硫辛酸生产废水的处理及资源化研究

通过动态吸附试验,综合考虑吸附量、脱附效果确定资源化硫辛酸生产废水中硫辛酸的最佳树脂是NG-16大孔吸附树脂,最佳的工艺条件为:pH 5～5.5,室温,吸附流量3 BV·h-1,双柱串联处理量25 BV·批-1,在30℃下,用3 BV甲醇+2BV水脱附,流量为1 BV·h-1,高浓度脱附液调pH至7.2～7.8,蒸馏回收硫辛酸和甲醇,低浓度脱附液套用,每吨废水可回收纯度80%左右的硫辛酸1.1 kg.处理后废水中硫辛酸的质量浓度从1 300～1 500mg·L-1降为0,总硫的质量浓度从400～450mg·L-1降为0.05mg·L-1,B/C从0.30提高到0.65,为硫辛酸废水的后续处理提供了良好的条件.     

复合功能树脂NXD-2对水中邻苯二甲酸单丁酯的去除性能

酞酸单酯是水体环境中一类新型的环境激素污染物。以含叔胺基的复合功能树脂NXD-2为吸附剂,以邻苯二甲酸单丁酯(MBP)为目标污染物,通过吸附等温线、热力学、动力学和柱吸附脱附实验,考察了NXD-2对MBP的吸附性能。研究结果表明,NXD-2对MBP的吸附以氢键作用为主,在288~313 K的温度范围内,平衡吸附量随温度的升高而升高;升高温度有利于加快NXD-2对MBP的去除速率。柱吸附脱附研究表明,在进水浓度为300mg·L-1的高浓度条件下,吸附出水的前100 BV中,溶液中MBP的浓度低于检测限(10-g·L-1),说明NXD-2对MBP具有较高的处理深度;同时NXD-2具有较好的脱附效果,脱附体积达到20 BV时,脱附率接近100%。因此,复合功能树脂NXD-2作为一种吸附剂,在水体中酞酸单酯的去除方面具有良好的应用前景。     

复合铁酶促活性和普通活性污泥系统低温启动对比研究

对比研究了＜15℃的低温条件下复合铁酶促活性污泥和普通活性污泥系统的启动过程.结果表明,向2个平行试验装置投加等量的接种污泥,两系统在以下工况条件经32 d均成功启动:HRT为20 h,污泥龄30d,进水体积流量与回流污泥体积流量比200％,DO的质量浓度2.0～4.0 mg·L-1;培养过程中,复合铁酶促活性污泥系统比普通活性污泥系统污泥含量更高,系统启动速度快;对COD、NH3-N、PO43--P的平均去除率较普通活性污泥系统分别提高6.10.11个百分点;脱氢酶活性、NH3-N硝化速率、吸磷速率分别提高了5.20 μg·mg-1·h、3.15 mg·L-1.h-1、2.0mg·L-1·h-1,表明复合铁活性污泥系统在低温条件下较普通活性污泥系统具有更高的微生物活性.     

树脂吸附法处理苯甲醇生产废水

研究了树脂吸附法处理苯甲醇生产废水,考察了树脂吸附-脱附的影响因素,并优化了工艺参数。结果表明,超高交联大孔吸附树脂JX-101对苯甲醇具有良好的吸附-脱附性能,废水经固定床吸附工艺处理后,苯甲醇浓度从14000 mg·L-1降至25 mg·L-1,COD从34000 mg·L-1降至100 mg·L-1以下,苯甲醇和COD去除率均超过99%,出水水质达到国家一级排放标准,同时还可以从废水中回收得到纯度高达85%的苯甲醇。该技术工艺操作简便,运行稳定可靠,为苯甲醇生产废水的治理和资源化提供了实验依据。     

久置、好氧及厌氧污泥对亚甲蓝的吸附性能研究

用久置污泥、好氧活性污泥、厌氧活性污泥对阳离子染料亚甲蓝进行吸附研究,考察了吸附平衡时间、吸附等温线、吸附动力学、pH、离子浓度.污泥量对吸附亚甲蓝的影响.结果表明,3种污泥对亚甲蓝都具有良好的吸附效果,好氧活性污泥对亚甲蓝的吸附等温式同时符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程,久置污泥和厌氧活性污泥对亚甲蓝的吸附更符合Freundlich 方程;3种污泥对亚甲蓝的吸附行为符合很2级反应动力学;pH<2时3种污泥对亚甲蓝的去除率偏低,久置污泥和好氧活性污泥在pH3～12、厌氧活性污泥在pH5～12对亚甲蓝的吸附性能稳定;10mg·L~(-4)的醋酸钠可以有效促进3种污泥对亚甲蓝的吸附,促进作用随着醋酸钠浓度的升高逐渐减弱,但高浓度的醋酸钠对亚甲蓝的吸附没有明显影响.     

好氧颗粒污泥对Pb2+、Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附

采用序批式活性污泥法反应器培养的好氧颗粒污泥作为吸附剂对Pb2+、Cu2+、Cd2+进行吸附,研究单一吸附及竞争吸附行为,探讨了pH、初始含量、平衡时间以及共存离子等对吸附过程的影响。结果表明,在一定范围内,吸附量随pH和金属离子初始含量升高而升高,20 min能到到吸附平衡;共存体系中的吸附量低于单种离子吸附,3种离子共存时,Pb2+、Cu2+、Cd2+的吸附量分别为单种离子吸附的43.80%、43.01%和18.95%。     

树脂吸附法资源化回收草甘膦工艺研究

采用吸附法研究了LX-9弱碱性阴离子吸附树脂对废水中草甘膦的吸附工艺,探索了吸附温度、进料浓度和进料速度几个因素对草甘膦吸附率的影响.结果表明:在5℃的吸附温度,1.0％的草甘膦进料浓度和2 BV/h的进料速度下,草甘膦的吸附性能最好.回收工艺中草甘膦吸附率达85％,脱附率达90.6％,工艺经济性好,可给生产企业带来经济效益.     

壳聚糖对废水中Cu(Ⅱ)吸附研究

用正交实验考察了pH、Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度、温度等因素对壳聚糖吸附废水中Cu(Ⅱ)的影响.结果表明各因素对壳聚糖吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的影响关系为:pH＞Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度＞温度,其最佳组合为pH为7,Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度5mg·L-1,温度为15℃,Cu(Ⅱ)最高吸附率达98.85%;等温吸附曲线拟合表明,Langmuir模型、...     

吸附-热再生法回收废水中醋酸的研究

针对浓度为3%的醋酸废水,选用YK-15椰壳炭为吸附剂,采用吸附和分步热再生法从废水中分离醋酸,达到了废水处理和醋酸回收的双重目的.系统地考察了动态吸附和分步热再生的工艺条件,结果表明,在温度为30℃,废水流速为7.3×10-5 m·s-1的适宜条件下,YK-15椰壳炭对醋酸的动态吸附容量为161.0 mg·g-1,穿透点处废水的处理能力为4.7 g(废水)·g-1(活性炭).对吸附剂进行分步热再生的适宜条件是,第一步控制温度为110～130℃,脱除吸附柱内35%～40%的残余水,以浓缩醋酸.第二步继续升温至320℃,脱附并回收醋酸,醋酸的脱附率可达96%以上,收率为87%,回收醋酸的浓度为30%左右.吸附–脱附的循环实验表明,活性炭的吸附和脱附性能稳定,数据重现性好.     

大孔吸附树脂处理促进剂NS生产废水的工艺研究

研究了H103型大孔吸附树脂对促进剂NS生产废水处理的工艺过程,探讨其吸附-脱附的最佳工艺条件,脱附液再经蒸馏回收叔丁胺。实验结果表明:H103型大孔吸附树脂对促进剂NS生产废水有良好的吸附-脱附效果。经H103型大孔吸附树脂吸附处理后,促进剂NS生产废水中COD去除率达97%以上,达到国家排放标准。对达到泄露点的树脂用甲醇进行脱附,考察了脱附的最佳工艺条件,树脂的脱附率达96%以上,叔丁胺回收率达95%以上。证明该处理工艺可行。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。