谱,确定筛选的阈值,再根据光耦器件可靠性分类标准,判断被测器件可靠性等级。     

一种新型有机/无机复合非线性光学材料的制备

以含4 [乙基 (2 羟乙基)胺] 4′ 硝基偶氮苯(DR1)生色团的烷氧基硅烷染料(DR1ASD)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,通过溶胶 凝胶法合成了含DR1生色团的新型键合型有机/无机复合非线性光学(NLO)材料,在这种有机生色团与无机玻璃键合形成的交联网络结构中,无机玻璃的刚性三维结构和优良的高温稳定性能有效抑制NLO生色团的极化松弛。二阶谐波信号(SHG)测试表明:合成的键合型聚合物膜的二阶NLO系数(d33)值可达3.41×10-7esu;NLO稳定性也较好,在室温下放置90d,其d33值能维持初始值的94.2%;在100℃放置300min,其d33值仍能维持初始值的57.3%。     

基于光纤环选频特性的双环结构光电振荡器

提出并验证了一种借助于光纤环的选频特性实现辅助滤波的光电振荡器,利用偏振分束器(PBS)和偏振合束器(PBC)构成的双环路结构抑制掉部分光电振荡器的边模,同时借助于光纤环的光学梳状频率特性,对振荡器环路中的光信号模式再次进行选择,既起到边模抑制的作用,又提高了光电振荡器谐振腔的Q值.仿真结果表明:采用光纤环辅助滤波有利于光电振荡器的边摸抑制和单模输出,在保证光电振荡器输出低相位噪声和高频谱纯度微波信号的情况下,边模抑制比超过160 dB,模式间隔达到370 MHz,降低了对电域带通滤波器的性能要求,是一种新的光电振荡器设计方案.     

Optoelectronic properties of transition metal and rare earth doped epitaxial layers on InP for magneto-optics

Rare earth-and transition metal-doped thin films of InP, In_0.53Ga_0.47As, and In_0.71Ga_0.29As_0.58P_0.42 were grown by liquid phase epitaxy and evaluated for use in integrated electro-optical and magneto-optical applications, such as waveguides and Faraday rotators. The films were lattice matched to (100) InP substrates, and the transition metal (Mn) and rare earth (Gd, Eu, and Er) doping concentra-tions were between 2.6 × 10¹⁸ and 1.5 × 10²⁰ cm^-3. The chemical profiles were generally found to be homogeneous by SIMS, although in more highly doped films the rare earths were observed to segregate toward the interfaces. The undoped films were n-type, and the net carrier concentrations in the rare earth-doped (Gd, Eu, Er) films were decreased by an order of magnitude. The Mn-doped films were p-type. Optically, the rare earth dopants were observed to raise the refractive index of the layers at 632.8 nm, and subsequent waveguiding in doped InP layers was observed at 1.3 μm. Although the Faraday rotations of our materials were much less than that of well known oxides, such as yttrium iron garnet, they were sufficient for device applications, and our materials can be much more easily integrated with InP OEIC devices. For example, a 1 cm waveguide would provide the large rotation (45°) required in isolator applica-tions.     

Au纳米颗粒的形状和尺寸对表面等离子体的影响

通过调控Au纳米颗粒的形状和尺寸,研究了Au纳米颗粒的形状和尺寸与表面等离子体之间的关系。通过直流磁控溅射的方法在外延片上溅射Au薄膜,并采用快速热退火和常规热退火两种方式对其进行热退火,制备出Au纳米颗粒。使用不同热退火方式、不同热退火温度及不同Au薄膜厚度来改变Au纳米颗粒的形状和尺寸,并对Au纳米颗粒的表面形貌及它的消光谱进行了分析,对比了不同形貌的Au纳米颗粒对表面等离子体共振特性的影响。实验结果表明,使用普通热退火制备的Au纳米颗粒形状接近球体,而使用快速热退火得到的Au纳米颗粒的形状更接近棒体;随着热退火温度的升高,表面等离子体的共振波长发生红移;随着Au薄膜厚度的增加,表面等离子体的共振波长也发生红移。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Discrete Nickel Phosphide Nanoparticles: Effect of Surface Ligation Chemistry on Catalytic Hydrodesulfurization of Thiophene

Discrete, unsupported nanoparticles of Ni₂P have been prepared by using a solution‐phase method with bis(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) [Ni(COD)₂] as the nickel source and trioctylphosphine (TOP) as the phosphorus source in the presence of the coordinating solvent trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO). Ni₂P nanoparticles prepared at 345 °C have an average crystallite size of 10.2 ± 0.7 nm and are capped with TOP and/or TOPO coordinating agents. The surface of the Ni₂P nanoparticles can be modified by washing with CHCl₃ or by exchanging TOP/TOPO groups with mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA). The surface areas of these nanoparticles are on the order of 30–70 m² g^–1. As‐prepared and MUA‐capped nanoparticles undergo a phase transformation at 370 °C under reducing conditions, but CHCl₃‐washed Ni₂P nanoparticles retain the Ni₂P structure. CHCl₃‐washed and MUA‐capped nanoparticles exhibit higher HDS catalytic activity than as‐prepared nanoparticles or unsupported Ni₂P prepared by temperature‐programmed reduction of a phosphate precursor. The surface modifications have a clear effect on the catalytic activity as well as the thermal stability of Ni₂P nanoparticles under reducing conditions.     

Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles by Rapid,High‐Temperature 3D Microwave Heating

Microwave‐assisted fabrication has propelled the recent synthesis and processing approaches of various nanomaterials. However, in most previous studies, the synthesis temperature is limited to below 1100 K, which restricts its application. Here, a rapid, in situ 3D heating method to manufacture well‐dispersed metal oxide nanoparticles on a 3D carbonized wood (denoted as C‐wood) host using microwaves as the driving power is reported. The moderate electronic conductivity of C‐wood contributes to the local Joule heating and the good thermal conductivity guarantees the rapid 3D heating of the overall material. The temperature of the C‐wood increases from room temperature to ≈2200 K in 4 s (≈550 K s^?1), stabilizing to 1400 K, and then cooling back down to room temperature within 2 s. The preloaded precursor salts rapidly decompose and form ultrafine (≈11 nm) metal oxide nanoparticles on the surface of the C‐wood during the rapid quenching. The process takes place in air, which helps prevent the metal oxides from being reduced by the carbon. The 3D heating method offers an effective route to the rapid and scalable synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles.     

硅表面氧吸附的自洽键轨道计算

一种简单的考虑到电荷转移引起原子波函数变化的自治键轨道计算用于 Si(111)表面原子氧吸附的研究.在顶位吸附的模型下,适当选择Si-O键的长度可以得到在价带光电子发射谱中几个主要峰的相对能量位置.结果表明,顶位吸附的 Si-O键的长度只略小于体内Si-Si键的长度,而不是通常猜测的那样接近SiO_2体内的键长.同样的计算也能给出氧化后的Si-O键的能量.