天津市农村沼气生物质能发展概述

以天津市9个区县作为研究对象,定量分析农村沼气生物质能两大类资源——农作物秸秆和畜禽粪便的状况,根据不同农作物谷草比系数、折算标煤系数以及畜禽粪便综合利用系数,计算出天津市农村生物质能耗占全市新能源消费总量和农村生产、生活能耗比例。同时,详细分析了天津市农村沼气生物质能发展的五大利用模式,并且对全市农村户用沼气工程进行了环境效益分析。结果表明,天津市武清区、宝坻区、蓟县和静海县农作物秸秆资源量在天津市排名分列前4位,宁河县、静海县、武清区和宝坻区畜禽粪便资源占有量分列天津市的前4名,全市农村户用沼气池替代秸秆减排CO2达到1万多t。     

生物质能利用技术比较与分析

生物质能的开发利用可同时解决环境污染和能源短缺问题。分析了生物质能源的特点及其利用现状，并对国内外生物质能利用技术进行了分析与比较，为生物质能利用技术的发展提供参考。     

2008生物质能源技术国际会议在广州举行

生物质能源具有环境友好和可再生性,在满足社会能源需求,特别是在补充交通燃料和当前的社会主义新农村建设中扮演重要角色.生物质能与其他可再生能源如太阳能、风能相比,其产业化程度较低,如何引领生物质能产业快速健康发展?     

中国农业残余生物质能利用对策研究

生物质能已成为缓解当今能源短缺的重要可再生能源,在研究比较生物质利用技术和中国农业残余生物质资源特点的基础上,分析了中国生物质利用技术的发展潜力和产业化前景,提出了生物质能利用的对策及建议。     

加快中国农村的能源电力建设

解决农村能源问题是搞好社会主义新农村建设的一个重要方面,分析了我国能源资源、传统生物质的利用情况,提出要充分利用生物质,要通过制沼气、秸秆气化、生物质成型燃料配合太阳能、地热能来完成替代任务以解决农村能源问题。     

生物质能源开发新技术

分析了生物质能源和生物质利用在解决能源危机及环境问题上的重要作用,介绍了生物质能转化利用的主要途径:热化学转化及生物化学转化技术.总结了国内外生物质能源利用的现状,阐述了我国未来生物质能源的发展方向和目标.     

生物质能利用技术现状及进展

在阐述生物质能源开发利用意义的基础上,针对现有的生物质能利用技术的发展现状进行了综合分析,主要介绍了生物质燃烧技术、生物质气化技术和生物质液化技术以及生物化学转化过程,指出了在目前形势下,大力发展生物质能利用技术具有广阔的前景.     

开发利用生物质能是我国农林业发展的重要领域

我国有丰富的生物质资源,开发潜力巨大。农林业部门要担当重任,充分利用土地资源,发展能源农业和能源林业,使生物质能成为我国立足国内开发的一个主要能源品种,为我国能源安全和全球环境保护做出贡献。同时,生物质能开发利用也将是建立以农村为上游的一个新型能源产业链,形成新的经济增长点,增加农民收入,成为新农村建设的一个重要领域。     

“零碳能源”今昔与未来

生物质能源被称为“零碳能源”,可为应对气候变化、保证能源独立和经济增长作出重要贡献。我国《生物质能发展“十二五”规划》显示,中国可作为能源利用的生物质资源总量每年约4．6亿吨标准煤,目前已利用量约2200万吨标准煤。在全球范围,直到2014年6月,世界生物质能协会（WBA）才发布了目前第一份专门针对全球生物质能发展情况的统计报告。本期数说能源盘点、展望全球生物质能的发展状况。     

可再生能源的若干问题解析

"十一五"规划纲要中提出在农村要积极发展沼气、秸秆发电、小水电、太阳能、风能等可再生能源,完善农村电网.在能源领域,国家又专门提出大力发展可再生能源,包括开发风能和生物质能,支持发展秸秆、垃圾焚烧和垃圾填埋气发电,建设一批秸秆和林木质电站,扩大生物质密致成型燃料、燃料乙醇和生物柴油生产能力.前者是要为农村能源建设服务,后者是优化能源工业的内容.正确认识可再生能源,优化发展能源工业,是一个值得研究的问题.     

西藏农村能源可持续发展面临的问题与对策

介绍了地处青藏高原的西藏可再生能源资源:电力资源、太阳能资源、地热资源、风能资源和生物质能的发展历程,分析了西藏农牧区能源利用现状,指出西藏农村能源利用面临的主要问题和困难,并针对这些问题提出了西藏农村能源可持续发展的对策:①加快小城镇化进程,实现能源资源的合理配置;②因地制宜,多能互补;③调整农村能源消费结构,积极支持可再生能源开发。     

Contrastive study between the biomass energy utilization structure and the ecotype energy utilization structure in rural residences — A case in Hunan province,China

The purposes of this study are to look into the actuality of rural residential energy consumption in Hunan province, China, to improve rural residential energy utilization structures, and to protect the environment. An investigation on rural residential energy consumption was carried out in the villages of Xintian and Jiangwan in the spring and summer of 2005. Biomass energy is used in Xintian while biogas is popularized in Jiangwan. A questionnaire survey covered basic information of residences in the two villages, and energy consumption data of each family in the spring and summer were also recorded continuously. The characteristics of energy utilization structures of the two villages, the one with biomass energy utilization structure and the other with the ecotype energy utilization structure, are contrasted, and seasonal variance characteristics of energy consumption in spring and summer are analyzed. Sequentially, influence factors of rural residential energy consumption are further discussed qualitatively and quantificationally. Environmental benefit is assessed finally when biogas substitutes biomass energy. Conclusions are summarized as follows: In Xintian, a complicated energy structure is still dominant, where biomass energy accounts for a significant proportion and manifold energy resources exist simultaneously; the energy consumption is high; categories of energy resources used by households vary between spring and summer. The energy structure is definitely better in Jiangwan, where the ratios of commercial energy and ecotype energy used are both higher than those in Xintian and the ratio of biomass energy is smaller. Categories of used energy resources are also more constant in spring and summer. The total energy use amount of each season in Xintian is larger than that in Jiangwan respectively, while there is little difference in the efficiency energy use amount of each season between the two villages. Qualitative and quantitative analyses show that the accessibility of local energy resources, the domestic economical level, governmental energy policies, and consumption conceptions of farmers affect energy utilization structures definitely, while the efficiency of cookers, the number of family members, and annual income have effect on energy consumption amounts. Environmental analysis shows that the usage of biogas makes a great contribution in optimizing the energy consumption structure, reducing energy consumption, discharging less harmful gases and keeping the ecosystem in balance. The comparison between biomass energy and ecotype energy provides instructions for future development of rural residential energy consumption in China.     

Biomass and biogas energy in Thailand: Potential, opportunity and barriers

Biomass has been traditional energy source in rural Thailand for decades. Country modernization, instead of reducing the biomass energy consumption, has continuously increased its utilization for both households and production of modern energy. While the GDP/capita was triple during 1980–1996, the biomass energy consumption increased by 68%, and expected to be higher as signaled by the increasing number of new biomass power plants. The legal and financial support frameworks to increase renewable energy utilization was launched in 1992 aiming for the country to depend less on imported energy, which at present accounted for 7% of GDP. In this paper, biomass and biogas energy situation in Thailand is presented. Resource potential, the promotion program and its success and failure were analyzed to suggest new policy option recommendation. The amount of agricultural residues is about 61 million ton a year, of which 41 million ton, which is equivalent to about 426 PJ of energy, was unused. The most promising residues are rice husk, bagasse, oil palm residue and rubber wood residue, merely due to their availability at the mills, which heat–power cogeneration is feasible. Biogas resources are from industrial wastewater and live stocks manure, which have potential of 7800 and 13,000 TJ/y, respectively. Instead of having the legal and financial support frameworks, the success of biomass energy program in Thailand is doubtful. Discussion on mechanisms and measures based on the past policy, which has been implemented for over a decade, is presented. From lessons learned we propose new policy approach to, in our opinion, overcome the biomass energy utilization barrier in Thailand.     

The role of renewable and sustainable energy in the energy mix of Malaysia: a review

Energy consumption has risen in Malaysia because of developing strategies and increasing rate of population. Depletion of fossil fuel resources, fluctuation in the crude oil prices, and emersion of new environmental problems due to greenhouse gasses effects of fossil fuel combustion have convinced governments to invest in development of power generation based on renewable and sustainable energy (RSE) resources. Recently, power generation from RSE resources has been taken into account in the energy mix of every country to supply the annual electricity demand. In this paper, the scenario of the energy mix of Malaysia and the role of RSE resources in power generation are studied. Major RSE sources, namely biomass and biogas, hydro‐electricity, solar energy, and wind energy, are discussed, focusing more toward the electrical energy demand for electrification. It is found that power generation based on biomass and biogas utilization, solar power generation, and hydropower has enough spaces for more development in Malaysia. Moreover, minihydropower and wind power generation could be effective for rural regions of Malaysia. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

城镇化进程中的能源供应体系变革研究

我国正处于城镇化加速发展阶段,能源需求还将合理增加,构建城镇化与能源供给协调发展的能源供应体系是实现低碳城镇化的首要任务.本文在分析城镇化发展对能源供应体系变革提出新要求的基础上,提出应从推进煤炭清洁高效利用、优化能源供应布局、大力发展分布式能源、发挥农村生物质资源优势等方面对城镇和农村能源供应体系变革采取新举措,为新型城镇化发展提供能源保障.     

贵州生物质能的开发利用现状及发展前景

生物质能一直是人类赖以生存的重要能源,随着石化燃料的日益匮乏及环境污染的日益恶化,生物质的开发利用越来越受到世界各国的关注,发展生物质能产业对贵州经济可持续发展具有重要的意义。介绍了生物质能资源、特点及其开发利用技术,阐述了贵州生物质能的开发利用现状其发展前景,提出了贵州生物质能开发利用的存在问题及发展对策。     

我国生物质能资源与利用

我国生物质资源丰富,产量巨大,2004年我国生物质能合计总量为306.48Mtce,为生物质能的开发利用提供了丰富的原料.通过生物质的热化学转化技术,可生产可燃气体和液体燃料.生物质能的开发利用,对于我国能源结构调整、能源安全、环境保护具有重要意义.     

Influences of new socialist countryside construction on the energy strategy of china and the countermeasures

The fast-growing Chinese economy will inevitably need more and more energy. This not only makes China's energy shortage situation severer, but also causes more and more worries from the countries all over the world, especially those developed countries. In this paper, China's energy state is analyzed and the influences of promoting new socialist countryside construction on China's energy source problem and its energy strategy making are discussed. It is stressed in this paper that in drawing the national energy development plan, it is of vital importance to take the impacts of new socialist countryside construction on energy production, supply and consumption into consideration. Traditional mineral energy supply that has been used for towns and cities should not be simply copied to solve the energy problem in countryside construction. The best choice for combating the huge energy increase resulted from speeding up the countryside construction is promoting utilization of biomass and solar energy and various advanced energy technologies. To make the utilization of biomass and solar energy and various advanced energy technologies in countryside, the government should give necessary technical and financial supports.     

Towards green rural energy in Yunnan, China

Yunnan is one of the less developed provinces in China, but has abundant energy resources, and is an ideal destination for tourists around the world due to its perfect climate and unique sightseeing resorts. However, energy consumption in rural households relies mainly on straw (12.15%), firewood (41%), and coal (38.5%). This pattern of energy consumption has been imposing pressure on the environment, water resources and soil in recent years with the rapid growth of Yunnan’s economy. This paper reports the achievements in Yunnan’s rural energy development in the past two decades. Issues of the greatest concern and interest, which are unfavorable for further development of rural energy, have been identified, and a new proposal of developing green rural energy in Yunnan is suggested based on its economy and resource conditions. The proposal addresses the development of biogas, small hydropower and solar energy, which are abundant in Yunnan. It is estimated that the new program will annually bring direct benefits of about 5 billion yuan to farmers by 2010, and the indirect benefits, such as those from tourism due to the improvement of the environment resulting from the use of green rural energy, will be enormous. It is believed that the program will speed up rural economic growth through the integrated utilization of rural energy.