长株潭城市群二噁英污染水平初探

采集长株潭地区土壤/沉积物样品并对样品中二噁英类物质浓度水平和分布形态进行分析研究。结果表明：表层土壤中PCDD/Fs的浓度范围为267～7 509.61 pg/g,均值为2 175.00 pg/g;I-TEQ浓度范围为0.92～10.21 pg/g,均值为4.82 pg/g。PCDD/Fs与我国其他地区相比,处于高浓度水平。表层沉积物PCDD/Fs含量浓度范围为876.17～497 759.30 pg/g,均值为160 765.91pg/g;I-TEQ浓度范围为2.63～1 031.21 pg/g,均值为332.55 pg/g。50%湘江沉积物样品TEQ的浓度大于80 pg/g,说明该地区河流沉积物已经对某些物种构成了威胁。另外分析了土壤/沉积物中PCDD/Fs同类物的分布特征,并分析可能的污染来源。     

农田土壤中有机磷酸酯的污染状况及健康风险研究进展

随着溴代阻燃剂的被禁用或限制使用,有机磷酸酯(Organophosphate Esters, OPEs)已成为其主要替代品被广泛应用于各类商业及工业产品。由于OPEs具有毒性且容易释放到环境中,引起了诸多关注。目前已在多种环境基质中发现了OPEs的存在,其中土壤被认为是OPEs的主要赋存介质,而农田土壤与人类的食物链关系密切,其污染问题值得重视。从农田土壤的角度出发,分析了OPEs的主要来源、分布情况和植物的吸收、转运、代谢以及对人体暴露的影响。结果显示,农田土壤中OPEs对人体健康构成的绝对风险不高,但OPEs在土壤环境中持续积累会对人体产生潜在威胁,因此有必要进一步探讨其环境行为及其健康风险。     

焚烧烟气中二噁英污染控制技术

介绍了废物焚烧过程中产生的二噁英的机理及污染减排控制技术,重点阐述了国内外烟气净化控制二噁英技术,通过对不同二噁英污染控制技术优缺点的比较,得出:Remedia催化过滤技术是相对最为有效的一种二噁英处理技术,我国应该积极开展该技术的研究。     

煤矸石堆存区周边土壤重金属污染特征及风险评价

为探究长期堆存煤矸石中重金属在周边盛行风向土壤里的分布特征及潜在风险,以宁夏枣泉煤矿煤矸石堆存区周边土壤为研究对象,对煤矸石堆存区周边盛行风向土壤中5种重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Mn)总量及重金属赋存形态特征进行深入分析,开展了土壤重金属生物活性分析及评价。结果表明:由于煤矸石的长期堆放、风力、雨水淋溶等,堆存区边缘处重金属(Zn、Pb和Mn)含量较高,且随着距离的增大呈下降趋势;相关性分析中土壤pH值与Zn、Pb含量呈极显著负相关性,与Mn含量呈显著负相关性,与Pb和Cr的可交换态呈显著负相关性,总氮(TN)与Cu的有机质结合态呈极显著负相关性,与残渣态呈极显著正相关性;RAC评价结果表明Pb在土壤中具有较高风险水平,其余重金属潜在风险水平较低。     

污水厂污泥中类二噁英类物质污染水平的研究进展

污水厂污泥的农业资源化利用是污泥处置的重要方法之一,但污泥中所含有毒有害的类二噁英类物质会制约污泥的农业利用.本文综述了污水厂污泥中类二口恶英类物质的污染水平和特点,为进一步制定和完善我国农用污泥中类二口恶英类物质控制标准提供科学的依据.     

干制辣椒中黄曲霉毒素B_1污染及暴露风险研究进展

研究了国内外干制辣椒中黄曲霉毒素B_1的污染情况及其暴露风险。通过对已发表科技文献的调研,从黄曲霉毒素B_1的毒性、危害、限量标准、污染情况,以及暴露风险等方面,对来自不同国家或地区农贸市场、零售店、超市,以及百货商店的辣椒干、碎辣椒和辣椒粉等干制辣椒中黄曲霉毒素B_1进行了分析。研究表明:巴基斯坦、土耳其、印度、意大利等亚洲和欧洲国家辣椒中黄曲霉毒素B_1污染报道较多;辣椒粉中黄曲霉毒素B_1的污染浓度(最高浓度达968.3μg/kg)和暴露风险最大;来自农贸市场的辣椒中黄曲霉毒素B_1污染报道最多且超标率较大。研究结果可为不同国家、不同形态以及不同储藏环境的干制辣椒中黄曲霉毒素B_1的污染情况和暴露风险的研究,以及辣椒中黄曲霉毒素B_1限量标准的制修订等提供参考。     

土壤中二噁英类测定的不确定度评估

按照国家环保部标准《HJ77.4-2008土壤和沉积物二噁英类的测定同位素稀释高分辨气相色谱-高分辨质谱法》[1]的检测标准,利用同位素稀释内标法对土壤样品中二噁英质量浓度进行分析.通过建立相关的数学模型,对测量结果中的不确定度来源,如样品前处理、检测精度及标准曲线等的不确定度分量进行分析和评定,并得到量化结果,为二噁...     

镇江市某工业园区企业周边土壤重金属污染及其潜在生态风险评价

对镇江市典型工业园区3个重点行业企业用地的12个土壤样品中Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Ni和Zn等元素含量进行测定,采用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法进行了重金属污染评价.结果表明:各点位8种元素含量均小于《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》;焦化厂周边土壤中Cd元素,工业废水处置厂周边土壤中Hg元素的...     

二恶英对环境的污染及对人类的危害

《斯德哥尔摩公约》主要是关于持久性有机污染物(POPs)的相关规定,建立其公约的主要目标是为了减少持久性有机污染物的排放,有效的保护人类健康和环境。作为《斯德哥尔摩公约》的签署国之一,中国已加强机构能力的建建设,并进一步研究的污染物的排放,并对环境污染与二恶英两者之间的相关性进行评估。未来几年我国将会不断的完善有机污染物的了解,加强技术的研发和推广,履行《斯德哥尔摩公约》的承诺。本篇文章对二恶英进行相应的简析,对全球的二恶英污染进行分析,进一步探讨二恶英对人类的危害,希望对人类发展和环境污染方面的建设提供有效的建议。     

Levels,Sources, and Risk Assessment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Soils from Industrial Areas: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to assess the pollution levels, sources, and human health risk of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soils of industrial areas of the central and eastern regions of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the surface soil samples from industrial areas (cement kiln, oil refinery, electric power plant, steel industry, and desalination plant) were collected and analyzed by High-Resolution Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry-Time of Flight (HRGC-MS/MS-TOF) to quantify the levels of 26 PCBs (including 12 dioxin-like PCBs and 14 indicator-PCBs). The investigated 26 PCBs were detected in all soil samples. The total PCBs concentration (from tri-CBs to hepta-CBs) ranged from 171 to 4892 pg g^?1 with an average of 1369 pg g^?1 in soils of the central region and of 142–1231 pg g^?1 with an average of 302 in soils of the eastern region, showing higher values at cement factory and/or oil refinery sites. Overall, the indicator-PCBs were the main congeners and contributed dominantly to the total mass of PCBs in comparison with the dioxin-like PCB congeners, with the most abundant for PCB-180 in the soil samples of the central region. Among individual dioxin-like PCBs, PCB-126 had the highest average value of the toxicity equivalence (TEQ). The TEQ values of ∑12dioxin-like PCBs did not exceed the Canadian soil quality guidelines of dioxin (4 pg TEQ g^?1). Based on human health risk assessment via ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation, low adverse effects of PCBs could be expected as indicated by lower values of cancer risk (≤10^?6). The principal component analysis indicated that there is a different source of PCBs with similar or different PCB profiles.     

南昌市农田土壤和水样中氟污染的分析

采用离子选择电极的方法,研究了南昌市15处农田的土壤、地表水和地下水中氟的分布状况。结果表明,南昌市各县乡的氟含量在地域分布上没有明显的差异。     

生活垃圾焚烧发电厂二噁英的健康风险影响评价

生活垃圾焚烧发电厂产生的二噁英,因其致癌特性,严重影响人体健康。为探讨生活垃圾焚烧发电厂排放污染物中二噁英的健康风险影响评价,以广州市某大型生活垃圾焚烧厂(4000 t/d)为例,通过呼吸、土壤灰尘和皮肤接触三种不同途径摄入的二噁英暴露量、非致癌风险指数(HR)和致癌风险指数(CR)进行计算分析,结果表明生活垃圾焚烧发电厂周围居民二噁英暴露量存在一定的潜在风险。     

土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价与污染特征分析

通过对广州市新塘镇土壤中8种重金属As、Hg、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd、Pb、Cr污染现状的监测调查,应用潜在生态风险指数评价法、相关性分析、主成分分析研究了新塘、永宁、仙村三个片区表层土壤中重金属的污染状况。结果显示,各片区8种重金属含量变异系数普遍较高,重金属含量差别明显。As、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cd、Pb、Cr之间相关性显著,表明其来源相似。潜在生态风险评价指数计算结果表明,Hg、Cd为新塘镇土壤的主要污染因子,新塘片区重金属污染状况相对较重,仙村片区次之,永宁片区相对最好。     

美国污染场地风险评估模式及方法

为了控制危险物质(包括危险废物)不适当的处置、非法投弃和闲置的废弃场地所造成的环境污染,发达国家建立并逐渐完善相关法律体系,对污染场址从发现到最终修复的全过程给予了明确的法律规范.调查近年来美国污染场地治理状况及相应的风险评估现状(包括污染场地的风险评估和治理后评估及技术评估),重点研究美国污染场地风险评估发展趋势.     

化工园区环境风险管控体系构建策略探析

在我国产业化结构不断升级,化工行业迅速发展背景下,化工园区环境污染问题日益严重,对人们的正常生活构成了极为严重的影响。以下在对化学工业园区危险性进行深入分析的基础上,就构建化工园区环境风险管控体系的策略展开了详细的介绍。     

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Residential Soils from an Indian City near Power Plants Area and Assessment of Health Risk for Human Population

This article deals with the distribution, composition profiles, and possible sources of sixteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in residential soils from Korba district in Chhattisgarh State, India. Sixteen priority PAHs in soils were analyzed after ultrasonic extraction, silica gel column chromatographic cleanup, and quantitation was performed using HPLC-DAD. The concentrations of ∑16PAHs were within acceptable limits of soil quality guidelines and the study area got classified as weakly contaminated. The concentration of probable human carcinogenic PAHs in soils accounted for 10% of ∑16PAHs. The concentration of Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) accounted 1% to total PAHs. Benzo(a)pyrene Toxicity Equivalency (BaP_TEQ) for 16 PAHs was 30 ± 12 μg BaP_TEQ kg^?1. The composition profiles and molecular ratios of PAHs suggested mixed pyrogenic sources of PAHs from combustion of coal, wood, and vehicular exhaust emissions. Human health risk was assessed by calculating the lifetime average daily dose (LADD) and incremental life time cancer risk (ILCR) for human adults and children. Estimated ILCR was within safe limit (10^?6?10^?5), indicating low risk to human population. Potential risk to contaminated ground water from leaching of carcinogenic PAHs was assessed by estimating the Index of Additive Cancer Risk (IACR).     

福建省二恶英类POPs污染现状及防治对策

本文利用福建省2009年和2007年的二恶英类POPs调查数据,分析了福建省二恶英类POPs排放源的分布特征以及存在问题,并提出相关防治对策建议。     

Ecological Risk and Health Risk Assessment of Dioxin-like PCBs in Liaohe Estuarine Wetland Soils,China

Forty one soil samples were collected from Liaohe estuarine wetland in May 2009 for assessing the distribution, ecological risk, and health risk of dioxin-like PCBs (dl-PCBs). The total concentrations of 12 dl-PCBs ranged from 0.36–1.36 ng/g, with a mean value of 0.77 ng/g. The dominant dl-PCBs were Tetra-CBs, which contributed to 43.9% of the total. The ecological risk of dl-PCBs was analyzed based on the toxic equivalent (TEQ) approach. In this study, the TEQ concentrations of dl-PCBs in soils varied from 0.06–22.55 pg/g, with a mean value of 8.18 pg/g. Human health risk was evaluated based on the non carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk method. Non carcinogenic risk was measured using a hazard quotient (HQ) values for 95% upper control limit (UCL) and maximum concentrations of dl-PCBs. HQ values were lower than 1 under both exposure scenarios, which indicated that the non carcinogenic risk of dl-PCBs was negligible. Carcinogenic risk was estimated based on the criteria of ingestion, dermal contact and inhalation of soils. Carcinogenic risk values were less than 10^?6, which exhibited negligible cancer risk for infant, child and adult, respectively, through ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation pathway.