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介绍了苯酚氯气系列衍生产品对氯苯酚,邻氯苯酚,2,4-二氯苯酚,2,6-二氯苯酚,2,4,6-三氯苯酚以及五氯茉酚的生产工艺进展情况,并对其应用实例进行了分述。 相似文献
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2001年以来美国、西欧和日本氯苯消费量持续减少,平均每年减少3.6%。原因是若干氯苯下游产品开始采用成本更低的非氯苯生产工艺,以及在生产过程尽可能少用氯苯;氯苯作为溶剂的应用也在减少。发达国家之间氯苯的消费结构也不同,单氯苯所占比例西欧为63%,美国为60%,日本仅为31%。日本主要使用对二氯苯,将其用于制造聚苯硫醚工程塑料。发达国家单氯苯的主要用途是制造硝基氯苯,用于生产染料/颜料,橡胶助剂及制药等领域。邻二氯苯在美国,南美洲和西欧用于制造3,4一二氯苯胺,用以生产除草剂。 相似文献
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本文介绍了两种可用以代替三氯苯合成铜酞菁的有机溶剂,它们的价格较低,再生也较容易并可循环使用。实验中发现:在使用的时候,如仍用原来的三氯苯工艺在产品中会带有一种黄褐色杂质,它的存在严重影响了产品的质量,因此,必须改革原有的工艺才能得到高质量的产品。 相似文献
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本文介绍了两种可用以代替三氯苯合成铜酞菁的有机溶剂,它们的价格较低,再生也较容易并可循环使用。实验中发现:在使用的时候,如仍用原来的三氯苯工艺在产品中会带有一种黄褐色杂质,它的存在严重影响了产品的质量,因此,必须改革原有的工艺才能得到高质量的产品。 相似文献
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氟哌酸中间体氟氯苯胺的开发 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文介绍氟哌酸中间体氟氯苯胺的六条合成路线,以及氟氯苯胺的斟内市场及生产情况,并对国内外氟氯苯胺产品进行了比较,对国产氟氯苯胺的发展提出了建议。 相似文献
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Solid solutions of diphosphates of zinc and copper and of zinc and cobalt were synthesized from mixtures of pure diphosphates at temperatures up to 1000°C. Their X-ray diffractometry patterns varied continuously from one end member to the other. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cox(PO4 )2, with x = 0.4–1.6, were formed at temperatures up to 950°C; all exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn3−x Cux (PO4 )2 exhibited more-complex behavior. At 1000°C and copper contents of 20–80 mol%, a phase that is related to Cu3 (PO4 )2, termed here the "ε-phase," predominated. At 850°–950°C and in the region from 20 mol% to ∼33 mol% of copper, the solid solutions (the "η-phase") adopted the structure of graftonite. At 800°–900°C and 10–15 mol% of copper, the solid solutions exhibited a new structure (the "δ-phase"), which we found to be related to the mineral sarcopside. At temperatures 950°C, the solutions that contained 5–15 mol% of copper (the "β-phase") had the structure of β-Zn3 (PO4 )2, whereas at 800°–850°C, solutions with 5 mol% of copper (the "-phase") exhibited the structure of γ-Zn3 (PO4 )2. Attempts to synthesize Cu+ ZnPO4 and Cu+ Cu2+ Zn3 (PO4 )3 were unsuccessful. 相似文献
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为了提高油田的生产效率,设计最佳的油气集输处理的工艺流程,更好地完成油气水分离处理的任务。对油气集输工艺技术进行优化,发挥高效油气水分离处理设备的优势,提高油气水处理的质量,保证油气集输工艺顺利实施,获得最佳的油田产量外输。 相似文献
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建设创新型国家是我们中华民族的历史责任。“自主创新、重点突破、支撑发展、引领未来”的16字方针应当成为我们未来创新活动的指南。建设创新型国家把自主创新放在首位,并提出了引领未来的高标准要求。钢铁科技创新必须突出重点,抓住创新成果产业化这个关键,支撑起行业和国民经济的发展。 相似文献
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相比已经完善丰富的开采和勘探技术,油气的运输以及储存却仍然存在不足之处。我国对能源安全提出更加严格要求的同时,对区域经济的发展规划也有足够重视。因此,保障油气管道的安全则成为了我国能源安全战略的重中之重。在阐释油气管道现阶段在储运安全保障技术发展状况的基础上,分析了现存的问题及解决问题的手段,并指出未来可能使用的目标策略,为今后研究者提供一定程度上的借鉴经验。 相似文献
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膜的污染和劣化及其防治对策 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25
较为系统地介绍了膜污染和劣化的定义和特点,因膜污染和劣化而造成的膜性能变化,以及如何预防、减少或清除膜污染和劣化的一些通用方法。 相似文献
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James L. White David G. Salladay David O. Quisenberry Donald L. MacLean 《应用聚合物科学杂志》1972,16(11):2811-2827
Gel permeation chromatographic (GPC) and thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) studies of polystyrene, polybutadienes (BR), and their copolymers (SBR) have been carried out. GPC primarily separates them on the basis of molecular size, and TLC, on the basis of composition. Methods of obtaining absolute molecular weight distributions for BR and SBR based upon variations of the Strasbourg Universal Calibration procedure are described. In particular, [η]–M relationships in both the GPC solvent (THF) and in a second solvent (toluene) were used; in addition, results of statistical mechanical calculations for \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\overline {s^2 }$\end{document} (based on the assumption of negligible steric hindrance and freely rotating bonds) were applied. An experimental comparison of these methods was carried out, and use of the [η]–M relationships for both solvents was found to give satisfactory results. The predictions of the statistical theory were too low. A detailed study of polymer–solvent–gel interaction in the GPC unit was made through investigation of ternary phase equilibrium in the (polystyrene)–THF–(polymer) system. The polymers studied included BR and SBR with varying styrene contents. Experimental techniques for TLC separations of BR, SBR, and polystyrene according to the composition are described. 相似文献