复配阻垢剂对硫酸钡阻垢效果实验

采用钡离子络合滴定法,展开了不同类型的硫酸钡垢阻垢剂复配实验研究。阻垢剂DTPMPA和TM-5A按2∶1复配时,阻垢率为88. 4%;阻垢剂DTPMPA、TPA与TM-5A按3∶1∶1复配时,阻垢率为90. 31%。在上述两种复配比例下,考察了阻垢剂浓度、温度、矿化度、p H值4种因素对硫酸钡垢阻垢效果的影响。结果表明,两种复配阻垢剂的阻垢率曲线变化整体趋势相似:随复配阻垢剂浓度的增加阻垢率先增大再缓慢减小;随温度的增加阻垢率先增大再减小,75℃时阻垢效果最佳;随矿化度增加阻垢率先增大再小幅度减小;随p H值增加阻垢率先增大再减小,p H=7. 5时阻垢效果最佳。DTPMP、TPA与TM-5A按3∶1∶1复配时,阻垢率曲线起伏变化较大,复配阻垢剂稳定性较差; DTPMPA与TM-5A按2∶1复配时,各因素作用下阻垢效果均较为稳定,阻垢率达到88. 4%。     

复配阻垢剂对硫酸钡阻垢效果实验

采用钡离子络合滴定法,展开了不同类型的硫酸钡垢阻垢剂复配实验研究。阻垢剂DTPMPA和TM-5A按2∶1复配时,阻垢率为88. 4%;阻垢剂DTPMPA、TPA与TM-5A按3∶1∶1复配时,阻垢率为90. 31%。在上述两种复配比例下,考察了阻垢剂浓度、温度、矿化度、p H值4种因素对硫酸钡垢阻垢效果的影响。结果表明,两种复配阻垢剂的阻垢率曲线变化整体趋势相似:随复配阻垢剂浓度的增加阻垢率先增大再缓慢减小;随温度的增加阻垢率先增大再减小,75℃时阻垢效果最佳;随矿化度增加阻垢率先增大再小幅度减小;随p H值增加阻垢率先增大再减小,p H=7. 5时阻垢效果最佳。DTPMP、TPA与TM-5A按3∶1∶1复配时,阻垢率曲线起伏变化较大,复配阻垢剂稳定性较差; DTPMPA与TM-5A按2∶1复配时,各因素作用下阻垢效果均较为稳定,阻垢率达到88. 4%。     

HPMA和EDTMPS复合有机阻垢剂的阻垢性能

对水解聚马来酸酐（HPMA）和乙二胺四亚甲叉膦酸钠（EDTMPS）的复配物阻垢性能进行研究。考察阻垢剂添加量、pH值、Ca^2＋浓度、HCO3^-浓度、恒温时间对阻垢率的影响。实验发现,当HPMA和EDTMPS质量配比为3：1,总加入量为10mg／L时效果最佳,阻垢率达98％。复配物阻垢性能受时间的影响较小,受Ca^2＋浓度的影响较大。     

有机膦酸盐阻垢性能对比研究

采用静态阻垢实验方法及新型动态PMAC方法研究了PAPEMP,PBTC,BHMTPMPA,POCA,HEDP,EDTMPS及DTPMPA 7种有机膦酸阻垢剂对碳酸钙的阻垢性能。静态试验结果表明:在温度为80℃,总硬度为240 mg/L和400 mg/L的不同条件下,PAPEMP阻垢性能最佳,对碳酸钙的阻垢率分别为98.1%和96.4%。PMAC测试结果显示PAPEMP阻垢效果最佳,该结果与静态阻垢实验结果吻合。利用扫描电镜对有机磷PAPEMP的阻垢机理进行了深入研究。     

复配阻垢剂对碳酸钙阻垢效果研究

本实验选取HYZ、CD-1、1#、2#、3#五种不同类型的阻垢剂进行阻垢剂复配,在常压、温度为65℃和75℃条件下评价阻垢效果。实验结果表明,阻垢剂的阻垢效果随阻垢剂加量的变化而波动,即存在阻垢剂最佳加量,且除阻垢剂HYZ和1#、HYZ和2#外,其他复配阻垢剂的阻垢效果随温度的升高而明显降低。阻垢剂HYZ和2#复配在65℃,阻垢剂加量50m g/L时,阻垢效果最好,阻垢率高达98.41%。     

模拟高矿化度矿井水阻垢缓蚀剂的研究

采用碳酸钙沉积法测定5种单一阻垢剂对CaCO3的阻垢效果,聚环氧琥珀酸（PESA）的最佳使用质量浓度为15mg／L时,其阻垢率达到75．3％;在含磷类阻垢剂中,2-膦酸基-1,2,4-三羧基丁烷（PBTCA）的最佳使用质量浓度为20mg／L时,其阻垢率达到76．1％。PESA与PBTCA的浓度比为10：15时,阻垢率可达94．2％。通过正交实验和平行实验,确定三元阻垢剂的最佳配比,即ρ（PESA）：ρ（PBTCA）：ρ（TS-623）（丙烯酸-AMPS三元共聚物）=8：12：8,阻垢率达到96．5％,阻垢效果最佳,且磷含量较低,价格合理,是较为理想的复配型阻垢剂。静态阻垢实验和中试规模的动态试验结果表明,本实验研究的阻垢缓蚀剂能完全适用于工业循环冷却水系统。     

PESA/钨酸钠复配缓蚀阻垢剂协同性能研究

本文以PESA/钨酸钠作为复合试剂,考察了对电厂循环冷却水的缓蚀阻垢性能。实验结果表明,与TH-3100、PAA和HEDP相比,PESA对碳酸钙有较高的阻垢性能;钨酸钠单独使用时缓蚀性能较低,与阻垢剂复配使用后,其缓蚀率均上升;PESA∶钨酸钠最佳缓蚀阻垢配比为2∶1,当投加质量比分别为16mg/l和8mg/l时,复合试剂的阻垢率达到了96.3%,缓蚀率也达到了47.2%。与传统缓蚀阻垢剂相比,PESA/钨酸钠对环境的污染较少,本研究有一定应用价值!     

TH-60硫酸钡阻垢剂的研制及应用

根据华庆油田水质特点,研制了一种以环氧琥珀酸为主剂,并复配以表面活性剂、助剂、溶剂的阻垢剂TH-60,阻垢剂TH-60对钡、锶、钙离子均有阻垢效果,尤其对硫酸钡的阻垢性能最佳。室内研究表明,在SO2-4质量浓度为1 600 mg/L,Ba2+质量浓度为700 mg/L,阻垢剂质量浓度为100 mg/L,对硫酸钡垢的阻垢率达到75%。     

高尚堡油田复合阻垢剂优选实验研究

针对高尚堡油田注水井碳酸钙垢结垢严重问题,开展适用于高尚堡油田耐温高效复合阻垢剂的筛选与评价工作.实验对膦酰基羧酸共聚物(POCA)、多氨基多醚基亚甲基膦酸(PAPEMP)、二乙烯三胺五甲叉膦酸(DTPMPA)、水解聚马来酸酐(HPMA)、乙二胺四亚甲基磷酸钠(EDTPMS)、聚天冬氨酸(PAPS)共6种阻垢剂的耐温性和阻垢能力进行了评价,其中PAPEMP、DTPMPA和POCA 3种阻垢剂在120℃时的阻垢率在80％以上,满足高尚堡油田注水井阻垢要求.将上述3种阻垢剂按比例进行复配评价,静态实验结果发现DTPMPA与POCA复配比例为1:1,加量100 mg·L-1时阻垢效果最好,在120℃下对碳酸钙垢的阻垢率可以达到85％.最后分别对两种复配阻垢剂的动态阻垢效果进行了评价.实验结果表明,两种复配阻垢剂对管线的伤害均较小,DTPMPA-POCA复配阻垢剂对岩心的伤害程度低于DTPMPA-PAPEMP复配阻垢剂,前者驱替70 PV对岩心伤害程度在10％左右,后者对岩心伤害程度在20％左右,因此推荐DTPMPA-POCA复合阻垢剂进行高尚堡油田注入水防垢作业.     

反渗透膜阻垢剂阻垢效果的比较研究

本试验采用正交实验法研究了水样含盐量（3个水平），阻垢剂种类（3个水平），阻垢剂量（3个水平）等三个因素及不同水平对反渗透阻垢剂的阻垢效果的影响。试验结果表明：反渗透阻垢剂ZD-01与国外具有代表性的阻垢剂如W-01和W-02，在CaCO3阻垢效能方面效果相当。在含盐量为1000—5000mg／L，阻垢剂量为3～7mg／L时，阻垢剂的阻垢率均超过85％。     

阻垢剂作用机理研究进展

本文回顾了阻垢剂的发展历程 ,并对阻垢性能研究与评价方法、阻垢剂对成垢盐沉积抑制作用的研究状况以及阻垢作用机理作了综述 ,在此基础上提出了有待进一步研究的几个问题。     

超声波对成垢离子的影响及防垢效果分析

阐述了超声波防垢机理,通过实验研究单、双超声波对成垢离子浓度和防垢效果的影响.结果表明过滤和未过滤的水质中成垢离子浓度存在差异,证明溶液中存在微晶.揭示了超声波抑制成垢离子向微晶转化减缓微晶增长为沉淀的趋势,降低了结垢速度.双超声波防垢率低于单超声波,说明超声波不能简单地叠加使用.     

Impurity Effects on Alumina Scale Growth

Most high-temperature-resistant alloys oxidize to form an external alumina layer, or scale, whose slow growth protects the underlying alloy from continued aggressive oxidation. The growth of the Al₂O₃ scale is controlled by the transport of oxygen inward and aluminum outward through it, with the rate dominated by the fastest diffusing species down the fastest path. Components in the alloy can be incorporated into the growing Al₂O₃ layer, hence affect the transport rates of oxygen and/or aluminum. This paper summarizes existing experimental data to assess the possible effect of these incorporated impurities on the growth rate and transport properties of Al₂O₃ scales formed on Fe-, Ni-, and Pt-based alloys. The amount and distribution of the alloy base metal, sulfur impurity, and reactive elements, such as Hf, Y, Zr, and Ce, in the alumina scale are evaluated. Their effect on the oxidation and transport rates through the scale are discussed and compared with Al and O diffusion rates deduced from creep studies.     

Scale development based on likelihood cross-validation

The use of likelihood cross-validation for guiding the scale development process is formulated and demonstrated, including choosing the number of factors, assessing item-factor allocations suggested by rotations, adjusting those allocations, reducing the number of factors, removing items, and assessing the applicability of scales to subjects other than those for whom it was originally developed. An example analysis is presented on the development of scales to measure how parents caring for a child with a chronic condition view their family's management of that condition.     

对乙烯装置规模的看法

本文介绍了国内外乙烯生产的规模概况，较为详细地叙述了装置规模与技术经济的关系，提出了发展我国乙烘工业选择装置规模的看法。     

Scale esterase

Body scales of the silk mothAntheraea polyphemus contain an esterase which can degrade the female sex pheromone of this species. This esterase, which appears to be stabilized to the scale cuticle, is present in both sexes, but is species specific. The enzyme may play a significant role in the behaviors associated with sex-pheromone attraction, helping to filter out stimulus noise by degrading adsorbed pheromone, thus preventing adsoptive body surfaces from becoming uncontrolled pheromone sources.     

Gas-Assisted Oilseed Pressing on an Industrial Scale

In previous work, gas-assisted pressing (GAP) was evaluated in linear piston oil presses. These tests were important to determine optimal operating conditions and the effective mechanisms of GAP operations in modified-cage screw presses. To test whether this technique can be applied on an industrial scale, a GAP screw-press test run of rapeseed was performed on an industrial scale. Residual oil levels were reduced to 7.7 wt% by gas assistance at an average CO₂ pressure of 12.5 MPa compared with 9.9 wt% achieved by conventional pressing with the same process. The high residual values were due to the cold pre-pressing nature of the experiment. The test run achieved a steady-state operation. Oil quality was improved, and a payback period of investment under these conditions was conservatively calculated to be approximately 3 years. A predictive model of the increase in oil yield achievable with gas assistance is presented, and the results indicate that a temperature decrease below 361 K results in an even better oil yield. Therefore, gas assistance is a promising technique for the cold pressing of oilseeds.     

防滑涂料在汽车衡中的应用

针对汽车衡传统防滑方式的不足,研制出一种新型的高性能汽车衡用防滑涂料,该防滑涂料具有摩擦系数高、防腐性好、使用寿命长等特点,可明显提高汽车行驶通过安全性,降低衡器维修频率,降低使用成本。该防滑涂料以其优越性,已在越来越多的汽车衡上应用。