M85车用燃料的排放特性及催化特性研究

为缓解我国能源危机和环境污染,加深人们对M85甲醇汽油的认识,本文通过大量发动机台架试验和尾气催化转化试验,定量和定性对M85的常规排放和非常规排放进行了分析。其中,对非常规排放不但详细分析了其产生机理和负荷特性而且简单介绍了试验设备和方法。为了便于说明问题,在相同的试验条件下分别与汽油进行了对比。最后基于催化剂剂老化机理分析如何进一步减少尾气排放,尤其是非常规排放。结果表明M85对汽油在常规排放方面有很大改善。非常规排放,通过专用的催化器完全可以消除影响。研究表明M85燃料应该得到全面的推广。     

甲醇应用的发展趋势

研究表明,M85甲醇汽油燃烧特性与汽油相当,用作燃料发动机运转平稳,噪声极低。主要优点是抗爆震性能强,低温抗相分离性能好,基本不需要助溶型添加剂,但必须加入其它多功能添加剂。据了解。M85高比例甲醇汽油是甲醇汽油较理想的配比之一,与低比例甲醇汽油相比,M85甲醇汽油的节能、环保优点十分明显。德国、美国、加拿大、日本都掌握并示范推广。由于M50以上甲醇汽油混合气发动机的适应性能较差,而现实生活中汽车不可能只限用同一种比例的甲醇汽油。长安大学同时配套开发了汽车灵活燃料控制器。实现了汽车在汽油、甲醇、乙醇燃料应用时的转换,并且燃料比例可以灵活变化。以M85甲醇汽油为燃料经过汽车实际道路试验,     

链烃类清洗剂性能与发动机零部件适应性分析研究

本文通过对链烃清洗剂成分分析、链烃类清洗剂与航空洗涤汽油性能比对、链烃类清洗剂清洗效率和干燥时间验证试验、链烃清洗剂对发动机零部件基体材料适应性研究、链烃清洗剂对橡胶类材料适应性试验、链烃清洗剂对漆层材料适应性试验等实验分析以及典型零件的应用研究,选择的碳氢清洗剂可运用于发动机零备件的清洗。     

乙醇燃料发动机专用油的研制

研究乙醇燃料发动机工作情况,综合分析乙醇燃料及其产物性质。应用BP神经网络模型和试验验证,对研制油试验配方进行筛选和配方目标优化。研制油具有优异的防腐蚀性、防锈性能、良好的粘温特性和低温流动性,可形成致密的保护膜,有效降低摩擦和减少磨损,延长了换油周期和发动机使用寿命,降低了成本。     

会议信息

中国航天第三专业信息网第二十七届技术信息交流会2006年9月份召开中国航天第三专业信息网第二十七届技术信息交流会拟于2006年9月份在辽宁省沈阳市召开,此次会议由中国航天科工集团111厂主办。会议主题为“航天动力技术发展与应用”。主要内容:1.先进航天推进技术的新概念研究,高速和超高速飞行器动力装置研究,活塞发动机在航天产品上的应用,姿态控制发动机技术及应用,发动机热力学、气动力学研究;2.液体、固体和固液火箭发动机提高性能的新型方案、结构和技术;3.各类发动机的试验技术、测试技术、诊断技术、仿真技术、特性分析技术和可靠…     

天然气/柴油双燃料发动机研究现状分析

随着世界传统能源的日益匮乏,以及排放污染问题的日益加重,天然气天然气/柴油双燃料发动机的开发和应用成为发动机行业新的研究热点。从传统燃料发动机面临的问题、新型燃料发动机发展前景和天然气发动机的特点分析了天然气/柴油双燃料发动机研究背景;综述了天然气/柴油双燃料发动机研究现状,提出了天然气/柴油双燃料发动机需要继续研究的方面,对开发和设计天然气/柴油双燃料发动机提供了一定的参考价值。     

SUS439M在汽车排气系统防腐中的应用研究

通过晶间腐蚀试验、电化学试验、循环腐蚀试验,对SUS439M材料的腐蚀特性进行研究。采用静态中性盐雾试验、搭载实车路试试验,对SUS439M材料进行防腐性能研究和评价,并对路试试验后的点蚀坑深度进行测量和分析。结果表明,SUS439M能够满足长安某低端车型的防腐设计要求。     

开槽管状药在速燃发动机中的应用

就速燃发动机装药设计与应用中存在的问题进行了分析，并对相应的技术措施进行探索。选用开槽管状药进行发动机试验，获得了预期的实验结果     

机器人仿真在发动机涂装上的应用

传统发动机喷涂机器人调试往往需要大量的样机实验,投入成本高,调试周期长,喷涂质量稳定性差,虽然目前仿真技术在各行业已投入应用,但在国内发动机行业还无应用先例。项目组开展了仿真技术在发动机涂装上的可行性分析及研究,介绍机器人仿真技术在发动机涂装上工艺流程、判定方法及在某厂发动机涂装上应用效果,以期对发动机涂装数字化领域的发展起到一定的参考作用。     

含水甲醇汽油的应用性能研究

通过理化分析、台架实验和行车实验,比较了自制的含水甲醇汽油M50W、M40W和93#市售汽油的物化性能和使用效果。结果表明,发动机使用M50W、M40W动力性优于93#市售汽油,油耗增加3%~7%。尾气排放中HC、CO、CO2显著降低,NOx排放改善不明显,甲醛排放增高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。