Ti添加量对B_4C-Ti复合陶瓷力学性能的影响

采用热压烧结在1680℃下制备得到了(100-x)B_4C-x Ti(x=0~40)(质量分数,%)陶瓷,并研究了Ti(x=0~40)添加量对B_4C陶瓷微观形貌及力学性能的影响。结果表明:Ti元素可以促进B_4C陶瓷的烧结,其相对密度随Ti含量增加先增大后趋于稳定,当Ti添加量达到40%时,样品相对密度约为99.5%。XRD结果表明,样品中除B_4C和未反应的Ti之外,还有Ti C和Ti B_2相出现,且随Ti含量增加,两者的衍射峰逐渐增强;随Ti添加量增加,样品的抗弯强度、硬度以及断裂韧性均增大,在Ti添加量为40%时,分别达到481 MPa、8280 MPa、18.55 MPa·mm~(1/2)。分析其原因认为,由于Ti与B_4C发生界面反应,在界面处生成Ti C和Ti B_2相过渡层,联结了B_4C基体与Ti,起到了桥联增韧的作用,使材料的力学性能得到改善。     

B_4C/TA19复合材料显微组织和力学性能研究

纳米碳化硼(B_4C)颗粒与TA19钛合金球形粉末经球磨混合后,采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)成功制备出增强相呈准连续网状分布的B_4C/TA19复合材料。研究了增强体B_4C对复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,B_4C颗粒的加入可以明显提高材料的抗拉强度,当B_4C颗粒的添加量为0.5%时,复合材料的抗拉强度从原始的986.8 MPa提高至1191.2 MPa,提升幅度达20.7%。当B_4C添加量为0.1%时,复合材料具有较为优异的强塑性匹配,抗拉强度为1065.3 MPa,相比TA19钛合金提高了8.0%,延伸率为13.4%。复合材料的强化机理主要为细晶强化及网状结构的界面强化。     

Si粉对B4C放电等离子烧结性能和力学性能的影响

以Si粉为烧结助剂,采用放电等离子烧结工艺,在1600℃/50MPa下制备出了SiC/B4C陶瓷基复合材料。研究了Si添加量和保温时间对B4C基体SPS烧结性能和力学性能的影响。借助X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析了复合材料的物相组成和微观结构。结果表明:Si粉与B4C基体中的C发生反应,生成SiC相。Si粉的添加可以显著提高复合材料的烧结性能和力学性能。当Si添加量为20%时(质量分数,下同),复合材料的维氏硬度和抗弯强度分别可以达到43.46GPa和529.3MPa。致密度的提高以及断裂模式的转变是复合材料力学性能提高的主要原因。     

B_4C对ZrB_2-SiC基陶瓷力学性能和显微结构的影响

采用放电等离子烧结方法(SPS),在烧结温度为1700 ℃下,制备出ZrB_2-SiC-B_4C复合材料,研究了添加不同量的碳化硼(B_4C)对BrB_2-SiC基陶瓷力学性能和微观组织的影响.结果表明:ZrB_2-SiC-5%B_4C(质量分数, 下同)材料的高温强度高于ZrB_2-SiC-3%B_4C材料的高温强度,两种材料的致密度都在95%左右.加入B4C之后,材料的断裂韧性较未加入B4C材料的高.     

CaO掺杂对10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷烧结致密化的影响

采用冷压烧结技术制备了CaO掺杂的10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷,研究了CaO掺杂量及烧结温度对10NiO-NiFe2O4复合陶瓷物相组成、显微结构及致密度的影响。结果表明:当CaO掺杂量为0~4%(质量分数)时,烧结样品中主要含有NiO和NiFe2O4两种,CaO与10NiO-NiFe2O4陶瓷组分反应并形成低熔点相,且Ca2 离子固溶到基体组分中,促进致密化烧结,降低了烧结温度;当CaO掺杂量为4%时,过剩的CaO存在于陶瓷颗粒间,抑制了致密化过程的进行;于1 200℃烧结时,2?O掺杂样品的相对密度最大,达到98.75%,比未掺杂样品的相对密度提高近24%;当烧结温度从1 200当升高到1 400℃时,CaO掺杂量为0、0.5%和1.0%的样品相对密度提高20%以上,但当CaO掺杂量为2%和4%时,陶瓷样品相对密度反而下降,且晶粒明显长大。     

CeO_2对Ti811表面钛基激光熔覆层微观组织及性能的影响

采用同步送粉激光熔覆技术,在Ti811钛合金表面制备了不同CeO_2含量的TC4+Ni45+CeO_2多道搭接激光熔覆层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了不同稀土添加量对熔覆层组织形貌的影响,利用能谱分析仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层的微观组织和相组成,利用显微硬度计测试了涂层的显微硬度。结果表明,在不同CeO_2添加量条件下,熔覆层生成相基本相同,主要包括Ti C、金属间化合物Ti_2Ni、TiB和基底α-Ti。随着CeO_2添加量的增加,熔体对流性增加,反应生成相得到明显细化。当CeO_2添加量为2%和3%时,涂层中生成相分布较为均匀。当涂层中加入CeO_2后,涂层的显微硬度较基底有明显提高,当CeO_2添加量为3%时,涂层的显微硬度相比未添加的CeO_2的涂层有所降低。     

K+掺杂改性的Ca3Co4O9基氧化物热电性能

用溶胶-凝胶法和放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备了层片状结构的(Ca1-xKx)3Co4O4陶瓷,烧结块体相对密度可达97%～99%.XRD(X-ray Diffraction)和SEM(Scanning Electronic Microscope)分析结果表明当K的掺杂量x＜0.08时为单一的Ca3Co4O9相,SPS烧结可以使样品带有一定的织构取向.在室温至700℃的范围内测量了不同K掺杂量时样品电导率和Seeback系数,测试结果表明,当K的掺入量小于0.06时,随着掺入量的增加,可以显著提高样品的电导率(400℃～700℃)和Seebeck系数.其中,700℃时(K0.06Ca0.94)3Co4O9样品的功率因子P=4.43×10-4W·m.-1K-2,与Ca3Co4O9(P=3.51×10-4W.m.-1K-2)相比提高了26.2%,表明K掺杂是改善Ca3Co4O9高温热电性能的有效途径之一.     

SPS反应烧结HfB_2复合材料的制备和性能

针对HfB_2陶瓷材料难烧结和韧性差等问题,选择ZrC粉、Si粉和C粉为烧结助剂,借助ZrC-Si-C间的原位反应生成ZrSi_2和SiC,促进HfB_2陶瓷的烧结,并提高HfB_2陶瓷的综合力学性能。结果表明,HfB_2与烧结助剂的混合粉体经放电等离子烧结(SPS)在1600℃保温10 min和40 MPa的压力条件下制备出相对密度为96.6 1%的HfB_2-ZrSi_2-SiC复合材料,所制样品的硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性均随着烧结助剂ZrC-Si-C含量的增加呈现先上升后降低的趋势。当ZrC-Si-C添加量为10%时所制备样品的综合力学性能最好,其硬度值为26.80±1.2 GPa、抗弯强度为504±40 MPa、断裂韧性值为4.66±0.21 MPa·m~(1/2)。     

TiB_2对γ-TiAl基合金粉末放电等离子烧结行为的影响

采用机械球磨方法制备了含TiB_2的γ-TiAl基合金粉末,并利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)技术制备了其合金粉末烧结体。结合X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析方法对球磨合金粉末的形貌、相组成及其SPS烧结体的显微组织结构进行观察,分析其致密化及微观组织演化过程,并利用万用拉伸试验机对烧结体的室温力学性能进行测试。结果表明:球磨处理后γ-TiAl基合金粉末呈现近球状和不规则形状粉末;粉末的相组成以α_2相为主,同时含有一定量的γ相和少量的B_2相。提高烧结温度可促进γ-TiAl基合金粉末SPS烧结致密化过程,适量的TiB_2的添加也能够有效降低合金粉末SPS快速致密化的起始温度。当TiB_2添加量为0.2%(质量分数)时,合金粉末在1100℃、40 MPa、10 min条件下烧结,其显微组织呈现出由γ晶、α_2晶和α_2/γ片层结构组成的混合组织结构,各相分布均匀且晶粒细小,其所对应的室温抗拉强度也最高。     

机床用WC/Al_2O_3复相陶瓷刀具材料的研究

以WC和α-Al_2O_3为主要原料,采用真空热压烧结工艺制备机床用WC/Al_2O_3复相陶瓷刀具材料。测试和分析了烧结样品的相对密度、弯曲强度、断裂韧度、硬度值、相组成以及显微结构。结果表明,当WC添加量为75%,微米α-Al_2O_3添加量为25%,烧结温度为1 600℃时,所制备的WC/Al_2O_3复相陶瓷刀具材料性能最佳,相对密度值为99.1%,弯曲强度为706.3 MPa,断裂韧度为8.91 MPa·m1/2,硬度值为19.14 GPa。最佳样品的主晶相为碳化钨(WC)和刚玉(Al_2O_3)。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.