不同湿度环境下可见光波段激光偏振特性研究

雾霾天气严重干扰了可见光成像效果,利用可见光偏振特性可以有效提升探测效率。雾霾环境会受到气溶胶颗粒湿度的影响,湿度是雾霾环境重要物理参数。为了获得可见光在雾霾环境的偏振特性规律,分析了环境湿度对偏振特性的影响。在非偏振光气溶胶单粒子散射特性基础上,采用改进蒙特卡罗方法建立了偏振传输模型,对不同湿度水雾环境下可见波段偏振光传输特性进行研究,重点分析水雾环境湿度改变对不同可见光波段偏振光偏振特性的影响情况并建立了接近真实水雾环境,通过室内实验对偏振模型进行验证,对不同湿度环境下的 450、532 、671 nm 线偏振光与圆偏振光的偏振度与偏振态改变进行了比较与分析,仿真模型置信度>60%。研究结果表明:偏振光的偏振度随水雾环境湿度是呈下降趋势。随着波长的增大,偏振度变化趋于平缓,出射偏振度随着波长的增加而变大,当激光波长为 450、532、671 nm 时,偏振度下降点的湿度值分别为 50%、70%、90%;圆偏振光入射,圆偏振光的旋性对于偏振度没有影响,且高于线偏振度值。对于水雾这种容易受湿度影响较大的环境而言,在可见光波段,应该尽量选择较长波长的偏振光进行传输探测,因为湿度对较短波长的影响比较长波长的影响要大,所以,在湿度较大的环境中,较长波长的圆偏振光是偏振保持特性最好的。在湿度较大的环境中,应尽量选取波长较长的偏振光成像,以达到较好的成像效果。     

基于椭偏角成像的识别伪装目标方法

偏振度的测量对反射辐射强度有一定的要求,反射辐射强度较低时,不同材料之间偏振度差别不明显,且线偏振度受探测角和表面粗糙度影响较大,以相同探测角探测粗糙度类似的目标时难以对目标从偏振度上区分.通过分析影响电磁波在物质表面反射辐射的振幅与相位因素,研究了其偏振特性,提出在线偏振光入射条件下,通过对反射辐射椭偏角成像,直接或间接辅助识别伪装目标的方法.建立椭偏角与复折射率、入射角之间的函数模型,并通过软件仿真验证模型的正确性.文章为基于探测偏振信息进行伪装识别的方法提供一种新思路.     

基于主动式圆偏振光照射的探测建模与分析

圆偏振光有良好的“偏振记忆”效应,为了验证在 强散射介质中通过圆偏振光的旋性 差异可以有效抑制散射光的影响,实现复杂背景下的目标探测功能。从经典的米氏散射 理论和菲涅尔反射理论出发,结合偏振蒙特卡罗方法,构建了主动式圆偏振光在散射介质中 探测目标的模型,通过追踪每个光子的偏振态变化,统计分析了圆偏振光经过介质散射和目 标反射后的Stokes矢量信息。仿真结果表明,文中建模方法可以明显区分出散射介质中是否 存在被探测目标;不同的介质环境和不同的探测距离都会对目标的偏振成像造成不同程度的 衰减,而圆偏振差分成像及圆偏振度成像均可实现偏振成像的增强处理。文中建模方法可以 为全偏振探测的理论研究及实际应用提供借鉴。     

偏振光谱仪偏振探测精度分析

用于野外地物偏振光谱测量的偏振光谱仪,其偏振探测精度直接影响到地物偏振光谱信息获取的准确性,进而影响到目标偏振特性的解译水平。设计了适用于光栅光谱仪的偏振测量组件,将两种型号的光栅光谱仪改装成偏振光谱仪。基于可调偏振度光源验证偏振光谱仪的偏振光谱测量精度,首先分析了偏振光谱仪的偏振敏感性,然后给出了偏振光谱仪对可调偏振度光源输出不同偏振度谱的实验测量结果。实验结果表明:在460~920 nm波长范围之间,偏振光谱仪具有一定的偏振敏感性,加装退偏器之后,偏振光谱仪对输出光的测量偏振度与可调偏振度光源输入的标准偏振度具有很好的一致性,实测值与理论值的绝对误差均在2%以内,从而验证了两种型号的偏振光谱仪偏振测量组件设计的可行性,能够满足实验测量的要求。     

偏振CCD相机光学系统的偏振特性分析

理论上推导了通过偏振CCD光学系统的部分偏振光在透射过程和反射过程中偏振特性的变化，定量计算了特定参数下的入射部分偏振光束经过特定单透镜透射后偏振度的分布，给出了偏振度变化的数量级，计算表明一定偏振度的入射部分偏振光束经过透射后，由于偏振度的变化和光线的入射高度以及视场角都有关系，光束偏振度在出射截面上将产生一定的分布。     

一种偏振成像探测系统的测量精度检测

分析偏振测量原理得到偏振成像偏振度的测量绝对误差。通过偏振测量实验,分别计算了偏振光的真实偏振度和偏振成像的偏振度,求出偏振度的绝对误差,与理论分析结果相符合。检测了实验中使用的偏振成像探测系统的测量精度。     

基于偏振测量的粗糙表面参数反演方法

材料的复折射率是计算偏振度时不可缺少的物理参数。由于直接测量复折射率较为困难,在现有的粗糙表面偏振双向反射分布函数（polarized Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function,pBRDF）的基础上,推导了材料的偏振反射率表达式,提出了入射光线为线性偏振时材料表面参数的反演方法,提高了复折射率计算的适用性。反演结果与文献中参考值的对比表明,该反演方法具有较高的可靠性。     

组织模型光散射的偏振特性

偏振门技术已被广泛用来探测上皮生物组织的结构,但组织的光学参量如何影响入射光的偏振态这一问题尚未解决.结合斯托克斯测量系统模型和米氏散射理论,计算分析了散射体分别等效成直径为5.0、9.0 μm球形粒子的散射光强分布及偏振度分布,以及线偏振光、圆偏振光入射时大小粒子后向散射光的偏振度光谱.结果表明:无论是小粒子还是大粒子,后向单次散射光均具有很高的偏振性,偏振度光谱对粒子尺寸的变化比较敏感,而当线偏振光入射时,随着粒子平均尺寸的增加,光谱振荡频率及偏振度都将增大.该方法对于早期癌症检测具有潜在应用意义.     

环形激光器中的光场偏振度

对采用四频差动法偏频的环形激光器中光场偏振度进行了计算和讨论.光场的偏振用圆基坐标下的琼斯矩阵表示.光场的偏振度由反射膜片和水晶片的光学性质决定,在环形腔中的不同位置处,光场的偏振度不同.     

环形激光器中的光场偏振度

对采用四频差动法偏频的环形激光器中光场偏振度进行了计算和讨论.光场的偏振用圆基坐标下的琼斯矩阵表示.光场的偏振度由反射膜片和水晶片的光学性质决定,在环形腔中的不同位置处,光场的偏振度不同.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first