化工装置罐区的工艺设计

化工装置罐区是储备生产原料和成品的区域,罐区运转状况直接影响到整个生产系统的稳定性。因此,优化的工艺方案、规范的设备布置、最佳的管道设计思路是保证罐区设计达到完善的关键所在。文章重点对储存可燃易爆介质罐区常见设备的选型、设备布置以及管道设计进行总结。     

石油化工储运系统罐区配管设计

石油化工生产过程中,储运系统的罐区构建一直是业内人士普遍关心的问题。首先介绍了石油化工储运系统罐区配管需要考虑的危险等级因素与布置要求;其次对石油化工储运系统罐区配管设计的相关情况进行了深入探讨,并着重就泵的布置与配管设计策略进行了探索,希望可以提升石油化工储运系统罐区配管应用水平,为企业稳定安全可持续发展创造良好的条件。     

基于三维激光扫描技术的覆土罐区设计辅助系统开发

覆土油罐建设是未来军队成品油库建设的重点方向,覆土罐区设计是覆土油罐建设前期设计工作的重要组成部分。根据三维激光扫描技术的数据采集效率快、测量精度高等技术优势,结合实际设计工作的工作需要,针对设计人员与管理人员不同的需求进行了系统需求分析,利用SQL server 2014软件进行了系统数据库建设,设计开发了基于CS+BS混合框架结构的覆土罐区设计辅助系统。该系统将在覆土罐设计中的罐址选择、土石方计算、控制预算等方面有着广泛的应用。     

港口罐区贮运自控系统设计

介绍了港口液碱罐区贮运自控系统的设计.采用基于现场总线智能仪表与常规仪表相结合的控制模式,既能满足港口所有方的管理要求,又能满足罐区使用用户节约建设资金的要求.采用此系统模式优化了贮运工程控制方案,实现了对罐区的高水平自动化管理.     

原油化工罐区过程仪表及SCADA系统的设计

介绍了罐区自动控制系统的设计。通过对原油库区现场仪表的设计,概述了雷达液位计、液位开关、阀门、电动执行机构、光纤光栅感温探测报警系统等特点、工作原理及选型原则。重点讨论了罐区生产控制系统和消防控制系统网络机构及系统功能。     

成品油罐区地下管线检测与信息管理技术研究

近年来我国地下管线安全事故频发,成品油罐区地下管线安全管理越来越得到重视。在归纳与应用成品油罐区地下管线检测的方法的基础上,对成品油罐区地下管线进行了检测,建立数字化管网系统,实现地下管网的可视化、信息化管理,并从理论和工程角度提出了成品油罐区地下管线信息管理的方法和模式。     

浅谈氯碱工业中酸碱罐区的工艺设计

罐区的功能是储存生产原料和成品,起着承上启下的重要作用,其运转状况会直接影响整个生产系统的稳定性.本文从储罐形式和材质的确定、储罐容量的衡量以及储罐的布置三个方面,详细分析了氯碱工业中酸碱罐区的工艺设计.     

石油化工罐区安全仪表系统的设计与应用

随着我国石油化工企业规模的不断扩大,相应的储存罐区也在不断递增,近年来因为罐区发生火灾、爆炸事故均造成了重大的社会影响。本文通过对石油化工罐区的安全仪表系统设计和应用等内容的阐述,明确安全仪表系统能够作为独立保护层有效防范罐区生产安全事故,为企业的安全运营起到重要保障作用。     

大型低温液氨罐区的安全设计

随着国际商品液氨贸易活跃,对国内大型低温液氨罐区需求迫切。从防火间距、工艺系统、紧急排放系统三个方面对大型低温液氨罐区的安全设计进行了分析探讨。结论表明:只要认真实施设计中的安全措施,加强生产管理,大型低温液氨罐区可长期安全稳定运行。     

甲类废液罐区气体探测系统设计

危险废物焚烧处置项目中一般设有废液罐区,根据废液成分及危险性的变化性,废液罐区多数按照甲类设计。废液罐区中的废液涉及多个行业,成分复杂,可能产生有毒、可燃气体等。针对废液罐区的特点,选择合适的有毒、可燃气体探测器,分析不同气体探测器的原理,配备相应的声光报警及联动安全措施,构建气体探测报警系统,使得废液罐区的设计满足生产、消防的相关要求,避免爆炸危险事故的发生。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。