煤焦油中酚类化合物的分离及其组成结构鉴定研究进展

酚类化合物的提取是实现煤焦油高附加值利用的有效途径之一,掌握煤焦油中酚类化合物的分布情况、结构特点有助于高效分离方法的开发。针对煤焦油中粗酚的提取及精制,本文综述了碱液抽提法、溶剂萃取法和新型分离方法3类粗酚提取方法的研究现状,介绍了粗酚精制的研究进展,并讨论了不同粗酚提取、精制方法之间的优势与不足。系统阐述了光谱法、色谱法及核磁共振法3大类酚类化合物组成结构鉴定方法。探讨了该领域技术的发展趋势,认为酚类的分析鉴定需将多种先进手段结合,多层次、全方位地分析其组成及结构;粗酚的提取可以加快环保高效萃取剂的优选,推动新型萃取法的应用进度;粗酚精制在重点开发间、对甲酚及混合二甲酚高效提纯工艺的同时,加强高级酚提取的研究力度。     

煤焦油中二甲酚的提取

介绍加压气化副产品煤焦油的酸碱洗涤、酚钠盐的精制、酚钠的分解、粗酚的精制、提取二甲酚的工艺.     

煤焦油中二甲酚的提取

介绍加压气化副产品煤焦油的酸碱洗涤、酚钠盐的精制、酚钠的分解、粗酚的精制、提取二甲酚的工艺.     

气相色谱分析粗酚中酚含量

煤焦油经分馏所得的粗酚,可以采用气相色谱法测定其中的苯酚、邻苯甲酚、间甲酚,为进一步加工精制提供依据。     

中低温煤焦油深加工技术及市场前景分析

中低温煤焦油主要来源于以烟煤为原料生产半焦(兰炭)时的副产和低阶煤热解提质时的副产。介绍了中低温煤焦油的性质和组成,中低温煤焦油加氢制燃料油技术和粗酚提取和精制技术,指出随着我国兰炭工业的进一步发展和低阶煤热解提质技术的成熟和完善,我国中低温煤焦油资源量将进一步增加,中低温煤焦油加工利用前景广阔。     

煤焦油中粗酚的复合分解生产工艺研究

通常,煤焦油中会含有一定量的酚类化合物,此类化合物可以用于化工生产,且具有较高的附加值。煤焦油中酚类化合物的产出率与煤化工的生产过程、煤质等条件有关。阐述了煤焦油生产粗酚的工艺原理和各类工艺方法,筛选了最佳的工艺方案,并分析了粗酚在工业范围内的应用方式,能够为粗酚的研究和应用提供一定的参考。     

褐煤气化粗酚精制工艺介绍

介绍了褐煤气化粗酚精制工艺利用沸点不同进行精馏的原理,经原料预处理单元、精制预处理单元、精制处理单元、真空单元等工艺流程完成粗酚精制的连续化生产过程。通过对设备管道、塔内件及蒸馏换热设备等工艺特点的介绍,说明了该工艺在众多粗酚精制工艺中的优越性。     

粗酚精制工序的改进探析

从目前粗酚精制的工艺来看，存在着酚产品种类少，精制后的酚产品纯度不高，而且颜色比较深，颜色的变化快等一系列的问题。本文主要对粗酚精制工艺的改进进行了探析，从粗酚精制工序的工艺方法、有关设备的更新换代以及应用新技术等方面来提高粗酚精制后的各项质量指标。本文主要介绍了目前粗酚精制工艺的现状和存在的问题，技术改进的过程以及进行工序改进后的产品质量。     

6000t／a粗酚精制项目污染源分析及防治

一、粗酚精制工艺概况 粗酚的分离和精制有常压和减压蒸馏2种不同工艺,由于减压蒸馏可降低操作温度及降低对加热介质的温度要求,避免原料分解和高沸点物质的聚合,节约能源,有利于提高产品质量和产率,改善劳动环境,减少对环境的污染,因此粗酚精制大多采取减压蒸馏。     

中低温煤焦油中粗酚的萃取及其组分分析

针对如何提取中低温煤焦油中丰富的酚类化合物、提高其综合利用价值，采用甲醇与石油醚双溶剂法对中低温煤焦油进行萃取分离，有针对性的富集其中的酚类化合物并得到粗酚产品，并研究了其组成分布。结果表明：中低温煤焦油的GC/MS分析可检测到108种化合物，主要有酚类化合物、烃类化合物、萘类化合物、苯类化合物、蒽菲类化合物。当煤焦油与甲醇、石油醚的混合比例为0.25∶1∶2时对煤焦油中的粗酚萃取效果较好，酚类物质主要集中在甲醇萃取相中。     

Extraction into a flow of a fluid with a velocity gradient

Unsteady extraction from a system of semi-infinite capillaries to the flow of a fluid with a linear velocity gradient is studied. An assumption that the diffusion in the flow is a quasi-steady-state process is taken to obtain a linear equation for the local mass flux from the pore space, which involves fractional derivatives with respect to time and flow coordinate. Limiting solutions for the total diffusion flux at small and large times that cover the entire time interval are found.     

Electrolytes: From a Thorn Comes a Rose,and from a Rose,a Thorn

In this article we take a stroll through the metaphorical rose garden, part of the flower garden, that is electrochemical storage systems. We take a closer look at batteries as the center‐pieces – the roses – and especially at the system component of batteries, the electrolyte and its development, throughout history. Just as a rose can only develop its unique beauty when taken good care of and provided with clean water and suitable nutrients, a battery cell cannot function without its electrolyte; the seemingly trivial component that has to juggle a multitude of requirements in order to make batteries truly bloom.     

Propagation of a burning front over a condensed material from a focus

Measured propagation speeds are given for the combustion front in a blind gap in a condensed substance, which are related to gap height and mean pressure. The front may propagate monotonically, which is characteristic of relatively high pressures and wide gaps, or as a result of additional burning foci arising at a certain distance from the main front. At low pressures and particularly with small gap heights, the front propagates in an unstable fashion over the surface.Moscow. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 28, No. 4, pp. 49–53, July–August, 1992.     

Mesomorphic transitions in a mixture of a flexible and a semi-rigid polymer

Phase studies on a mixture of two polymers are presented, one of which is mesomorphic. We have systematically examined the influence of the molecular weight of the flexible polymer (including the oligomers) and of the semi-flexible polymer. In addition to the effect of the molecular weight, specific interactions are important for compatibility and formation of a homogeneous mesomorphic phase. The nature of this phase is demonstrated to be cholesteric and the pitch is determined.     

When is a Beam a Plate?

Formulas associated with simple beam or plate theories are used extensively in structural design, to determine You's modulus, and to determine fracture strength of brittle nonmetallic materials. The question may arise as to whether the proper ratio of beam-width-to-beam-depth is such that the bent structural element can be considered as a beam and, if not, what is the correction factor that should be used with the simple beam formula. These questions are answered for a range of structural metallic and brittle nonmetallic materials.     

Laminar flow deformation of a droplet adhering to a wall in a channel

We study the deformation of oil droplets of varying viscosity adhering to a solid, rigid wall in a rectangular channel induced by a pressure-driven, laminar flow of water. Our experimental investigation involves the systematic study of the effects of initial droplet volume, flow rate and viscosity ratio on the various modes of droplet motion and deformation; this is performed via direct visualisation of the flow in a glass cell using a high-speed camera. Our results are used to construct flow maps that delineate the critical conditions for droplet ‘sliding’, ‘crawling’ and detachment from the channel wall as a function of system parameters. Comparisons of our experimental results with numerical predictions obtained using a procedure based on the diffuse-interface method yield reasonably good agreement for certain flow regimes.     

Detonation of a Column of a Chemically Active Bubbly Medium in a Liquid

The problem of a detonation wave propagating in a cylindrical column of a chemically active bubbly medium screened by a liquid from the tube walls is formulated and numerically solved within the framework of the Iordanskii–Kogarko two-phase model with allowance for energy dissipation due to acoustic radiation of bubbles. The wave structure of the reaction zone and the detonation velocity of the bubbly medium column are calculated. It is found that the self-sustaining wave can propagate with a velocity greater than the velocity of one-dimensional bubble detonation by a factor of 1.5–2.5.