促进社会融合的中国低收入住区渐进式更新模式——“磁性社区”初探

针对当前我国城市低收入者面临的社会隔离、就业难、生活条件差等问题,归纳总结了欧美发达国家在解决低收入者居住问题上所经历的公共住房、混合住区、多元社区三个阶段的经验;并结合我国国情指出,大量的廉租房建设不能从根本上解决低收入者的问题,在当前无法实现居住混合与社会混合相结合的情况下,我国应该走一种以多元化混合社区为目标的过渡模式.以此为基础,提出了促进我国社会融合的低收入住区渐进式更新模式——“磁性社区”,探讨了“磁性社区”开放混合与动态生长的两个特点,并从社区边界、公共交通、功能业态、住宅类型和设施布局等方面提出“磁性社区”的更新方向,希望为解决我国低收入者的生存与发展问题提出一条发展思路.     

旧住宅区更新中探讨实现社会混居模式途径——以北京市西城区三里河一区一号院为例

本文以北京中心城区三里河一区一号院为研究对象,指出旧居住区环境面临衰败、产权关系复杂、改造困难等问题,探讨在改造过程中同时发展保障性住房和商品房,混合居住的城市更新模式。     

Creating Inclusive Communities through Balancing Social Mix: A Critical Relationship or Tenuous Link?

This paper explores some fundamental assumptions being linked by State Housing Authorities to 'social mix' strategies in contemporary Australian public housing estate regeneration policy. Six case-study estates, two each in New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland form the basis for the empirical analysis. The two major ideas emerging from South Australian and Queensland projects are: first that lowering concentrations of public housing and developing more mixed income communities offers a means to reconnect socially excluded public housing tenants to mainstream society; second that a balanced social mix is a prerequisite for the development of 'inclusive', 'sustainable' and 'cohesive' communities. However, in light of the empirical findings that strong cohesive communities already exist on some estates prior to regeneration commencing, there is no evidence that a balanced social mix is a necessary condition for building inclusive communities. Coupled with findings in the projects of inadvertent negative consequences of implementing social mix policies, the paper questions whether policy makers are over-emphasising the extent to which social mix assists regeneration.     

Korean apartment complexes and social relationships of the residents

Abstract

Korean apartment housing, where more than half of the population lives, has drawn attention with its spatial, historical, and cultural uniqueness. Among many questions on Korean apartments, this article explains how the socio-spatial characteristics of apartment housing have impacts on the social relationships among the residents. This article first analyses the historical, socio-cultural, and spatial characteristics of Korean apartments, and then synthesizes up-to-date empirical study results to examine how the diverse characteristics can be associated with the residents’ social relations. The empirical evidence clarifies the effects of Korean apartments’ characteristics on residents’ social relations—the exclusive complex design, spatial configurations, shared spaces including community facilities, heights of the units, public/private housing types, social homogeneity, and community programs are all associated with social relations of the residents. Key methodological problems in current studies as well as implications for future apartment planning are highlighted.     

Residential Satisfaction Among Public Housing Residents Living in Social-Mix Housing Complexes: The Case of the Seoul Metropolitan Area,Korea

Abstract

This study asks how a social mix policy that mixes public housing with private housing in the same housing complex is associated with residential satisfaction among public housing residents in Korea. We also ask if mixture types between public and private housing make a difference in the residential satisfaction of public housing residents. By analyzing the 2011 Korea Housing Survey for Public Housing Residents, we find that living in the independent type that includes only public housing and the random-mix type that randomly mixes public housing with private housing in the same building is positively related to residential satisfaction among public housing residents. The empirical analysis also shows that the levels of social conflict among residents are the lowest in the random-mix type.     

It can be done. Let's think how

This paper explores some fundamental assumptions being linked by State Housing Authorities to 'social mix' strategies in contemporary Australian public housing estate regeneration policy. Six case-study estates, two each in New South Wales, South Australia and Queensland form the basis for the empirical analysis. The two major ideas emerging from South Australian and Queensland projects are: first that lowering concentrations of public housing and developing more mixed income communities offers a means to reconnect socially excluded public housing tenants to mainstream society; second that a balanced social mix is a prerequisite for the development of 'inclusive', 'sustainable' and 'cohesive' communities. However, in light of the empirical findings that strong cohesive communities already exist on some estates prior to regeneration commencing, there is no evidence that a balanced social mix is a necessary condition for building inclusive communities. Coupled with findings in the projects of inadvertent negative consequences of implementing social mix policies, the paper questions whether policy makers are over-emphasising the extent to which social mix assists regeneration.     

Contested incrementalism: Elemental’sQuinta Monroy settlement fifteen years on

Quinta Monroy is an award-winning co-designed settlement for 93 families on half a hectare of land at Iquique in northern Chile. Neighbors’ complaints about the disorderly settlement peaked after the landowner’s death and provoked untenured residents to seek government subsidies to redevelop the settlement. From 2003, a government social housing project was coordinated by the “Elemental” architecture firm with US$10,000 per household. With the resident’s temporary relocation, 93 modular and interlinked apartments were built around a series of courtyards. These apartments, which were designed as “half-houses,” were subsequently co-opted by residents adding rooms in locations planned in advance by Elemental. Many households have since doubled the size of their apartment and reformed the settlement in ways not anticipated by Elemental. This paper details a spatial and ethnographic study of the Quinta Monroy settlement since redevelopment to identify opportunities and risks that accompany this type of social housing model. The study reveals evidence that residents’ capacities to enlarge apartments commonly exceeds the architect’s expectations and that unregulated expansions often compromise the settlement’s livability. This research anticipates further opportunities for expansion in this semi-regulated settlement and investigates possibilities that another contested slum settlement may emerge.     

功能复合与形象再造——江西省新余市公共资源交易中心办公大楼设计

该文以江西省新余市公共资源交易中心办公大楼为例,通过对前期的对象研究以及设计理念的剖析,阐述了政府建筑从功能与形式两个方面如何进行设计与思考的过程。功能复合与形象再造是创造性的建构,其结果必然呈现出新的体验和新的模式。如何以建筑形态来表达和传递政府建筑的时代特点,同时展现出独有的建筑识别性和地域文化成为建筑形象设计关注的重点。笔者意在通过对设计思路的总结,结合当下政府的职能转变以及新的设计理念、社会观念和建造方式的出现,探寻一种新的政府建筑的设计方法与途径。     

A Warm Meal and a Bed: Intersections of Housing and Food Security in Vancouver's Downtown Eastside

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the relationships between housing, food security, and health. We begin by reviewing the current literature on the intersections of housing and food security, emphasizing the current gaps in knowledge in the areas of building infrastructure, in-house food programs, and building context for social housing. Derived from the literature review, we present a model designed to highlight the relationships between food, housing, and health. Following this, we provide a case study of housing and food security for residents of the Downtown Eastside. By examining the experiences of residents struggling to find both food and shelter within a very low-income context, we underscore the ways in which food, health, and housing intersect. We conclude by outlining future research directions that will enhance understanding of these intersections.     

民众观念在聚落空间中的日常存续:基于甘孜老城区檐廊空间的扩展分析

民族地区的民众观念通过日常生活在聚落生活空间中表现出来。在甘孜县老城区的传统街区空间形态中,民众观念表达的方式颇具典型性,藉此扩展,我们发现丰富的地方生活为我们提供了在建筑空间中探究民众观念的别样路径。本文将通过对甘孜县城老城区的檐廊空间的研究,揭示民众观念在聚落空间的日常存续肌理。在老城区不同的檐廊空间中,我们发现：日常生活中的社会互动,上层意识形态与日常生活的融汇,以及建筑形态中地方生活的烙印,这些方式一起构成了民众观念在传统聚落空间中的存续形态。     

Tokyo’s Dojunkai experiment: courtyard apartment blocks 1926–1932

Dojunkai apartments were constructed by the Japanese Government as a work of relief, after the Great Kanto Earthquake in Tokyo. These apartments were leading examples in concrete construction in Japan and were innovative in their exterior space design ideas and building organizational themes. Dojunkai apartments were designed not only as solutions to particular sites, but as possible models for the further development of well-planned, secure, and communal neighbourhood style residential developments. During 1920–1930, Japanese architects and designers were actively involved in experimenting with foreign concepts of urban remodelling and town planning. However while these town-planning concepts and theories were embraced by Japanese architects and town planners, the resultant apartment complexes suggest that they endeavoured to adapt and transform them to suit Japanese sensibilities and urban requirements. This paper examines the nature of these adaptations and transformations. The principles of exterior space design are deployed to examine and identify patterns in building arrangement and exterior space design for six selected Dojunkai apartments. This paper discusses the pre-existing models of urban planning in Japan to establish a relationship between the adopted foreign town-planning models and the pre-existing ideas of urban settlements in the Japanese society.     

Opportunity or Loss? Health Impacts of Estate Renewal and the Relocation of Public Housing Residents

Estate renewal programs can have positive and negative impacts on the health and wellbeing of public housing residents. We aimed to investigate the potential health impacts of relocating residents as part of the redevelopment of a public housing estate in South Western Sydney, New South Wales. In-depth interviews were undertaken with public housing residents as well as with informants from local health and housing authorities. We found that a range of current and potential health impacts were linked to individual residents’ responses to the processes of estate redevelopment and relocation, housing and neighbourhood quality, residents’ social networks and access to social and health care services. Improved housing quality and maintenance, a personalised approach to relocation and equitable access to services were identified to contribute to positive health outcomes.     

Green Apartments in Nanjing China: Do Developers and Planners Understand the Valuation by Residents?

The Chinese government promotes green construction as part of the strategy to reduce energy consumption. In practice, green construction can be impeded because various stakeholders valuate green attributes in different ways. This paper uses the analytic hierarchy process to analyse the extent to which developers and planners understand the valuation of green apartment attributes by residents in Nanjing. Results show that buyers of green apartments rank green attributes lower than safety and accessibility, and rank healthy construction materials and comfort much higher than thermal isolation or reduced energy costs. Green developers tend to focus on aspects that define their margin, such as green attributes and locational benefits and overlook the social needs, which are not addressed in building codes and not under their control. They have better understanding of green residents' priorities with health issues; planners are more familiar with the social needs of residents and lack green marketing knowledge.     

Community Catalyst: Building a Water Sanitation System for Social Inclusion in Winneba,Ghana

Located on the coast of the Gulf of Guinea in Ghana, West Africa, the city of Winneba boasts one of the important ecological wetlands inscribed on the list of Ramsar Sites. However, Winneba faces daunting environmental, economic and social challenges—e.g. water sanitation crisis, infrastructure deficiency, environmental degradation, gender inequality, and social conflicts—interacting with each other to create a vicious cycle. Based on a collaborative workshop, a “crowd-sourcing” decisionmaking process, on-site fieldworks, and an Interactive Web Map, the project team develops in-depth study of the social context and traditional customs of Winneba. A water sanitation system, also as a network of public spaces that facilitates ecological and social improvement, is proposed. It includes drainage systems, rain gardens, water kiosks, orchards, public biogas toilets, and organic waste collection stations. Combining a three-phase implementation, i.e. establish the concept of public space, create a site through collaborative work, and connect communities, the project team introduces a bottom-up incentive system that encourages local community residents to collaborate and participate in constructing and maintaining the public space system for their communities, so as to improve the wellbeing of the communities and the city. Not just proving a design strategy for a kind of public space or a plan for a network of urban green space system, this project sets an exemplar to long-term sustainable management of water sanitation system through self-government of residents and communities in developing countries.     

基于BT 模式的保障房融资模式分析与创新探索

保障性住房建设在改善民生、促进和谐社会建设及抑制房价过快增长等方面有着重要的作用,在“十二五”规划期间我国政府进一步强调要加大保障房的建设力度,然而资金缺口问题是保障房建设的巨大障碍,因此,如何拓宽保障房融资渠道,建立实用有效的融资模式是目前亟待解决的问题。通过学习其他学者对BT 模式在城市轨道交通中的应用研究,结合保障房与城市轨道交通的特性与共性,分析了BT 模式在保障房建设中承包商与政府面临的问题,引入第三方提出新的融资模式并予以分析,从而为我国保障房建设走出融资困境提供帮助。     

当代城市住区的社会交往层次和问题探析--从宗族聚落到城市居住区

居民在楼栋内的交往在国内的设计中往往是被忽略的一个部分,往往一栋楼就是若干个标准户型拼接然后加上垂直交通空间,居民交往的可能被寄希望于室外的公共场地。这些交通空间也被压缩到了刚好能满足使用的地步,楼内户与户之间的交流不被强调,而这恰好是我们生活中所缺乏的中间层次交往。这个层次的交往可以把人们从完全的套型内活动中吸引出来,也能和外部的社会交往有一个好的链接。     

Privatization And Public Participation In Israeli Urban Life

ABSTRACT: It has been argued that when most urban dwellers build private social networks they still fail to participate in public life. This has led to increased urban political paralysis and more socially isolated individuals. The authors test this hypothesis in a survey of middle class condominium residents in the Tel Aviv metropolitan area. The survey area is a low-moderate rise, high-density urban system with a majority of residents living in owner occupied apartments and with 38% of the working population getting to their jobs by public transportation. Data analysis indicates that the hypothesis fails to hold. Central city and suburban residents still make considerable use of the downtown area. These middle class residents participate in public life on the neighborhood level and on the broader metropolitan level. They also have rich private social networks which support a public network.     

唐山市发展社会力量兴办高端老年公寓的思考

文章从唐山市老龄化和经济条件入手阐述发展社会力量兴办高端老年公寓的可行性，并由现状养老机构存在的问题和政府相关扶持政策提出了唐山市发展社会力量兴办高端老年公寓可能遇到的问题的同时提出了一些对策。     

注重公众参与的安置区规划设计—以广州南沙广隆安置区为例

广州南沙广隆安置区规划中,采取了公众参与贯穿其全过程的做法,通过前期策划研究,形成初步方案及进行公众咨询反馈活动,最终形成了可为不同需求的居民提供多种选择的实施方案,实现了经济实用与美观舒适的平衡与统。     

Residents' Experiences in Condominiums: A Case Study of Australian Apartment Living

This research examines issues facing resident owners purchasing and living in condominiums in a major Australian tourist destination. The authors argue that the trend towards urban consolidation presents challenges for purchasers who buy ‘off the plan’ with the intention of self-occupation of apartments. Using a qualitative approach involving in-depth interviews of residents, the study identifies four main areas of concern for resident owners. Issues such as residential use, zoning, dispute resolution and the role of the caretaker are discussed. The study concludes that action is needed in order to reform body corporate legislation and to encourage local authorities to discharge responsibilities not just for planning but also for land use.