热致型胆甾酯液晶的合成与表征

合成了十一烯酸胆甾酯及对－十一烯酰氧基－苯甲酸胆甾酯，并且用POM，DSC研究了它们的液晶性质。     

胆甾液晶弹性体的合成及液晶性能研究

以胆甾液晶单体和向列液晶交联剂与含氢聚硅氧烷接枝聚合制备了一系列弹性体.通过红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁氢谱(1 H-NMR)确定了液晶单体及弹性体的化学结构.通过差热扫描量热仪(DSC)、偏光显微镜(POM)以及X-射线衍射研究了其介晶性质及液晶相行为.结果表明,弹性体的玻璃化转变温度随着向列液晶交联剂的加入先降低后升高.随着向列液晶交联剂的加入,系列弹性体的X-射线衍射峰弥散,且最大反射波长略微变长,说明液晶分子间的有序性受到干扰.     

胆甾相液晶与向列相液晶共聚物的制备及液晶性能的研究

合成了向列相液晶单体4-乙氧基苯甲酸-4’-烯丙氧基联苯酯(M1)和胆甾相液晶分子4-(4-烯丙氧基苯丙酰氧基)-苯基苯氧羰基戊酸胆甾醇酯(M2),把液晶分子根据不同的浓度配比分别和聚甲基含氢硅氧烷接枝共聚,合成了具有不同化学结构和性能的侧链型液晶聚合物。并利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、热失重分析(TGA)、差示量热扫描分析(DSC)、偏光显微法(POM)和旋光仪等测试手段对其迚行了表征。结果表明:随着单体M2含量的增加,聚合物的比旋光度随之增加;熔融温度和清亮点随M2含量的增加而降低;偏光照片显示P1为典型的向列相液晶;M2液晶分子引入后,P2-P7为典型的胆甾型液晶。     

丙烯酸铅对乙基纤维素胆甾型液晶的影响

本文利用紫外-可见分光光度计研究了丙烯酸铅(PbA)对乙基纤维素(EC)/丙烯酸(AA)胆甾型液晶的影响,研究发现:在EC/AA胆甾型液晶中,其最大选择性反射波长和螺距随溶液浓度增加而降低;PbA的加入也使反射波长和螺距降低,并且溶液中PbA浓度越大,反射波长和螺距降低越多,这可能是由于Pb2+与纤维素分子的络合作用,拉近了相邻EC分子链距离,导致胆甾型液晶溶液中的层间分子距离减小所致。利用这种性质调节纤维素胆甾型液晶的光学反射性能。     

胆甾型液晶的合成及显色示温液晶组成

合成并表征了两种对正烷氧基苯甲酸胆甾醇酯液晶 ,并用于显色示温混合液晶的配制。通过胆甾型液晶的选择及不同含量的调配 ,获得变色温度范围在 1 0～ 40°C、色泽鲜艳、温度感应灵敏、变色可逆的胆甾型混合液晶组成。讨论了混合液晶组成对显色示温的影响     

胆甾液晶高分子的研究及信息领域的潜在应用

胆甾液晶高分子兼具胆甾相液晶的独特光学性质及高分子的特点从而具有广泛的应用前景。本文在介绍胆甾相液晶独特的螺旋状分子结构和光学性能的基础上,概括了热致侧链胆甾高分子(ChSLCP)的结构及其对性能的影响,并介绍其在光信息记录方面的研究进展。     

胆甾烯基油酰基碳酸酯的合成

<正> 一、前言液晶自1888年由奥地利植物学家莱尼择尔(F.Reinitzer)发现以来,至今已经一百周年,但它的应用却是近二十多年才由世界各国迅速发展起来的。除了向列相液晶被广泛应用于数字显示,图象显示及气相色谱固定液外,近几年来胆甾相液晶的应用也有了较大发展。利用胆甾相液晶的温度效应,可制作液晶温度计,以进行温度显示;制成各种液晶热敏元件,如液晶商标等,并在医学上用     

胆甾型液晶的热色效应及其应用

胆甾型液晶微胶囊是一种新型化工功能材料,其实用化的关键是液晶微囊化,本文就胆甾型液晶的热色效应及其应用作了较全面的介绍。     

Synthesis and phase behavior of cholesteric liquid crystal polymers containing glutamic acid in main‐chain

Four polymers (P₀–P₃) containing peptide chain as polymer backbone were synthesized by condensation reaction with bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate and triethylamine. The chemical structures of the monomers M₀–M₃ were confirmed by FTIR and ¹H‐NMR. The structure–property relationships of the monomers and polymers are discussed. Their phase behavior and optical properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and polarizing optical microscopy. Monomers M₁–M₃ and polymers P₁–P₃ displayed cholesteric phases. The results demonstrated that the melt temperature and clear point of monomers (M₁–M₃) and polymers (P₁–P₃) decreased with the increase of the flexible spacer length in the side‐chain, and the mesophase temperature range of the polymers increased with the increase of the flexible spacer length. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

Preparation of composites of polymer liquid crystal/cholesteric liquid crystal and their photochemical switching and memory properties by photoisomerization of a chiral azobenzene molecule

A chiral azobenzene compound was synthesized, and mixing the chiral azobenzene compound in a host nematic liquid crystal (LC) induced a cholesteric phase. The twisting power of the trans‐form of the chiral azobenzene compound was larger than that of its cis‐form produced by ultraviolet irradiation. A low molecular weight compensated nematic LC was then prepared by mixing of the chiral azobenzene and a nonphotochromic chiral compound, thus giving mutual opposite helical sense in the host LC. Reversible optical switching between transparent and opaque was achieved by ultraviolet and visible light irradiation. However, the photochemically switched opaque state was not stable even in the dark. Stability of the opaque state was found to be improved by adding polymer LC to the low molecular weight compensated nematic LC. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 2577–2580, 2004     

Structural chirality of cholesteric liquid crystal produces atropisomerism: Chiroptical polyisocyanides from achiral monomer in cholesteric liquid crystal matrix

1-Naphthyl isocyanide was polymerized with Ni(II) catalyst in a cholesteric matrix at the liquid crystal (LC) temperature range. The resultant polymers showed optical activity. In this reaction, the structural chirality of cholesteric LC effectively functions to impart one-handed helicity on the corresponding polymers as an optically active atropisomer.     

Gas transport phenomena in hydroxypropyl cellulose solid film retaining cholesteric liquid crystalline order

Two kinds of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) films were prepared: one retained cholesteric liquid crystalline order (HPC-A), and another was amorphous (HPC-B). Gas transport phenomena in the HPC-A films were determined at 20°C, which is below the T_g of HPC, compared with those in the HPC-B films, by using mainly oxygen and nitrogen gases; herium and carbon dioxide gases were also used. The permeability coefficient P for the HPC-A films was smaller than that for the HPC-B films by approximately 10 times. The gas permselectivity, defined as the ratio of P for each gas, was affected by the liquid crystalline order, as follows: The permselectivity for the HPC-A films was greater than that of the HPC-B films. The trends of gas permeability and permselectivity for the liquid crystal-forming HPC films were the same as those reported for other liquid crystal-forming cellulosic films. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 1465–1470, 1998     

The cholesteric nature of cellulose triacetate solutions

Solutions of cellulose triacetate (CTA) in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) become liquid crystalline above a certain critical concentration. Using the techniques of spectrophotometry, wide-angle light scattering and circular dichroism we have shown that the mesophase formed is cholesteric. We have measured its pitch, which depends on polymer concentration, and shown that the cholesteric structure is right-handed. Measurements of optical activity and the optical effects of shear and magnetic fields are also described and discussed.     

Cellulose derivative‐based cholesteric networks

Ethyl‐cyanoethyl cellulose [(E‐CE)C]/acrylic acid (AA) solution could form cholesteric networks when the AA was quickly photopolymerized. The cholesteric structure in the solution was changed during the polymerization but the variation of the cholesteric order could be depressed by crosslinking of the system. The dependence of λ_max for the cholesteric phase on both the crosslinker concentration and the polymerization temperature was studied by UV‐Vis spectrometry. It was found that the cholesteric pitch variation is decreased with increasing the concentration of the crosslinking reagent and the water sensitivity of the cholesteric network is effectively suppressed and dependent on the types of crosslinker. The pitch of cholesteric network was decreased sharply with increasing the polymerization temperature, due to the increase of the volume shrinkage of the solvent during the polymerization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1648–1653, 2005     

Optical properties of (acetoxypropyl)cellulose mesophases: factors influencing the cholesteric pitch

(Acetoxypropyl)cellulose (APC) forms a thermotropic cholesteric liquid crystalline phase, and with dibutyl phthalate (DBP) it also forms a lyotropic cholesteric phase. The reflection bands for the mesophases occur in the visible region, at wavelengths which depend on concentration and temperatures. The pitch of the cholesteric helicoidal structure is derived from measurements of the mean refractive indices and of the reflection band wavelengths for mesophase samples containing from 0 to 30% diluent at temperatures from ambient to 170°C. The pitch of the thermotropic mesophase increases with increasing temperature and with decreasing molar mass. The pitch of the lyotropic mesophase increases with increasing temperature and diluent content. Pitch values approach infinity at temperatures close to the clearing temperature of the mesophase, and no reversal in the sense of the pitch with temperature or diluent content was detected. The experimentally observed changes in pitch with composition and temperature are in reasonable agreement with the predictions of a recent theory for cholesteric mesophases composed of helical rod-like species. The average distance between chains in the mesophase is estimated from X-ray diffraction measurements, and hence the average angle of twist between neighbouring APC molecules may be found. The angle decreased from 2.2° for pure APC to 0.9° for a volume fraction of 0.73 APC in DBP.     

Effect of nonmesogenic crosslinking units on the mesogenic properties of side‐chain cholesteric liquid crystalline elastomers

A series of cyclosiloxane‐based cholesteric liquid crystalline elastomers were synthesized by using cholest‐5‐en‐3‐ol(3β)‐4‐(2‐propenyloxy)benzoate and a soft nonmesogenic crosslinking agent, acryloyl‐hexyl acrylate. The polymers were prepared in a one‐step reaction with the crosslinking contents ranging between 0 and 5.6 weight %. The effective crosslink density (M_c) was determined by swelling experiments employing Flory–Rehner models. All the polymers exhibited thermotropic LC properties and revealed a cholesteric phase. With increase of the crosslinking component in the polymers, the melting behavior disappeared and the enthalpy of transition decreased. But the temperature of glass transition and clear point changed little and did not show uptrend or downtrend. Reflection spectra of the cholesteric mesophase of the polymers showed that the reflected wavelength became broad and shifted to long wavelength with increase of the soft crosslinking component in the polymer systems. All these results originate from the effect of the soft nonmesogenic chemical crosslinking. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 625–631, 2005     

手性液晶材料的研究进展

介绍了手性液晶的发展过程,阐述了手性液晶的结构、分类与应用研究的现状,着重讨论了手性液晶在显示用液晶材料中的重要作用及应用,并对手性液晶的发展前景做了展望。