刚性桩复合地基设计与实测研究

 桩土应力比与沉降是复合地基设计的2个重要参数,针对复合地基设计中难以考虑位移协调的情况,通过对地基基础共同作用方程进行简化,建立考虑桩土位移协调的设计分析方法,并结合广东地区3个不同类型刚性桩复合地基上建筑物在施工期间的沉降与桩土应力监测实例,得到桩土荷载分担以及沉降的变化规律。实测结果表明,所采用的地基承载力和沉降计算方法较好地反映了工程实际状况,比规范方法更加接近实际情况,研究成果可供今后类似工程设计参考。     

长板-短桩复合地基加固效果现场试验研究

以宁波穿山港站软基处理工程为背景,对长板-短桩复合地基进行了现场试验,归纳、总结了复合地基关键物理量的变化规律。试验研究表明:在整个施工过程中,地基土在短时间内产生了较大沉降,长板-短桩复合地基可取得较好的处理效果;排水板的存在以及搅拌桩将上部荷载向深层土体的传递,加速了深层土体的排水固结,引起了深层地基土的沉降;桩端的刺入作用以及桩间土孔隙水的排出,引起桩顶荷载逐渐向桩周土转移,加强了桩土协调能力,使得其沉降更加均匀。     

高速铁路CFG桩筏复合地基沉降特性试验研究

对京沪高速铁路CFG(Cement Fly-ash Gravel)桩筏复合地基进行了现场试验研究,实测了桩顶、两桩中心、四桩中心处桩间土体的沉降值及路基面沉降值,深入分析了桩顶、两桩中心、四桩中心处桩间土体的沉降及路基面沉降随荷载和固结时间的变化规律,对CFG桩筏复合地基的沉降特性进行深入研究,得到以下主要结论:沉降主要发生在加载期间,即沉降快速发展阶段,期间桩顶、桩间土沉降均占总沉降的60%左右;CFG桩加固区沉降约占相应总沉降的1/4,下卧层沉降约占3/4;路基面沉降曲线成锅形分布,路基中间沉降量较大,路基两侧较小;地基沉降—荷载—时间规律可分为3个阶段,即沉降快速发展阶段、沉降发展阶段和沉降基本稳定阶段;超载预压对于减少工后沉降是必要的,预压3个月后,地基沉降基本上趋于稳定,路堤的预压静置时间应不小于3个月。     

CM长短桩复合地基的设计及应用

CM长短桩复合地基由刚性桩、半刚性桩、天然地基土和褥垫层组成,具有较大的灵活性,可充分发挥桩间土、刚性桩和半刚性桩三者的潜能。理论和实践均表明:CM长短桩复合地基可以有效提高地基承载力,减小建筑物沉降量,降低差异沉降。这种复合地基的设计及应用研究具有很好的理论价值和应用价值。     

高铁不同刚度桩-网复合地基工作性状差异

结合沪宁城际铁路CFG桩网复合地基试验段和京沪高铁砂桩网复合地基昆山试验段,在现场试验断面埋置土压力盒、沉降计和孔隙水压计等监测仪器,获取地基沉降、桩和桩间土压力、孔隙水压等监测数据,对比分析CFG桩与砂桩网在高速铁路地基工作性状及工后沉降控制效果中的差异。分析结果表明:CFG桩网和砂桩网联合堆载预压均可满足高速铁路无砟轨道工后沉降控制要求,CFG桩网复合地基沉降总量与沉降速率均小于砂桩网复合地基,且收敛速度快;受桩刚度差异的影响,CFG桩网复合地基与砂桩网复合地基桩土应力规律存在较大差异,前者桩土应力比随着路堤填筑加载而增大,最终趋于稳定,后者桩土应力比随荷载增加先增大后减小,再增大,呈波浪形变化;CFG桩网地基超孔压消散速率远小于砂桩桩网地基的超孔压消散速率;在施工工期较短的情况下,与砂桩网复合地基相比,CFG桩网复合地基处理技术的工后沉降控制效果更优。     

有桩建筑物倾斜的纠倾方法分析

某4层建筑物地基土为软土,基础计算采用减沉复合疏桩法设计,紧贴建筑物北侧为小区道路,路基填土高度为2.3 m。填土引起建筑物南北沉降差约为90 mm,建筑物向北倾斜。现场实测与计算表明:采用传统的冲水排土法纠倾,在有桩情况下不能获得理想的纠倾效果,还会导致地基土的塑性流动,影响建筑物的稳定性。采用截桩迫降法实施纠倾后,北侧桩减载比例可达46%,北侧地基土压力也有明显的减少,同时南侧地基土压力显著增加,平抑了北侧填土引起的沉降。停止纠倾后,建筑物的沉降量约为20 mm。     

水泥土搅拌桩复合地基沉降计算方法浅析

1 前言 水泥土搅拌桩是一种介于刚性桩和柔性桩之间的具有一定压缩性的半刚性桩,它与桩间土共同作用的复合地基亦具有一定的压缩性。因此,在复合地基设计时,除应考虑建筑物上部荷载要求外,还应考虑如何控制相对沉降量,即复合地基的变形,使上部结构与地基相协调,避免引起建筑物的沉降过大或不均匀沉降。 复合地基的变形计算方法较多,且其变形与地质条件、上部荷载分布、桩体的设计参数等都有密切关系。现就太原市河西区所进行的较典型的水泥土搅拌桩复合地基施工后建筑物沉降实测值与几种理论计算值之间相比较,以选择接近地区实际的经验     

长短桩复合地基变形模式及沉降计算研究

本文针对道路工程中长短组合桩型复合地基变形,通过理论分析和现场试验,研究了深厚软土中长短组合桩复合地基的变形模式及长短组合桩复合地基沉降量计算方法,并且通过试验路段进行验证,为道路工程中长短组合桩复合地基的沉降计算推荐了一种可靠方法.     

多桩型复合地基在寒区的观测及应用

将多桩型复合地基首次应用在寒区工程中,采用短桩来加固浅部土层,提高地基承载力;采用长桩来控制建筑物沉降的设计理念。通过在工程中的试验及测试,满足地基承载力要求,并减少了工后沉降,节省了工程造价。为多桩型复合地基在寒区的应用和发展奠定了的基础。     

桥头段刚性桩复合地基现场观测结果分析

对于深厚软土路基,桥面和路面之间常发生较大的沉降差,产生“桥头跳车”现象。浙江台州浃里陈大桥对低强度桩复合地基处理桥头段软土路基进行了试验研究,并采用变桩长的方式调整桥面和路面的沉降差。采用复合地基使该桥头段的路基沉降减少了2/3,加固效果明显。由于采用了不同的桩长,复合地基沉降沿路堤长度方向分布是均匀的。对现场观测结果进行了分析,包括对路堤下桩顶和桩间土的土压力及沉降和复合地基分层沉降观测结果的分析。     

采用碎石桩加固龙口电厂地基

龙口电厂建于山东省可液化的软土层地基上。该软土容许承载力[R]=117kPa。设计要求其容许承载力[R]>245kPa。采用碎石桩加固该软土取得了明显的效果。本文记述了现场试验和建筑物的沉降观测。现场试验包括:①测定振冲器水平振动力作用下产生的地面加速度以及制桩时引起的地面加速度与距振点距离之间的关系;②采用底面积为3.2m×3.2m的大型载荷试验和底面积为0.25m~2、0.5m~2的小压板载荷试验;③测定地基土在制桩前后的标准贯入击数和比贯入阻力的变化,用跨孔法测动力参数的变化;④设置碎石桩前后超孔隙水压力的变化;⑤地面标高的变化。目前建筑物的最大沉降量为40mm。     

Single fluid jet-grout strength and deformation properties

The use of sub-horizontal jet-grout columns in the construction of soft ground tunnels is a popular method to provide excavation support. The sequential installation of jet-grout columns in a tunneling environment will result in the jet-grout columns being loaded in a staged manner, resulting in the jet-grout material properties and installation order affecting the magnitude and distribution of surface settlements and face deformations. A laboratory program was carried out to quantify the short-term (<24 h) development of strength and stiffness of a grout with a composition similar to that found in the construction of jet-grout columns. The laboratory tests were conducted at 8 °C to simulate the ground temperatures. Also the laboratory test cylinders were insulated to simulate the boundary condition differences between 600-mm-diameter jet-grout columns in soil and the 76-mm-diameter laboratory samples.     

粉砂地层盾构近距离侧穿已有建筑的控制技术

依托穗莞深城际轨道太平隧道工程,在其侧穿一多层房屋时,采用控制地层损失与旋喷桩加固土体相结合的方式,很好地保护了现有房屋的安全与正常使用状态。通过分析隧道穿越过程中房屋的实测变形规律,并进行有限元数值分析,比较了有无旋喷桩和地层损失率对土体垂直位移、房屋角点沉降、房屋整体倾斜、土体深层水平位移的变化规律。分析结果表明,设置旋喷桩和控制地层损失均能有效减小沉降和土体位移,但控制地层损失的效果远比设置旋喷桩要明显。随着地层损失的增大,土体水平位移曲线由“勺”型渐变至S型,最大水平位移位置逐渐上移且位于隧道的上边界附近。     

南京南站钢管混凝土柱及叠合柱施工技术

南京南站为第三代客运站房,具有结构新颖、空间舒适的特点,首层柱部分采用钢管混凝土叠合柱,2层以上至屋面以下采用钢管混凝土柱,钢管最大直径1 600mm。通过创新地脚螺栓安装、钢管柱吊装、焊接及管内混凝土施工工艺与质量检测技术,合理安排钢管柱安装与钢筋混凝土施工的交叉作业,有效地解决了施工过程中的各种难题。通过样板试验、缩尺模型切开,验证了钢管混凝土施工质量可控。     

Experimental behaviour of thin-walled hollow structural steel (HSS) columns filled with self-consolidating concrete (SCC)

In modern building construction, thin-walled hollow structural steel (HSS) sections are often filled with concrete to form a composite column. In recent years, the use of self-consolidating concrete (SCC), or self-compacting concrete, in such kinds of columns has been of interest to many structural engineers. Due to its rheological properties, the disadvantage of vibration can be eliminated while still obtaining good consolidation. Apart from reliability and constructability, advantages such as elimination of noise in processing plants, and the reduction of construction time and labor cost can be achieved. It is expected that SCC will be used in concrete-filled HSS columns in the future because of its good performance. However, the composite members are susceptible to the influence of concrete compaction. The lack of information on the behavior of HSS columns filled with SCC indicates a need for further research in this area.The present study is an attempt to study the possibility of using thin-walled HSS columns filled with SCC. New test data on 38 HSS columns filled with SCC to investigate the influence of concrete compaction methods on the member capacities of the composite columns are reported. The specimen tests allowed for the different conditions likely to arise in the manufacture of concrete: cured, well compacted with a poker vibrator, well compacted by hand, and self-consolidating without any vibration. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) column section type, circular and square; (2) tube diameter (or depth) to thickness ratio, from 33 to 67; and (3) load eccentricity ratio (e/r), from 0 to 0.3 mm. Comparisons are made with predicted column strengths using the existing codes such as AISC-LRFD-1999, AIJ-1997, BS5400-1979, EC4-1994, DL5085/T-1999 and GJB4142-2000.     

浅析岩溶地区桩基施工技术措施

某综合楼的桩基础采用冲孔灌注桩,但该场区岩溶较发育,通过对溶洞的大小、形状及漏浆的严重性进行分析,分别采取不同的施工措施及方案,顺利完成桩基础施工,并取得了较好的技术、经济和质量效果。     

Numerical modelling and validation of geosynthetic encased columns in soft soils with installation effect

If the bearing capacity of the soil is not sufficient an improvement method has to be considered. In case of soft and cohesive soils the vibroreplacement technique can be used. This paper describes the numerical simulation of a group of encased granular columns under an embankment based on a real life project situated to the north of Hamburg, Germany. The soft soil creep model and the hardening soil model were used to model the behaviour of the soft clay and granular material respectively. The material parameters were determined based on laboratory tests conducted on test samples from the field. The installation effect of columns in numerically modelled based on the cavity expansion method in a 2D axis symmetric model. The results of the installation effect in terms of stress state changes in the soft soil after complete consolidation are then imported to the 3D model involving group of columns. The results of the numerical simulations are validated against field measurement data in form of vertical settlement of the ground at various locations with respect to time and horizontal deformations in the encased columns with depth.     

冲吸式钻孔灌注桩的抗拔承载力

本文根据轻亚粘土及粉砂中14根（D-45,60cm,L=4.2～6.0m）抗拔和2根（D=60cm,L=9.0～12m）抗压原型桩的试验结果讨论了桩长对极限抗拔侧摩阻力的影响以及单桩抗拔与抗压侧摩阻力与桩顶位移的发展规律。提出了单桩拔、压侧摩阻力比值随桩入土深度变化的数值。观测了不同入土深度的试桩在加载过程中柱周地面的变形。还提供了桩距S=2D的双桩抗拔的桩群效率系数值（η=0.9）。     

Three-years operation experience of a ground source heat pump system in Northern Greece

The paper presents the basic parameters and the energy flows of a ground source heat pump system (GSHP) used for air conditioning the New City Hall of Pylaia (Thessaloniki area—Northern Greece). The building is a typical public one, with an air-conditioned area of 1350 m². The ground source heat pump installation is the largest in Greece, and its operation is monitored with the aid of a DAQ system. The energy flows presented in the paper are based on DAQ recordings of the first 3 years of system's operation. It is proved that the energy demand of the system is significantly lower, compared to that of conventional heating and cooling systems. The seasonal COP of the system has not yet been stabilized, gradually increasing, as it is expected due to the operation of the ground heat exchanger.     

A new energy analysis tool for ground source heat pump systems

A new tool, suitable for energy analysis of vertical ground source heat pump systems, is presented. The tool is based on analytical equations describing the heat exchanged with the ground, developed in Matlab^® environment. The time step of the simulation can be freely chosen by the user (e.g. 1, 2 h etc.) and the calculation time required is very short. The heating and cooling loads of the building, at the afore mentioned time step, are needed as input, along with the thermophysical properties of the soil and of the ground heat exchanger, the operation characteristic curves of the system's heat pumps and the basic ground source heat exchanger dimensions. The results include the electricity consumption of the system and the heat absorbed from or rejected to the ground. The efficiency of the tool is verified through comparison with actual electricity consumption data collected from an existing large scale ground coupled heat pump installation over a three-year period.