Reconstructing non-ideal-bordered field by simple self-correlative algebraic reconstruction technique

A new algorithm for iterative reconstruction is suggested. It is named simple self-correlative algebraic reconstruction technique （SSART）. With numerical simulation experiments, SSART was applied in reconstructing a non-ideal-bordered field in order to test its reconstructive effect, For contrast, three current representative algebraic reconstruction（ARTs） including basic ART, simultaneous ART （SART） and modified SART （MSART） were simulated simultaneously. The calculated results and reconstructive accuracy are discussed with three kinds of error indexes, namely mean-square error （MSE）, absolute value error （AVE） and peak error （PE）. As the results, the indexes of reconstructive accuracy are much improved by the proposed SSART. The MSE and PE have been decreased by 63.6% on the order of magnitude 10-4 and 88.9% on the order of magnitude 0-2,respectively,compared to that of ART. It is concluded that SSART is one of the most super iterative reconstructing techniques.     

复杂流场的代数迭代重建算法

提出了简单自相关代数迭代重建算法（SSART）。采用数值模拟的方法,对当前有代表性的基本代数迭代法（ART）、联合代数迭代法（SART）、改进的联合代数迭代法（MSART）以及SSART进行了计算模拟,对比分析了各种算法的模拟效果和重建精度。结果发现,SSART的均方误差（MSE）在10^-4数量级,比ART的降低了78．2％;峰值相对误差（PE）在10^-2,降低了92．9％;计算程序上,SSART仅比ART多1个除数因子。所以SSART具有算法简单、重建精度高、稳定性好和自愈能力强等优点。     

Improving displayed resolution in convolution reconstruction of digital holograms

In digital holography,the hologramis recorded by aCCDor CMOSandthe holographici mageis numericallyreconstructed by a computer.Compared with conven-tional holography,digital holographycan be usedtosi m-ultaneously obtain the amplitude and phase information…     

自相关代数迭代重建算法重建含遮挡物场

用自创建的简单白相关代数迭代重建算法（SSCART）重建含遮挡物场，分析了重建效果。采用数值模拟的方法，分别用原始的代数迭代重建算法（ART）与SSCART重建含遮挡物场，分析了模拟效果和重建精度。结果发现，这2种算法都能重建含建遮挡物场，但重建效果差别较大，SSCART能较精确重建原场。SSCART算法的重建精度MSE指标在10^-4数量级上比ART的降低了26．6％，PE指标在10^-2降低了77．6％。     

Reconstruction of strain distribution in fiber Bragg gratings with differential evolution algorithm

Differential evolution algorithm is used to solve the inverse problem of strain distribution in fiber Bragg grating （FBG）. Linear and nonlinear strain profiles are reconstructed based on the reflection spectra. An approximate solution could be obtained within only 50 rounds of evolutions. Numerical examples show good agreements between target strain profiles and reconstructed ones. Online performance analysis illuminates the efficiency and practicality of differential evolution algorithm in solving the inverse problem of FBG.     

电容层析成像图像重建算法对比

图像重建算法在电容层析成像技术的实际应用中起着至关重要的作用。针对图像重建算法的研究,文中将线性反投影法、奇异值分解法、代数重建算法、Landweber算法、Tikhonov正则化算法的基本原理进行对比。基于MATLAB仿真平台对4种多相流流型进行仿真,并从图像误差、相关系数、计算时间3个方面对比重建图像的效果。分析结果表明,直接算法的图像重建速度优于迭代算法,但其图像重建质量劣于迭代算法。     

燃油喷雾内部构造可视化的激光CT技术(1)——喷雾图象重建方法的研究

为应用激光CT(Computed Tomography)技术实现燃油喷雾内部构造可视化,本文针对燃油喷雾的特点,对卷积反投影法(Convolution back projection简称CBP)、代数重建技术(Algebraic reconstruction technique简称ART)和同时迭代重建技术(Simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique简称SIRT)三种算法应用于喷雾图象的重建进行了研究.在P540图象处理系统上对标准喷雾模型进行重建,结果表明在投影数据存在噪声时,SIRT法重建图象质量最佳,但所需时间最长,CBP法重建图象质量最差,但运算时间最少,而ART法介于两者之间.     

基于相移法的多目标运动物体三维重构

相移法可实现静态物体三维形貌的高精度重构,对于运动物体形貌重构则误差较大。其根本原因为相移法需要多个条纹图进行物体重构,而传统相移法理论没有包含物体的运动信息,无法描述物体运动对相位的影响。导致当物体在条纹图间发生运动时测量误差较大。针对以上问题,提出了一种利用物体运动信息对多个二维运动物体进行三维重构的新方法。不同的被测物体可具有不同的运动轨迹。首先,对多个被测物体进行识别并确定目标区域;然后,采用KCF算法对物体进行跟踪并使用SIFT算法提取物体运动前后的特征点,分别估计描述物体运动的旋转平移矩阵。将运动信息带入条纹描述方程中,获得包含运动信息的三维重构模型,最终采用最小二乘法提取正确的相位值。结果证明:该方法能有效地减少由物体运动引起的测量误差,扩展了三维测量的应用范围,具有较高的工业应用价值。     

基于先验信息的二值血管锥束迭代重建

基于旋转DSA(Digital Subtraction Angiography)的血管三维重建是当前医学图像处理领域的一个新的研究热点,具有广阔的应用前景.本文在SART(Simultaneous Algebraic Reconstruction Technique)算法的基础上,根据穿过每个体素的锥束射线误差的加权平均值,构造了二值体素状态转移的概率函数,实现了一种适用于二值三维图像的迭代重建算法.针对二值三维血管的特点,本文采用最大均匀性准则作为重建目标的先验信息对迭代过程进行约束,使得迭代过程具有很好的体积聚类功能,大大提高了三维图像的重建质量.以Defrise模型和冠状动脉模型作为研究对象,试验结果表明,本文的重建算法在抑制噪声保持目标结构信息等方面优于经典的Feldkamp算法.     

Algebraic reconstruction in CT from limited views

The author presents an algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) as a viable alternative in computerized tomography (CT) from limited views. Recently, algorithms of iterative reconstruction-reprojection (IRR) based on the method of convolution-backprojection have been proposed for application in limited-view CT. Reprojection was used in an iterative fashion alternating with backprojection as a means of estimating projection values within the sector of missing views. In algebraic methods of reconstruction for CT, only those projections corresponding to known data are required. Reprojection along missing views would merely serve to introduce redundant equations. Computer simulation studies are presented which demonstrate significantly improved reconstructed images achieved by an ART algorithm as compared to IRR methods.     

噪声对大气痕量气体分布重建的影响

针对大气痕量气体浓度的二维分布重建中的噪声问题,采用数值模拟的方法研究了噪声对差分吸收光谱断层扫描技术重构大气痕量气体空间分布的影响,建立了噪声的模型,并研究了噪声对代数迭代重建算法(ART)和联合迭代重建算法(SIRT)两种重建算法的重建效果的影响,ART算法重建后,误差Ea 由0.1080降低到了0.0182; SIRT算法重建后误差Ea 由0.0476降低到了0.0102。结果表明,随着随机噪声的增加,重建图像变态程度越来越严重。由重建相对误差指标可以看出,随着信噪比的增加,重建相对误差越来越小。因此,在外场重建试验中应该尽量避免噪声。     

Electrical impedance tomography of complex conductivitydistributions with noncircular boundary

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) uses low-frequency current and voltage measurements made on the boundary of a body to compute the conductivity distribution within the body. Since the permittivity distribution inside the body also contributes significantly to the measured voltages, the present reconstruction algorithm images complex conductivity distributions. A finite element model (FEM) is used to solve the forward problem, using a 6017-node mesh for a piecewise-linear potential distribution. The finite element solution using this mesh is compared with the analytical solution for a homogeneous field and a maximum error of 0.05% is observed in the voltage distribution. The boundary element method (BEM) is also used to generate the voltage data for inhomogeneous conductivity distributions inside regions with noncircular boundaries. An iterative reconstruction algorithm is described for approximating both the conductivity and permittivity distributions from this data. The results for an off-centered inhomogeneity showed a 35% improvement in contrast from that seen with only one iteration, for both the conductivity and the permittivity values. It is also shown that a significant improvement in images results from accurately modeling a noncircular boundary. Both static and difference images are distorted by assuming a circular boundary and the amount of distortion increases significantly as the boundary shape becomes more elliptical. For a homogeneous field in an elliptical body with axis ratio of 0.73, an image reconstructed assuming the boundary to be circular has an artifact at the center of the image with an error of 20%. This error increased to 37% when the axis ratio was 0.64. A reconstruction algorithm which used a mesh with the same axis ratio as the elliptical boundary reduced the error in the conductivity values to within 0.5% of the actual values     

A Novel Finite-Element-Based Algorithm for Fluorescence Molecular Tomography of Heterogeneous Media

The knowledge of optical properties distribution of heterogeneous media has significant impact on the reconstructed fluorescence image quality in fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT). In this study, a novel finite-element-based algorithm for FMT of heterogeneous media is proposed. In the algorithm, optical properties are reconstructed using the conjugate gradient method. A modified method based on reverse differential scheme is deduced for calculating the gradient when the detector points are not restricted on boundary nodes. With the recovered optical properties, linear relationship between known surface measurements of emission light and unknown fluorescence yield is then obtained. FMT reconstruction is implemented by combining algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) and Landweber iteration method. With initial value provided by ART, Landweber iteration method improves the quantification smoothly with small step length between neighboring iterations. The algorithm was evaluated using phantoms of different heterogeneity configurations. Results show that the reconstructed fluorescence yield is insensitive to various degrees of heterogeneity for the proposed algorithm. In contrast, when assuming homogeneous optical properties, it shows that more underestimation of optical properties results in more underestimation of the reconstructed fluorescence yield. Fast computation speed of the proposed algorithm is also demonstrated in this study.     

A hybrid scheme for low bit-rate coding of stereo images

We propose a hybrid scheme to implement an object driven, block based algorithm to achieve low bit-rate compression of stereo image pairs. The algorithm effectively combines the simplicity and adaptability of the existing block based stereo image compression techniques with an edge/contour based object extraction technique to determine appropriate compression strategy for various areas of the right image. Unlike the existing object-based coding such as MPEG-4 developed in the video compression community, the proposed scheme does not require any additional shape coding. Instead, the arbitrary shape is reconstructed by the matching object inside the left frame, which has been encoded by standard JPEG algorithm and hence made available at the decoding end for those shapes in right frames. Yet the shape reconstruction for right objects incurs no distortion due to the unique correlation between left and right frames inside stereo image pairs and the nature of the proposed hybrid scheme. Extensive experiments carried out support that significant improvements of up to 20% in compression ratios are achieved by the proposed algorithm in comparison with the existing block-based technique, while the reconstructed image quality is maintained at a competitive level in terms of both PSNR values and visual inspections.     

基于辅助相机的景深拓展三维重建技术研究

针对面结构光三维重建中,由于重建景深的限制导致待测物在超出重建景深后出现重建错误的问题,提出了一种基于辅助相机的景深拓展三维重建技术,并借助相位阈值自适应地对重建景深内外物体进行重建。采用四步相移与互补格雷码结合的方法获取绝对相位,通过多项式拟合法对相机、投影仪进行标定。提出了借助辅助相机建立超出重建景深的相位-高度映射的方法。实验结果表明：该方法能提高重建景深范围50%左右,大大提升了面结构光的重建范围。     

一种改进的TV图像重建算法

针对当前稀疏角度下有限角图像重建过程中,边界部分出现伪影,降低了图像重建质量的缺陷。文中提出了一种新的ART+TV算法,该方法是在原始TV算法的基础上进行改进。原始TV梯度下降算法求解目标函数最小值时,使用固定函数作为目标函数,文中对其进行更改,采用带参数的目标函数,并对TV重建后的结果进行自适应步长修正,加速图像收敛。与传统的ART+TV算法相比,文中算法在不改变重建速度的基础上,且在少量迭代次数下,能重建出质量更高的图像,抑制图像伪影。     

包含遮挡物的三维流场莫尔层析重建

为了研究复杂流场环境下的包含遮挡物的非完全数据层析重建问题,从莫尔层析的基本理论出发,提出了一种将包含先验知识的属性矩阵融入迭代过程的全新的基于级数展开类的莫尔层析迭代算法。在此基础上,通过数值模拟,重建了包含遮挡物的三峰高斯分布的温度场,取得了理想的重建结果,并在相同条件下与层析变换类算法中滤波反投影算法进行了对比。结果表明,将先验知识以属性矩阵的形式融入迭代过程后,新算法与滤波反投影算法相比,能有效地处理包含遮挡物的非完全数据重建问题,为莫尔层析应用于实际测量奠定基础。     

Application of eliminating zero-order diffraction light in wavefront reconstruction of inverse diffraction computation

With the development of computer and CCD tech-niques ,a technique of capturing the complex amplitudeof object light accordingto anintensity holographrecor-ded by a CCD detector array has been becoming an in-teresting area[1-4].In reference [5] the frequen…     

A novel soft reliability-based iterative majority-logic decoding algorithm with uniform quantization

In this paper, a novel soft reliability-based iterative majority-logic decoding algorithm with uniform quantization is proposed for regularly structured low density parity-check (LDPC) codes. A weighted measure is introduced for each check-sum of the parity-check matrix and a scaling factor is used to weaken the overestimation of extrinsic information. Furthermore, the updating process of the reliability measure takes advantage of turbo-like iterative decoding strategy. The main computational complexity of the proposed algorithm only includes logical and integer operations with the bit uniform quantization criterion. Simulation results show that the novel decoding algorithm can achieve excellent error-correction performance and a fast decoding convergence speed. This work has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.61472464, 61671091 and 61471075), the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing Science and Technology Commission (No.cstc2015jcyjA0554), the Program for Innovation Team Building at Institutions of Higher Education in Chongqing (No.J2013-46), and the Undergraduate Science Research Training Project for Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications (No.A2016-61). E-mail:yuanjg@cqupt.edu.cn      

Handling of long objects in iterative improvement of nonexact reconstruction in helical cone-beam CT

In medical helical cone-beam CT, it is common that the region-of-interest (ROI) is contained inside the helix cylinder, while the complete object is long and extends outside the top and the bottom of the cylinder. This is the Long Object Problem. Analytical reconstruction methods for helical cone-beam CT have been designed to handle this problem. It has been shown that a moderate amount of over-scanning is sufficient for reconstruction of a certain ROI. The over-scanning projection rays travel both through the ROI, as well as outside the ROI. This is unfortunate for iterative methods since it seems impossible to compute accurate values for the projection rays which travel partly inside and partly outside the ROI. Therefore, it seems that the useful ROI will diminish for every iteration step. We propose the following solution to the problem. First, we reconstruct volume regions also outside the ROI. These volume regions will certainly be incompletely reconstructed, but our experimental results show that they serve well for projection generation. This is rather counter-intuitive and contradictory to our initial assumptions. Second, we use careful extrapolation and masking of projection data. This is not a general necessity, but needed for the chosen iterative algorithm, which includes rebinning and iterative filtered backprojection. Our idea here was to use an approximate reconstruction method which gives cone-beam artifacts and then improve the reconstructed result by iterative filtered backprojection. The experimental results seem very encouraging. The cone-beam artifacts can indeed be removed. Even voxels close to the boundary of the ROI are as well enhanced by the iterative loop as those in the middle of the ROI.