中国将淘汰氯氟烃类消耗臭氧层物质

9月16日是第十一个国际保护臭氧层日，今年国际保护臭氧层日的主题为加速淘汰消耗臭氧层物质。中国已承诺要在2007年7月1日前淘汰除必要用途之外的GFG（氯氟烃）、哈龙的生产和消费，实现加速淘汰计划的目标。该计划的实施将保证中国2010年主要OD5（消耗臭氧层物质）生产和消费零目标的顺利实现，兑现中国政府对国际社会的承诺。     

欧盟出台消耗臭氧层物质法规修订议案

欧委会于2008年8月1日提交议案,修订现行的保护臭氧层法规。修订议案旨在简化现行法规,例如建立机制以管制最近被确定为可能严重消耗臭氧层的物质。议案说明了有关消耗臭氧层物质可在什么情况下输入欧盟的现行法规,并引入新的释义。     

中国保护臭氧层政策法规体系

中国在消耗臭氧层物质（ODS）淘汰领域所实施的政策法规建立在对国际公约所做的承诺基础之上，已形成了一个层次比较清晰的政策法规体系。     

加强地方消耗臭氧层物质淘汰能力建设二期项目启动

正"加强地方消耗臭氧层物质淘汰能力建设二期项目"启动暨培训会于2014年3月26日在北京举行,环保部污防司、对外合作中心及来自全国30个省、自治区、直辖市和5个计划单列市环保厅局负责保护臭氧层履约管理工作的人员出席了会议。2007年开展的一期项目在全国36个省市进行了ODS淘汰履约能力建设,为我国蒙特利尔议定书履约工作的顺利推进发挥了保障作用,初步建立起一支地方保护臭     

清洗行业消耗臭氧层物质替代技术的一种选择——干冰清洗技术

简要介绍干冰清洗的原理和组成部分及其在清洗行业中的应用.干冰清洗由于良好的清洗效果及对环境无破坏,成为人们进行清洗行业消耗臭氧层物质替代的重要技术选择之一.     

我国列出消耗臭氧层受控物质清单

10月19日,环境保护部、国家发改委、工业和信息化部3部门联合发布《中国受控消耗臭氧层物质清单》（以下简称清单）,清单覆盖全面,囊括了破坏臭氧层的八大类化学物质,并列出了这些物质禁止生产、使用和完全淘汰的明确时间表。清单的敲定,标志着我国在加快淘汰消耗臭氧层物质上又迈出重要步伐。     

关于禁止生产和使用消耗臭氧层物质三氟三氯乙烷的公告

为保护臭氧层，国际社会于1987年制定了《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》（以下简称《议定书》）。我国于1991年6月加入了《议定书》（伦敦修正案）。按照《议定书》的规定，我国应自1999年开始逐渐削减并最终完全停止消耗臭氧层物质的生产和使用。     

国务院发布《消耗臭氧层物质管理条例》

为了加强对消耗臭氧层物质的管理,履行《保护臭氧层维也纳公约》和《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》规定的义务,保护臭氧层和生态环境,保障人体健康,根据《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》,制定了《消耗臭氧层物质管理条例》。《消耗臭氧层物质管理条例》已经2010年3月24日国务院第104次常务会议通过,2010年4月8日以中华人民共和国国务院令第573号公布,自2010年6月1日起施行。     

China to Expedite Phasing out Obsolete Capacity

<正> China's central government issued a freshedict on April 6th to shut down outdatedand inefficient plants in a dozen sectorsranging from power, coal, coke, ferroalloy,calcium carbide, steel, nonferrous metals tobuilding materials, light industry and textileswith specific targets.In the coke sector, coking chambers withless than 4.3 meters in height will be phased     

对我国逐步淘汰医用气雾剂所用CFCs抛射剂的建议

本文简要介绍了我国医用气雾剂的分类组成,国外已用于医用气雾剂的各种CFCs替代品、替代技术和装置,并对我国启动替代进程提出五点建议。     

国际保护臭氧层协议与氟化学产业的发展趋势

介绍系列保护臭氧层国际公约的内容及其执行情况和商品化ODS替代物的发展现状与趋势。     

Impinging-Jet Ozone Bubble Column Modeling: Hydrodynamics,Gas Hold-up,Bubble Characteristics,and Ozone Mass Transfer

A transient back flow cell model was used to model the hydrodynamic behaviour of an impinging-jet ozone bubble column. A steady-state back flow cell model was developed to analyze the dissolved ozone concentration profiles measured in the bubble column. The column-average overall mass transfer coefficient, k_La (s^?1), was found to be dependent on the superficial gas and liquid velocities, u_G (m.s^?1) and u_L (m.s^?1), respectively, as follows: k_La?=?55.58 · u_G ^1.26· u_L ^0.08 . The specific interfacial area, a (m^?1), was determined as a = 3.61 × 10³ · u_G ^0.902 · u_L ^?0.038 by measuring the gas hold-up (ε _G?=?4.67 · u_G ^1.11 · u_L ^?0.05 ) and Sauter mean diameter, d_S (mm), of the bubbles (d_S?=?7.78 · u_G ^0.207 · u_L ^{? 0.008} ). The local mass transfer coefficient, k_L (m.s^?1), was then determined to be: k_L?=?15.40 · u_G ^0.354 · u_L ^0.118 .     

Ozone,Hydrogen Peroxide/Ozone And UV/Ozone Treatment Of Chromium- And Copper-Complex Dyes: Decolorization And Metal Release

Metal-complex azo dyes constitute a significant fraction of the dyes used in the textile industry and exhibit properties such as superior light- and wash-fastness. While effluent color is not always regulated, the textile finishing industry often decolorizes wastewater using processes including chemical oxidation. In this study, the use of ozone, hydrogen peroxide/ozone and UV/ozone oxidant systems was examined for treatment of two common metal-complex (premetalized) dyes, Acid Black 52 (chromium) and Direct Blue 80 (copper). Oxidant dosages required for decolorization of these dyes were determined. The effect of bicarbonate alkalinity on the ozonation and the hydrogen peroxide/ozone processes also was examined.     

Reduction of Captan,Boscalid and Pyraclostrobin Residues on Apples Using Water Only,Gaseous Ozone,and Ozone Aqueous Solution

Intensive use of plant protection products in modern agriculture and horticulture often results in increasing residue levels of active ingredients of plant protection products in fruits and vegetables. Even if the maximum residue levels are not exceeded, the synergic effects of various compounds may have a serious impact on consumers' health. In particular, more sensitive consumer groups, e.g., children, may be affected. Therefore, it is important to develop an effective method that could be utilized for reduction of pesticide residue levels in food products of plant origin. In this work, possible application of ozone to reduce pesticide residue levels in apples has been investigated. The fruits were treated with ozone in gaseous state, in ozonized water, and in water alone, which was used for rinsing the fruits. The experiments included tests on apples that were subjected to a protection program using captan, boscalid and pyraclostrobin. The ozonized water and treatment with a gaseous ozone were found to be not more efficient in reducing the pesticide content on the fruits than simple washing procedures, e.g., 81–95% reduction of captan residue or 40–67% reduction of boscalid residue and 20–42% reduction of pyraclostrobin residue. Still, ozonation of water used for rinsing prevented fruits from consecutive contamination by pesticide residues present in water after several rinsing cycles. It was proven that application of ozonation process as a part of post-harvest treatment of apples may be beneficial for the fruit quality.     

Ozone Generation by Indoor,Electrostatic Air Cleaners

ABSTRACT

This experimental study extends prior studies to consider the influences of discharge polarity, current, relative humidity, air temperature, and wire diameter and material on ozone generation rate in two-stage, wire-plate indoor air cleaners. Promising methods of decreasing the quantity of ozone released into living and work spaces are identified. Use of positive corona discharge is imperative since ozone generation rates are nearly an order of magnitude higher with negative discharge. For a specific precipitator design, the most important parameter in predicting ozone generation rate is current level. Changes in temperature and relative humidity of the inlet air stream over the range of ambient conditions expected in typical homes have less impact. In the commercial air cleaner studied, a 40% reduction in current from 1.08 to 0.60 mA, reduces ozone generation rate by nearly 50% from 0.005 to 0.0025 mg s^?1. This reduction in current reduces particle collection efficiency by 20%. An increase in relative humidity from 17 to 55% decreases ozone generation rate 17%. An increase in air temperature from 293 to 301K decreases ozone generation rate by 6%. Ozone production can be controlled by the selection of wire diameter and material. At a fixed voltage, use of 0.10 mm rather than 0.20 mm tungsten discharge wires reduces ozone generation rate by 40%. The accompanying reduction in current does not cause a reduction in collection efficiency as long as the voltage in the collection stage is held constant. The benefit of controlling ozone generation rate by selection of wire material is that the electrical characteristics of the air cleaner are not affected. With a positive corona discharge, ozone generation rate is decreased by 30% with copper wires and by 50% with silver wires as compared to the rate with standard tungsten wires.     

Interactions Between Ozone,Halogens and Organic Compounds

During drinking-water treatment, ozone used as a preoxidant and chlorine required for final disinfection, lead to competing chemical reactions, in the case of raw water containing both organic compounds and inorganic salts (such as bromides and ammonia).

The study of the interactions between those reactants has been made according to the following main topics :

As for THM formation, experiments conducted on simple organic compounds or on natural fulvic acids show important decreases in THM or TCAA formation after ozonation. It may be noticed, however, that the ozonation of surface waters may induce the formation of haloform precursors, usually with a low level of reactivity.

In water supplies containing bromide ions, oxidation of the latter through hypobromous acid may take place during the ozonation stage. Failing preozonation treatment, hypobromous acid is generated very rapidly during chlorination, thus inducing the formation of chloro- brominated organic compounds.

During the ozonation of fulvic acid solutions, the presence of small amounts of bicarbonate was found to improve precursor removal significantly.

It can be concluded that the partial analogy of the action of ozone or chlorine on aromatic structures, whether simple or complex (such as humic and fulvic acids), seems to indicate that the consequence of preozonation is the destruction, at least in part, of the most reactive sites for THM production, thus leading to a decrease of the volatile organochlorinated compounds formed during the post-chlorination. However, some ozonation products of natural waters are THM precursors, though of low reactivity. Then, in the presence of bromide ions, the formation of volatile organobrominated compounds may be observed during ozonation.     

Ozone Synthesis and Decomposition in Oxygen-Fed Pulsed DBD System: Effect of Ozone Concentration,Power Density,and Residence Time

The process of ozone production in pure oxygen was studied. It was shown how the ozone concentration changes along the discharge gap, both during its generation and decomposition processes. The effect of ozone inlet concentration, power, and gas residence time on ozone concentration was analyzed. It has been shown that concentrated ozone is easily decomposed at very low discharge powers, i.e., when the increase of the average gas temperature in the gap is negligibly small. It was hypothesized that the most intense decomposition takes place in the microdischarge channels, because the process of gas heating in the gap begins inside them.