Comparison of the total antioxidant status of Bohemian wines during the wine-making process

The total antioxidant status (TAS) of two white and two blue wine varieties from the ?ernoseky wine region (North Bohemia, Czech Republic) during the wine-making process was assessed by measurement with different radical scavenging assays: ABTS, DPPH and DMPD. Significant differences in the antioxidant activity between white and red wines were confirmed and changes of TAS during the wine production process were demonstrated. Moreover, differences were ascertained between individual varieties of red wine. No statistically significant relationship between the results provided by the ABTS and DPPH assays was found, obviously due to the fact that each phenolic substance in wine gives a different response to each specific radical used in the assay. The results obtained supported the assumption that variety plays a considerable role in TAS; the blue wine varieties showed a much higher TAS than did the white wines. The ABTS assay showed higher EQA (equivalents of ascorbic acid, mg/ml) values than the DPPH assay.     

番茄果胶和半纤维素抗氧化活性分析

为了探究番茄细胞壁中不同类型果胶和半纤维素的抗氧化活性,利用水、EDTA、Na₂CO₃、4% KOH和24% KOH溶液分步提取,得到水溶性果胶(WSP)、离子结合型果胶(CSP)、共价结合型果胶(SSP)、松散结合型半纤维素(LH)和紧密结合型半纤维素(TH)五种组分,对各组分进行了氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC)、DPPH自由基(DPPH·)清除能力、ABTS自由基(ABTS+·)清除能力和铁离子还原能力(FRAP)的分析。结果表明,番茄WSP含量显著高于CSP和SSP,为1.05 mg GalUA/g FW,TH含量显著高于LH(p<0.05),为0.09 mg Glu/g FW。番茄不同类型果胶和半纤维素均具有一定的抗氧化活性。其中,CSP的ORAC、DPPH·清除能力和ABTS+·清除能力较强,综合抗氧化活性较高。在5 mg/mL时,CSP的ORAC值相当于76.4 μmol/L Trolox,DPPH·和ABTS+·的清除率分别达到61.0%和99.8%。而SSP、LH和TH具有较强的FRAP。相关性分析表明各组分与抗氧化活性密切相关。研究结果为番茄的综合加工利用和作为功能性食品添加成分的开发提供了理论根据。     

A study of the antioxidant capacity of oak wood used in wine ageing and the correlation with polyphenol composition

The antioxidant capacity of oak wood used in the ageing of wine was studied by four different methods: measurement of scavenging capacity against a given radical (ABTS, DPPH), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Although the four methods tested gave comparable results for the antioxidant capacity measured in oak wood extracts, the ORAC method gave results with some differences compared to the other methods. Non-toasted oak wood samples displayed more antioxidant power than toasted ones due to differences in the polyphenol composition. A correlation analysis revealed that ellagitannins were the compounds mainly responsible for the antioxidant capacity of oak wood. Some phenolic acids, mainly gallic acid, also showed a significant correlation with antioxidant capacity.     

Phenolic composition,colour, antioxidant activity and mineral profile of Cabernet Sauvignon wines

Phenolic compounds and mineral content constitute important quality parameters of wines. It is probably during ageing, that the greatest number of polymerisation and condensation reactions occurs, notably modifying the composition of the wine. The aim of this study was to characterise Cabernet Sauvignon wines of different vintages from two regions in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. It was not possible to clearly observe an evolution of the phenolic content and colour parameters in the different vintages of the wines. The ABTS method gave higher antioxidant value than DPPH, which showed higher correlation with total polyphenols. Principal components analysis showed differences between the wines, especially in relation to vintage. Also, the study allowed a clear separation of wines in relation to place of vineyards in terms of mineral composition.     

Antioxidant capacity and the relationship with polyphenol and Vitamin C in Actinidia fruits

Fruit of eight Actinidia genotypes were evaluated for antioxidant potential by several assays (DPPH, ABTS, ORAC, FRAP, SASR and MCC) and tested for their polyphenol composition and vitamin C contents. The significance analysis demonstrated that the antioxidant capacity of Actinidia eriantha and Actinidia latifolia fruits were significantly higher than that of other genotypes, which was about 3.3–8.7-fold higher than the Actinidia deliciosa cv. Hayward assayed in ABTS, DPPH, ORAC and FRAP methods. The total polyphenols and vitamin C contents showed a great variety amongst Actinidia genotypes and highly correlation with the total antioxidant capacity. It is concluded that significant genotypic difference exists in the total antioxidant capacity of Actinidia fruits. The wild A. eriantha and A. latifolia species have significantly higher antioxidant capacity than the cultivars of A. chinensis and A. deliciosa. Both total polyphenols and vitamin C are major contributors to the total antioxidant capacity in Actinidia fruit.     

改良的DPPH与ABTS自由基法评价不同葡萄籽油抗氧化能力

本研究采用改良的1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl,DPPH)法和2,2'-联氮双-(3-乙基苯并噻唑林-6-磺酸)二胺盐[2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothi azoline-6-sulfonic acid)ammonium salt,ABTS]法测定不同方法提取葡萄籽油极性部分、非极性部分及全油的抗氧化能力,测定不同葡萄籽油多酚含量,研究多酚与葡萄籽油极性部分抗氧化能力的相关性。热榨毛油与溶剂法毛油在经过精炼后多酚含量和抗氧化能力显著降低;在溶剂法精炼油、热榨法精炼油、低温压榨油、超临界CO_2萃取葡萄籽油中,低温压榨油极性部分清除DPPH与ABTS自由基的能力最强,低温压榨油的多酚含量最高,超临界CO_2萃取葡萄籽油非极性部分与低温压榨油全油的DPPH与ABTS自由基清除能力最强;各不同葡萄籽油总酚含量与极性部分DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除能力具有显著的正相关性。     

药桑葡萄酒发酵工艺优化及体外抗氧化与结合胆酸盐能力研究

本研究以提高总酚和黄酮保存率为目的,探究药桑葡萄发酵工艺并研究药桑葡萄酒的抗氧化活性与结合胆酸盐能力.以药桑和葡萄为原料,通过单因素(接种量、温度、时间、原料质量比)结合响应面试验来确定药桑葡萄酒的最佳发酵工艺,并通过三种抗氧化体系(DPPH·、ABTS+·、·OH)来评价药桑葡萄酒的抗氧化活性,不同浓度的药桑葡萄酒与...     

Phenolics composition and antioxidant activity of wine produced from spine grape (Vitis davidii Foex) and Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata Michx.) fruits from South China

Wines made from 3 spine grape (Vitis davidii Foex) genotypes-Junzi 1# (JZ 1#), Junzi 2# (JZ 2#), and Liantang (LT)-and Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata Michx., CR) were evaluated for their phenolics composition and antioxidant activities by several assays, including 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS scavenging capacity, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity, and metal-chelating capacity). The results showed that CR wine had higher contents of total phenolics, total flavonoids, and oligomeric proanthocyanidins than the 3 spine grape genotype wines and Cabernet Sauvignon (CS) wine. Among the 3 varieties of spine grape wines, JZ 1# had higher contents than the 2 other genotypes. Moreover, the total monomeric anthocyanins in JZ 1# was about 4.5-fold higher than those in CS wine and CR wine. A significance analysis demonstrated that the antioxidant capacity (as measured by the ABTS scavenging capacity and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) of CR wine was significantly higher than that of the control and spine grape wines. With respect to metal-chelating capacity, the CR wine was the strongest amongst all the wine samples tested, followed by JZ 1#. This indicates that CR and JZ 1# wines can potentially be considered as wild fruit wines with abundant phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Spine grape (Vitis davidii Foex) and Cherokee rose (Rosa laevigata Michx.) are 2 species of important wild plants in South China. However, they have not yet been effectively developed and utilized. Recently, some researchers attempted to convert their juice to wine. We anticipate that this research will provide sufficient experimental evidence for their good antioxidant activity and potential for further development and utilization.     

Phenolic compounds and total antioxidant potential of commercial wines

Growing evidence of the role of free radicals and antioxidants in health and ageing has focussed great interest on these compounds. The relationship between the total antioxidant potential and the phenolic content of commercial wines was evaluated. A close relationship between total phenolic content and total antioxidant potential for all wines was observed. Capillary zone electrophoresis showed that, in red wines, gallic acid was the highest of the phenolic acids and (+)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin were the next most abundant phenolics. Also, these compounds were strictly correlated with the total antioxidant potential of wines. Total antioxidant potential, by bleaching of 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cations, using gallic acid as standard, could be a practical and simple measurement to evaluate the characteristics of different wines. Furthermore, capillary electrophoresis is a powerful and high-performing tool for evaluating principal antioxidant wine components.     

Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of Primitivo Wine: Comparison among Winemaking Technologies

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of 9 winemaking technologies (traditional, delestage, saignée, delayed punching‐down, addition of grape seed tannins, addition of ellagic‐skin‐seed tannins, heating of must‐wine, cryo‐maceration, and prolonged maceration) on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Primitivo musts and wines. Three methods for the determination of the antioxidant activity were compared: DPPH, β‐carotene bleaching assay, and ABTS. Oenological parameters and composition of the phenolic fraction of 1‐y‐aged wines was also determined. The addition of tannins allowed the increase of the phenolic content of musts and wines in a greater amount than the other technologies. The results concerning the antioxidant activity depended on the method applied. Concerning musts, the DPPH assay did not highlight great differences among technologies, whereas the addition of tannins allowed the obtainment of the highest antioxidant activity according to β‐carotene and ABTS assays. The wine aging determined an increase of the antioxidant activity, independently on the method applied. Wine obtained through traditional technology, saignée, and addition of tannins showed the highest antioxidant activities according to DPPH and β‐carotene. The highest correlation coefficients (0.961 and 0.932) were calculated between phenolic content and ABTS values of musts whereas the lowest values (0.413 and 0.517) were calculated between phenolic content and ABTS values of wines. Wines produced through traditional technology were the richest in anthocyanins. The addition of tannins allowed to obtain high content in monomeric anthocyanins, flavonoids, flavans reactive to vanillin, and coumaroylated malvidin and a low content in acetylated malvidin. Practical Applications: It is well known that a moderate consumption (equivalent to 2 glasses per day) of red wine is actually recommended since it appears associated with a decreased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The mechanisms involved in this protective effect are not completely understood although they appear related to the presence of phenolic compounds. To increase the intake of these compounds without increase of the wine consumption, it is necessary to improve their extraction during maceration. This study could represent a helpful tool for wineries aimed to know the way to increase the antioxidant content of their wines, thus changing them in functional beverages and prolonging their shelf life.     

液体深层发酵提高粤北大果山楂发酵液中主要活性成分含量及其抗氧化能力

本文研究了液体深层发酵对粤北大果山楂发酵液中主要活性成分及其抗氧化活性的影响。采用鼠李糖乳杆菌（LGG）对粤北三个不同产区的大果山楂进行液体深层发酵,测定不同发酵时间粤北大果山楂发酵液中的总酚、总黄酮、总三萜含量及其氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC）、氧自由基清除能力（PSC）、DPPH自由基清除率和ABTS自由基清除率。结果显示：粤北三个不同产区大果山楂发酵液中的主要活性成分和抗氧化活性没有显著性差异,且变化趋势比较接近。总酚和总三萜含量随发酵的进行先出现小幅上升,第3~4周达到最高,之后缓慢下降;总黄酮含量随发酵的进行逐渐上升,至第6周达到顶峰,最大增幅达到49.93%,之后总黄酮含量小幅下降。粤北大果山楂发酵液的ORAC、PSC、DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS自由基清除能力均随发酵时间的延长而逐渐提高,但第1~4周提高较快,随后提高的速度逐渐减缓,ORAC最大增幅为6.81%,PSC最大增幅为9.29%,DPPH最大增幅为56.42%,ABTS最大增幅为102.30%。研究表明：采用鼠李糖乳杆菌（LGG）对粤北大果山楂进行液体深层发酵,能提高发酵液中的总酚、总黄酮、总三萜等主要活性成分的含量及其抗氧化能力。     

三种中国传统干腌火腿中粗多肽的抗氧化与抑菌活性的比较

提取宣威火腿、金华火腿、如皋火腿中粗多肽并比较其体外抗氧化活性与抑菌活性。分别以三种干腌火腿为材料提取粗多肽,测定火腿中股二头肌部分的盐含量及火腿中粗多肽的肽含量。测定粗肽液清除DPPH自由基能力、铁离子还原能力、清除ABTS+自由基能力和氧自由基吸收能力并分析肽中氨基酸成分,比较三种火腿中粗多肽生物活性的差异。结果表明,宣威火腿盐含量显著低于其他两种火腿(p<0.05),粗多肽的肽含量显著高于如皋火腿(p<0.05);三种火腿粗多肽中都富含Glu和Asp,宣威火腿粗多肽中Val和Pro等疏水性氨基酸的含量显著高于其他两种火腿(p<0.05)。在质量浓度1.0、5.0 mg/mL时,宣威火腿粗肽液清除DPPH自由基能力最强;宣威火腿粗肽液铁离子还原能力和氧自由基吸收能力显著高于金华火腿及如皋火腿粗肽液(p<0.05);三种干腌火腿都具有较强的抑制大肠杆菌的能力,在质量浓度大于0.5 mg·mL-1时,宣威火腿与如皋火腿粗肽液抑制大肠杆菌能力显著大于金华火腿(p<0.05),抑菌率接近50%。与其它两种火腿粗多肽比较,宣威火腿粗肽中含有较高的肽含量和较多的疏水性氨基酸,宣威火腿粗肽液具有更高的抗氧化能力与抑菌能力。     

Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of selected China wines

Thirty-seven China wines, produced from different geographical origins, were examined in this study. The antioxidant activity of wines was measured by different analytical methods: oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing power, 2,2-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothialozine-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), hydroxyl radical-scavenger activity, superoxide radical-scavenger activity, lipid peroxidation and chelating capacity. Furthermore,total phenols, total flavonoids, total flavanols and total anthocyanins of wines were determined. As expected, the red wines had much higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity than rosé wines or white wines. Among the red wines, Cabernet Sauvignon and Muscat Hamburg, respectively, represented the wines with the highest and lowest phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity. Among the white wines, Italian Riesling had the lowest phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Taken together, a close relationship between phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity, for all wines, was observed.     

生物解离大豆蛋白酶解物体外模拟消化抗氧化活性变化

挤压膨化大豆在生物解离过程中,通过酶解（碱性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶）产生的大豆蛋白酶解物（soybean protein hydrolysate,SPH）有良好的抗氧化活性,因此,需要探索模拟胃肠道（gastrointestinal,GI）消化对蛋白酶解物抗氧化活性的影响。分别以蛋白酶（碱性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶）酶解得到的SPH和经过模拟GI消化后的产物作为研究对象,采用水解度、氨基酸组成、分子质量分布、氧化自由基吸收能力（oxidative radical absorption capacity,ORAC）、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除能力及2,2’-联氨-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)（2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt,ABTS）阳离子自由基清除能力对样品抗氧化活性进行分析。结果显示：相对于风味蛋白酶酶解,采用碱性蛋白酶进行酶解时抗氧化活性更高;但是经过模拟GI消化后,风味蛋白酶酶解得到的SPH抗氧化活性更高,ORAC为69.15 μmol/mg、DPPH自由基清除能力为27.29%、ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力为56.21%,肽的相对含量更高,为75.86%,并且肽中具有抗氧化活性的氨基酸含量更高,分子质量小于1 kDa的肽相对含量最高,为17.35%。     

葡萄、芒果、草莓乙醇提取物抗氧化活性组分分析及其抗氧化相互作用

利用高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术分析3种水果(葡萄、芒果、草莓)乙醇提取物的主要组成成分。建立2种体外抗氧化模型:1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)和2,2’-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate),ABTS),比较3种不同水果提取物在不同抗氧化模型中相互作用的能力。同时,利用等辐射分析法,分析以不同比例混合后,各物质之间抗氧化相互作用的差异。结果表明:葡萄提取物的总酚以及总黄酮含量最高,其次是草莓和芒果。草莓提取物中主要含有鞣花酸、花葵素-3-葡糖苷、花葵素-3-乙酰葡糖苷和花葵素-3-芸香苷等。芒果提取物主要含有鞣花酸、芒果苷和桑橙素等。葡萄提取物中主要含有反-白藜芦醇、花色苷等。同一组合,在不同抗氧化模型中表现出的活性不同,葡萄提取物体外抗氧化性较强,其次是芒果和草莓。同一模型中,抗氧化协同率最高的组合比例为草莓-芒果1∶9(DPPH模型)和草莓-芒果1∶1(ABTS模型)。     

海洋鱼蛋白低聚肽结构和抗氧化活性的体外消化稳定性

本研究通过体外模拟胃肠道消化海洋鱼蛋白低聚肽,运用高效凝胶过滤色谱、紫外全波长扫描、圆二色光谱表征其消化前后结构变化,测定其消化前后DPPH自由基清除率、ABTS自由基清除能力、铁离子还原能力(FRAP)及氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC)的变化,以探究模拟胃肠道消化对海洋鱼蛋白低聚肽结构及抗氧化活性的影响.分子量分布数据揭...     

Contributions of phenolics and added vitamin C to the antioxidant capacity of pomegranate and grape juices: synergism and antagonism among constituents

The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of sugar, organic acid, neutral phenol, and anthocyanin fractions and added ascorbic acid to grape and pomegranate‐nectarine juice total phenol, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) values. Neutral phenol and anthocyanin fractions contributed ≥75% of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) for both juices. Intrinsic synergy and antagonism among the fractionated constituents occurred inconsistently in each assay. Sugars and organic acids antagonised pomegranate juice neutral phenols and anthocyanins in the DPPH assay by 50% and the grape juice ORAC value by 21%, but were synergistic to the grape juice FRAP value. The added ascorbic acid was dose‐dependently synergistic with pomegranate and grape juice total phenol, DPPH and FRAP assays, but less so in the ORAC assay. Thus, the interactions between grape and pomegranate juice constituents determine TAC and total phenol values, and synergy in these assays could not be attributed solely to polyphenols.     

Effects of washing and membrane removal pretreatments on the antioxidant properties of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) protein hydrolysates produced by in vitro digestion

The effects of washing and membrane removal pretreatments on the antioxidant properties of grass carp protein hydrolysates prepared through in vitro digestion were investigated. Furthermore, antioxidant hydrolysate was fractionated using ultrafiltration membranes (10, 5, 3 and 1 kDa). Oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC), DPPH and ABTS‐scavenging activity in a gastrointestinal digest produced from pretreated minced grass carp was increased 1.74‐fold, 1.08‐fold and 1.72‐fold, respectively, compared to untreated minced carp. Compared to the alkaline protease hydrolysate, ORAC, ferric reducing antioxidant power, ABTS‐ and DPPH‐scavenging activity in a gastrointestinal digest prepared from pretreated minced carp were reduced by 11.5%, 60.9%, 16.3% and 78.4%, respectively. The ultrafiltration fraction (<1 kDa) displayed the highest antioxidant activity. The size of molecular weight and the amount of hydrophobic and aromatic residues in hydrolysates played an important role in antioxidant activity. Low‐molecular‐weight fish hydrolysates could serve as a potential source of functional ingredients for promoting health.     

超微粉碎对黑蒜粉末物理性质及抗氧化能力的影响

为评价超微粉碎对黑蒜粉末物理性质及抗氧化能力的影响,分别对超微粉碎与机械粉碎黑蒜粉末的休止角、松密度、持水性等理化性质进行比较分析,测定其多酚类物质提取率,同时采用DPPH自由基清除、Fe3+还原能力、ABTS+自由基清除能力、氧自由基吸收能力系统评价其体外抗氧化能力。并以人肝肿瘤细胞HepG2细胞为模型,测定其不同粉碎方式黑蒜的细胞抗氧化能力。结果显示,与机械粉碎相比,超微粉碎后的黑蒜粉末平均粒径较小,水溶性、溶胀度及多酚类物质的溶出率分别增加了26.84%、39.53%和31.76%,持水力及持油力等理化性质得到改善。抗氧化能力评价中,超微粉碎能力显著提高了黑蒜粉末的还原能力、DPPH和ABTS+自由基清除能力、总氧自由基吸收能力以及细胞内抗氧化活性。     

酪蛋白源七肽AVPYPQR在不同体系中抗氧化活性的构效关系比较

本文为了探讨酪蛋白源七肽AVPYPQR在不同体系中的抗氧化活性及构效关系,比较研究了AVPYPQR及其相关片段PYPQ、PYPQR、VPYPQ、VPYPQR和AVPYPQ在体外化学方法和细胞模型中的抗氧化能力。结果表明,在ABTS自由基清除能力和氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC)等体外化学方法中6条肽的活性都高于标准抗氧化剂Trolox,其中Val、Ala和Arg残基的同时存在降低AVPYPQR的ABTS自由基清除能力,而Arg残基存在提升了AVPYPQR的ORAC活性。在细胞氧化损伤模型中,6条多肽对AAPH诱导血红细胞溶血都有保护作用,其中AVPYPQR保护效果最好,Ala和Arg残基存在提升其保护效果;H2O2诱导Hep G2细胞氧化损伤模型中,除PYPQ,其他多肽都具有显著保护效果(p0.05),其中Ala、Val和Arg残基都可以提升保护效果,但是没有叠加作用。综上,除PYPQ,其它5条多肽在在体外化学方法和细胞模型中都表现出较强抗氧化活性,但无显著性相关,且不同方法中Val、Ala和Arg残基对AVPYPQR活性影响不同。