风力发电机组塔架仿真和分析

简单介绍了风力发电机组塔架的类型和风力发电机组塔架设计的重要性。分别在某种参考风速及其风向改变90°和180°条件下,运用风力发电机组设计软件Bladed for Windows对风力发电机组塔架风载荷进行了仿真分析。最后,结合仿真结果和实际情况分析了叶片安装角、风轮锥角、风轮仰角、悬距、塔架气动阻力系数和塔架线密度等对塔架风载荷的影响。为风力发电机组的塔架设计提供了参考。     

基于ANSYS Workbench的大型风力发电机组塔架静态分析

针对大型风力发电机组塔架事故发生率高的问题,以酒泉风电基地瓜州风电场某大型1．5MW风力发电机组塔架（锥筒式）为研究对象,利用ANSYS Workbench软件建立大型风力发电机组塔架的三维有限元模型,进行静态强度分析和剐度分析,准确计算出塔架在各种荷载下的应力及塔顶位移。计算结果表明：被分析的1．5MW风力发电机组塔架（锥筒式）整体结构满足强度和刚度要求,为塔架的优化设计提供了依据。     

风电机组塔架台风条件下的初步设计研究

根据某风电场台风的特点确定风机设计等级,以塔架概念设计各阶段的基本尺寸,建立基本物理模型。基于有限元法并根据风电设备的设计规范对抗台风风力发电机组塔架进行了初步分析,主要包括塔架的低级频率和极限强度计算,初步确定该塔架的固有频率和极限强度均满足风电机组的设计规范要求。建议在对抗台风风力发电机组塔架进行详细设计阶段必须进一步优化设计,在强调够用的情况下减小尺寸,降低制造和运输成本。     

风电场风力发电机组塔架基础设计研究

基于广东徐闻洋前风电场工程,对风力发电机组塔架基础设计进行研究。通过合理的设计优化,在基础形式、桩型、稳定性等方面采用了独特的思路和新工艺。     

地震对风力发电机组塔架设计的影响

以国内典型的82m风轮直径、70m轮毂高度的1.5MW风力发电机组为例,介绍了Ⅷ级烈度地震载荷的计算方法,通过有限元法(FEA)建模计算了风力发电机组塔架的自然模态位移和地震载荷,并利用得出的计算结果确定地震对塔架设计的影响。实例应用结果表明,Ⅷ级烈度地震引起的载荷叠加值小于塔架的设计极限载荷,塔架设计能满足安装在烈度Ⅰ～Ⅷ地震地区的安全要求。     

基于混合灵敏度H_∞的海上风力发电机组变桨控制及振动抑制

针对海上风力发电机组输出功率波动大和塔架振动明显的问题,设计了混合灵敏度H∞变桨控制器,并引入塔架前后加速度反馈控制,基于SUT-3000双馈风力发电机组模型,利用GH_Bladed软件进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,在该控制策略作用下,海上风力发电机组输出功率比传统PI控制方法波动更小,保证了海上风力发电机组在高风速运行时输出功率的稳定性,同时降低了塔架前后振动响应。     

风力发电机组塔架螺栓连接公差问题研究

针对风力发电机组塔架法兰的螺栓连接,基于IEC 61400对其公差的要求和可能发生的平面度问题,采用有限元方法进行应力计算.结合实际风力发电机组法兰螺栓连接实例计算,对塔架法兰内倾量和平面度公差对筒壁和螺栓的影响进行总结,提出法兰内倾角公差设计方法,比较平面度公差对螺栓的影响,可为提高塔架法兰连接的可靠性提供更为严谨的...     

水平轴风力机锥形塔筒的静动态特性研究

根据叶素动量理论,考虑三维紊流风场、Beddoes-Leishman动态失速模型、惯性载荷及重力载荷计算了风力机的整机载荷,进而得到塔架动态载荷的极限工况,针对塔架的结构特点,再应用有限元理论,对水平轴风力发电机组塔架的静态(强度)、动态(屈曲、模态)特性进行了研究。以一台1.5MW水平轴风力发电机组为例,计算了塔架在不同极限工况下的载荷,并对塔筒进行了强度、屈曲和模态分析,得到了具有较大工程实用价值的塔筒静动态分析方法。     

风力发电机组塔架减振控制策略设计

大型变速变桨风力发电机组塔架减振控制对延长风电机组整机运行寿命和保障机组安全稳定运行具有十分重要意义,为此提出一种塔架阻尼器反馈控制减振方法.在对塔架受力分析及建模的基础上,建立了塔架系统的运动方程,并对塔架振动原因进行分析,得到引起振动的重要因素,通过设计塔架阻尼器反馈控制来抑制塔架振动.以某国产2 MW机组为例,通...     

现有风力发电机组地震作用计算方法对5MW风力发电机组的适用性研究

基于一台5 MW风力发电机组的实际数据,采用我国地震反应谱,进行有限元反应谱分析。并分别采用日本风电规范、IEC标准及相关文献的计算方法对该5 MW风力发电机组塔架剪力、弯矩进行计算,通过与有限元计算结果对比,分析各公式的适用性,可为我国地震环境下的风力发电机组抗震计算提供有益参考。     

考虑连接段厚度影响的风力机组合塔架优化设计*

钢-混组合塔架是低风速地区风力机支撑结构的主要型式之一,连接段对结构的性能有重要影响,组合塔架结构设计直接影响风力机的安全与建设成本。为改善塔架的结构性能以及降低塔架造价,构建了以各塔段外径、壁厚、连接段厚度和混凝土段高度等关键几何尺寸为设计变量,以塔架的固有频率、应力、位移和稳定性等关键性态指标为约束条件,以塔架成本为目标函数的优化设计数学模型。利用模型对某3 MW风力机组合塔架进行优化设计。结果表明：优化方案的塔架总成本减少了15.7%,塔架的整体结构性能得到一定改善;混凝土段高度为塔架总高度的62%时总成本最低;考虑连接段厚度的优化模型能有效调整连接段的受力性能,有利于提高塔架整体优化的效果。考虑组合塔架连接段厚度的优化设计可为同类塔架的设计提供参考。     

基于粒子群优化算法的风力机塔架结构优化设计

为了降低风力机塔架成本以及提高塔架的结构性能,编制粒子群优化算法程序,在算法程序中嵌入有限元方法,选取塔架壁厚、塔底直径及塔顶直径为设计变量,以强度、刚度、振动性能及稳定性为约束条件,建立了以质量最轻为目标函数的塔架优化数学模型,对某1.5 MW风力机塔架结构进行了优化设计。结果表明,优化后塔架的结构性能得到了改善,塔架变形对壁厚变化较为敏感,塔架质量减少了16.3%,说明了计算模型的有效性,可为同类塔架的设计提供参考。     

水平轴风力机塔筒涡激共振疲劳分析

利用梁单元对水平轴风力机塔筒进行有限元离散建模,基于塔筒不同安装状态时的固有频率和振型计算,分析了塔筒涡激共振,计算了发生涡激共振时临界风速下的塔筒最大振幅和惯性力。以某3.0MW风力机塔筒为例,利用名义应力法计算涡激共振产生的塔筒惯性力矩和疲劳损伤,分析了需要避免的塔筒安装状态。结果表明,本文计算模型简便有效,能较快地预测涡激共振对塔筒疲劳特性的影响,从而为风电机组塔筒设计和安全吊装提供了理论依据。     

Multidisciplinary design optimization of offshore wind turbines for minimum levelized cost of energy

This paper presents a method for multidisciplinary design optimization of offshore wind turbines at system level. The formulation and implementation that enable the integrated aerodynamic and structural design of the rotor and tower simultaneously are detailed. The objective function to be minimized is the levelized cost of energy. The model includes various design constraints: stresses, deflections, modal frequencies and fatigue limits along different stations of the blade and tower. The rotor design variables are: chord and twist distribution, blade length, rated rotational speed and structural thicknesses along the span. The tower design variables are: tower thickness and diameter distribution, as well as the tower height. For the other wind turbine components, a representative mass model is used to include their dynamic interactions in the system. To calculate the system costs, representative cost models of a wind turbine located in an offshore wind farm are used. To show the potential of the method and to verify its usefulness, the 5 MW NREL wind turbine is used as a case study. The result of the design optimization process shows 2.3% decrease in the levelized cost of energy for a representative Dutch site, while satisfying all the design constraints.     

Adaptive tower damping control for offshore wind turbines

This paper deals with the problem of wind turbine tower damping control design and implementation in situations where the support structure parameters vary from their nominal design values. Such situations can, in practice, occur for onshore and especially offshore wind turbines and are attributed to aging, turbine installation, scour or marine sand dunes phenomena and biofouling. Practical experience of wind turbine manufacturing industry has shown that such effects are most easily quantified in terms of the first natural frequency of the turbine support structure. The paper brings forward a study regarding the amount to which nominal tower damping controller performance is affected by changes in the turbine natural frequency. Subsequently, an adaptive tower damping control loop is designed using linear parameter‐varying control synthesis; the proposed tower damping controller depends on this varying parameter which is assumed throughout the study to be readily available. An investigation of the fatigue load reduction performance in comparison with the original tower damping control approach is given for a generic three‐bladed horizontal‐axis wind turbine. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Aeroservoelastic design definition of a 20 MW common research wind turbine model

Wind turbine upscaling is motivated by the fact that larger machines can achieve lower levelized cost of energy. However, there are several fundamental issues with the design of such turbines, and there is little public data available for large wind turbine studies. To address this need, we develop a 20 MW common research wind turbine design that is available to the public. Multidisciplinary design optimization is used to define the aeroservoelastic design of the rotor and tower subject to the following constraints: blade‐tower clearance, structural stresses, modal frequencies, tip‐speed and fatigue damage at several sections of the tower and blade. For the blade, the design variables include blade length, twist and chord distribution, structural thicknesses distribution and rotor speed at the rated. The tower design variables are the height, and the diameter distribution in the vertical direction. For the other components, mass models are employed to capture their dynamic interactions. The associated cost of these components is obtained by using cost models. The design objective is to minimize the levelized cost of energy. The results of this research show the feasibility of a 20 MW wind turbine and provide a model with the corresponding data for wind energy researchers to use in the investigation of different aspects of wind turbine design and upscaling. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of wind speed at the top of the tower on the performance and energy generated from _thermosyphon solar turbine

Energy generated from wind turbine depends to a great extent on the wind speed at its inlet. The use of thermosyphon solar tower is an attempt to increase the air velocity at inlet of the wind turbine and of course to increase its power. The wind speed in a certain location changes always with time and with the height above ground surface. In this work, the effect of wind speed at the top of the tower on the performance as well as on the energy generated from thermosyphon solar turbine was studied theoretically. One location in Egypt was chosen for this study. The calculations were achieved mainly with the solar turbine located at tower bottom. For the purpose of comparison, the energy generated from the solar turbine was compared with that generated from free wind turbine at tower height with the absence of solar tower. It was found that, the wind speed at the top of the tower results in a pressure drop which affects the performance of the thermosyphon solar turbine. This pressure drop increases with the rise in wind speed and will be zero only when the wind speed at the top of the tower reaches zero. It was found also that, there is an increase in friction losses through the tower and a decrease in both temperature difference between inlet and outlet of the tower and in heat losses from tower walls with the rise in wind speed in location. The inlet air velocity to the solar turbine and consequently its specific power were found to be increased with the increase in wind speed at the top of the tower. Therefore, the effect of wind speed at the top of the tower must be taken into account during thermosyphon solar tower calculations. By comparing the performance of solar turbine and the free wind turbine located at tower height with the absence of thermosyphon solar tower, it was found that the mean inlet air velocity to the solar turbine located at tower bottom and consequently its specific power are higher than these values for free wind turbine. The mean inlet air velocity to the solar turbine is found to be 117% of its value for a free wind turbine. The yearly specific energy generated from solar turbine is expected to be 157% of its value for free wind turbine.     

基于流固耦合的风力机塔筒动态特性分析

塔筒动态特性分析对风力发电机的振动设计起着关键作用。文章以1.5 MW风力发电机塔筒为研究对象,将叶片旋转和随机风载荷作为载荷输入条件,建立风力机塔筒叶片旋转载荷模型、流固耦合风载荷模型、结构动力学方程,分析计算得到随机载荷下叶片旋转和风载共同作用时,风力机塔筒动态特性评估方法。     

上风向山头对风电机组的安全性影响研究

  目的  由于生态保护和风场边界等条件的限制,有些机位点的主风向方向存在明显山头障碍物遮挡,影响了机组的发电量和安全性能,文章旨在研究减小山头对机组影响的方法。  方法  基于STAR-CCM+软件平台对主风向上有山头遮挡的机位点附近地形进行了数值模拟,分析了扇区管理、提高轮毂高度、地形修整等方法对机组的安全影响。  结果  结果表明:扇区管理、提高轮毂高度和地形修整都能改善风机的安全性。但在该项目中,采用双平台的地形修整的方法对改善风机安全性更加有效。  结论  分析结果可为如何降低来风方向的山头对风机的影响提供方法参考。