航空发动机滑油系统及其磨损检测技术的应用

航空发动机作为飞机的心脏,为飞机飞行提供动力。由于发动机的零部件长期工作于高温、高负荷的条件下,容易发生磨损故障,严重影响发动机的安全工作,因此对航空发动机的磨损进行检测十分必要。文章分析了航空发动机的磨损及其机理,阐述了航空发动机的润滑系统的构成与工作原理,简要总结了滑油中金属含量超标的原因,介绍了几种基于滑油分析的磨损监测方法。     

滑油分析技术在发动机磨损状态监测中的应用

介绍了滑油光谱分析、自动磨粒分析、滑油滤和磁塞检测以及扫描电镜-能谱分析4种滑油分析技术,并综合运用对某型发动机传动润滑系统进行磨损状态监测。结果表明:综合运用以上4种分析技术,能有效监测发动机传动润滑系统的磨损状态,及时发现磨损故障并确定磨损故障部位,从而保障发动机的运行安全。     

发动机油氧化衰变分析技术研究进展

润滑油的氧化衰变是关系机械合理润滑和影响机械性能的关键因素。综述了原子光谱法、红外光谱法,电位分析法、电导分析法、伏安分析法、介电常数分析法和阻抗谱分析法等技术在表征润滑油衰变中的研究进展,有助于为润滑油的氧化衰变研究提供指导,对正确合理使用润滑油具有实际意义。     

基于液体门控技术的超滑铜网油-油分离研究

先采用阳极氧化法在铜网表面原位生长Cu(OH)₂纳米针来构建粗糙结构,再采用氟硅烷改性得到超疏水铜网,随后在超疏水铜网表面灌注乙二醇,形成液体门控型超滑铜网表面。利用接触角测量仪、扫描电子显微镜及X射线衍射仪分析了超疏水铜网的油接触角、水接触角、表面形貌和组成成分,并测试了灌注乙二醇的超滑铜网表面的油接触角。结果表明,超疏水铜网对水的接触角为150°,对二硫化碳的接触角为0°,对二硫化碳、石油醚和正己烷的初次油水分离效率都在90%以上,循环使用50次之后的油水分离效率仍在85%以上。灌注乙二醇的超滑铜网对上述3种有机液体的接触角均大于140°,对它们分别与乙二醇构成的油-油体系的分离效率均超过95%。     

过热金属屑信号器防护胶层及制备方法研究

过热金属屑信号器是检测滑油系统金属杂质和滑油超温的报警装置,其在使用过程中防护层裂纹、掉块故障,会导致虚假报警和堵塞油路.通过过热金属屑信号器防护胶层及制备方法研究,可有效避免防护胶层裂纹、掉块故障,研究表明研制的过热金属屑信号器防护胶层具有绝缘、隔热、耐热和抗滑油侵蚀的作用,达到了对某型发动机过热金属屑信号器防护层修...     

兰银管道索拉金牛星60机组滑油监控与现状分析

兰银管道河口压气站使用的是美国索拉公司生产的金牛星-60型燃气轮机,该发动机对滑油的要求很高,并引入多重闭环反馈回路对油温进行实时监控和调节,形成滑油系统,通过解析滑油系统的工作原理,对存在于我们认识中的、设备中的一些问题进行论证。     

透平机组滑油系统运行监测

本文介绍透平机组滑油系统运行油务监测项目、内容及方法。揭示滑油化学特性及运行参数变化所蕴藏的设备内在磨损机理；从安全角度介绍滑油系统防火监测及消除方法，为大型机组滑油系统监测提出建议。     

元素分析法判断是否有滑油进入发动机燃烧系统的可行性研究

以滑油和燃油的混合油样为研究对象,用氧弹量热仪模拟其在发动机中的燃烧,对燃烧产物进行收集,并对收集液进行多元素的光谱分析。分析结果表明,P元素的测试强度与混合油样中滑油的质量具有很好的线性关系,可以选择P元素为特征元素来定量判断是否有滑油进入发动机燃烧系统并参与燃烧。     

金属减活剂的常见检测方法

变压器油在储存、运输和应用过程中不可避免的要与铜、铁等金属接触,这些金属对油品的氧化起到了催化作用。故现在普遍采用向变压器油中加入金属减活剂来抑制金属对油品的催化氧化作用。本文简单介绍了几种金属减活剂的常见检测方法。     

某型航空发动机油启封设备的研制

为对某型航空发动机进行可靠有效的油启封操作,研制了该型发动机的油启封设备,较好地实现了自动油启封过程中的压力调节、滑油脱水及流量控制等,有效提高了装备保障效率和装备完好率.推广应用情况表明：该设备性能指标达到设计要求,工作可靠稳定.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.