烃类转化炉下尾管开裂原因分析

对烃类转化炉下猪尾管的破裂原因进行了分析,分析指出:炉管的下尾管开裂原因为应力腐蚀导致的蠕变裂纹。由于缺陷的存在,大大降低了晶粒间的结合力,是炉管开裂,造成泄漏的主要原因。     

锅炉炉管开裂泄漏原因分析

通过宏观观察、能谱分析化学成分、金相组织和扫描电镜分析等方法。对某热电厂蒸汽锅炉炉管开裂问题进行研究。结果表明:焊接温度使炉管表面的组织发生了改变,屈氏体使炉管脆化,塑性和韧性降低,变形能力变差。焊接收缩拉应力和其它应力是炉管产生开裂及裂纹扩展的主要原因。     

乙烯裂解炉原料预热管线焊接接头开裂原因分析

某石化公司裂解炉原料预热管线焊接接头因开裂引起了介质泄漏。通过宏观检查、化学成分分析、力学性能分析、金相分析、扫描电镜及能谱分析等手段,分析焊接接头发生开裂的原因。结果表明：原料预热管线焊接接头采用异种钢焊接连接,焊缝背面余高较高,焊缝与基体交界处存在几何结构突变,导致焊根处产生了较大的应力集中,同时两侧母材金属的线膨胀系数存在较大差异,且P11管侧熔合线处材料性能差,导致P11管侧焊根部位成为整个焊接接头的最薄弱部位。设备冷备工况下,管线内壁处于硫化物腐蚀介质环境,焊根处尖角部位在焊接残余应力、热应力和工作应力的共同作用下发生了硫化物应力腐蚀开裂,裂纹不断扩展,最终引起介质泄漏。     

制氢转化炉炉管与法兰连接焊缝失效分析

中石化金陵分公司制氢转化炉管在服役8900小时后上部法兰环焊缝发生泄露,对导致炉管与法兰焊接接头产生穿透性裂纹的成因作全面分析,找出泄露的根本原因,并提出了解决措施。     

裂解炉管热疲劳失效分析

采用金相、断口扫描电镜等手段对投用4年的裂解炉管6m高度处的裂纹进行了分析。裂纹起源于外表面，呈多条平行分布沿周向扩展。分析表明，炉管微观组织正常，没有大量碳化物积聚和蠕变空洞，外表面有轻微的脱碳层，表明炉管没有超温迹象。炉管开裂是由热疲劳所致。热疲劳是由于炉管烧焦期间升降温产生的交变热应力和机械应力共同作用造成的。     

某油气输送管道用L415M材质热煨弯管焊缝开裂原因分析

针对天然气管道工程使用国内某钢管企业生产的L415M材质直缝埋弧焊管做为母管,加工成热煨弯管后焊缝产生裂纹问题,对弯管原材料及加工制作工艺进行分析,同时进行了化学成分、力学性能、金相组织及裂纹开裂处能谱检测。原材料焊管焊缝的Cu含量超出母材一倍,Nb含量为母材的一半,降低了焊缝韧性,提高了焊缝的脆性倾向,增大了焊缝的开裂几率;弯制过程中因弯管应力变形而焊缝韧性不足引起焊缝开裂;弯制后热处理焊缝也存在回火脆性开裂倾向。     

合成辅锅炉管泄漏原因分析及对策

描述合成辅锅炉管开裂的外观形貌,通过对炉管的材料进行化学成分分析、金相检查以及蠕胀检查,找出炉管失效的原因是管子外表面有裂纹,内表面结垢而导致局部过热,引起了管子蠕胀后开裂,直至穿透,提出工艺监护及管理措施.     

乙烷裂解炉管开裂原因分析

通过对材质为35Cr45Ni+NbMA的乙烷裂解炉炉管进行宏观形貌、微观形貌、扫描电镜、金相、化学成分等方面的分析,分析了炉管失效的原因,提出了相应的预防措施和建议。结果发现:炉管长期高温服役,力学性能下降,炉管内形成的厚结焦层与炉管母材的热膨胀系数之间的差别,导致在停炉过程中产生超过常温断裂强度的高水平应力,是该乙烷裂解炉炉管断裂失效的主要原因。     

HK40炉管焊缝抗蠕变裂纹扩展能力的试验

在全面分析已服役１０ａ的ＨＫ４０炉管损伤状况的基础上,研究了ＨＫ４０炉管母材和焊接接头的蠕变裂纹扩展速率,评价了这两种不同部位抗蠕变裂纹扩展的能力。结果表明：在长期正常的运行中,特别是服役后期,下部炉管焊缝中的蠕变裂纹扩展较母材快,微观组织损伤和焊缝中的应力集中是致使焊缝蠕变裂纹扩展较快的两个重要因素。     

炼油厂HP型制氢转化炉炉管破裂失效分析

采用宏观检查、金相组织、力学性能测试方法对某炼油厂制氢车间运行3.5万h即发生开裂的HP型制氢转化炉炉管进行了析。结果表明:炉管破裂失效的主要原因是高温蠕变破裂,长期超温运行是导致炉管提前失效的直接原因。     

底座连接口特征参数对显示器后壳注塑质量的影响分析

在Moldflow分析软件的基础上,对显示器后壳进行仿真研究,以翘曲变形量为质量指标,结合控制变量法进行单因素变动实验,保持注射工艺参数不变,研究显示器后壳底座连接口对制品翘曲变形的影响.对数据进行图表分析,结果表明显示器后壳尺寸定位68.58 cm(27英寸)时,底座连接口选用圆形,连接口位置距离底边26 mm,尺寸...     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对胎面压出质量的影响

简要介绍了胎面压出的工作原理及工艺过程，对设备的配置及操作对胎面压出质量的影响进行了分析，并对压出过程中常见的质量缺陷、造成的原因以及解决措施提出了自己的见解。     

Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement

In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably.     

煤粉流动性对GSP气化炉气力输送的影响研究

针对GSP气化装置煤粉气力输送在试车阶段出现的煤粉锁斗下料不畅、发料罐输送性能不佳等问题,从原料煤性质和工业装置的改进方面出发,通过煤粉的流动性参数的测量与研究,分析出现上述工程问题可能的内在原因,并提出工业装置改进方法,为保证GSP煤粉气力输送工业装置的正常运行提供解决办法。     

关于建立火炸药安全数据库的探讨

由反映火炸药及其制品的危险性能和用于对它们的生产、储运系统进行安全评价数学模型出发,探讨了如何建立一个全面、实用的火炸药安全评估数据库。通过对此数据库内容、数据表示方法、数据搜索方法以及建立步骤的讨论,明确了该数据库的使用对象和主要功能。     

The effect of the length of the oxyethylene chain on the conductivity of the polyurethaneurea electrolyte

Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li⁺ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment T_g and the soft-segment T_m influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature.     

Effect of the drafting force on the strength of the bottom of the spinneret

In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007.     

转子挤压组合凹模的应力分析

组合凹模的应力分析是一个非常复杂的问题，对其进行精确分析是解决模具寿命的关键。本文采用有限元分析软件Ansys对转子的组合凹模进行了分析，为转子组合凹模的优化设计提供了依据。