啤酒厂二氧化碳的回收和利用

啤酒生产过程中产生的二氧化碳,通过二氧化碳回收设备回收后,再利用于啤酒的生产过程,减少外购二氧化碳数量,不仅可以降低啤酒的生产成本,同时减少二氧化碳的排放。本文侧重于啤酒厂如何提高二氧化碳的回收率,如何控制回收二氧化碳的质量、在保证啤酒质量的前提下,达到自给自足的水平。     

二氧化碳净化处理系统中活性炭的检测及更换

通过二氧化碳净化处理系统中活性炭的定期检测和更换,可提高二氧化碳的回收质量,对提高啤酒的新鲜度、降低生产成本、保证食品安全具有重要的意义。     

浅谈二氧化碳回收设备

二氧化碳的充分回收对啤酒生产有着重要意义,本文详细讨论二氧化碳回收及回收设备的用途。一、啤酒生产中可回收的二氧化碳量在发酵过程中,葡萄糖转化为乙醇和二氧化碳,化学反应公式:C_6H_(12)O_6 酵母=2CO_2 2C_2H_5O 22KCAL     

啤酒工程CO2回收与使用的探讨

二氧化碳（CO2）是啤酒发酵过程主要代谢产物之一,也是啤酒生产不可或缺的物料;本文通过CO2理论回收量、实际回收量计算、回收与使用实例综述,探讨啤酒工厂CO2回收量提高,以及使用量降低（即循环使用）的方案。     

液态二氧化碳冷能回收再利用

二氧化碳气体是啤酒生产过程中必不可缺的重要气源之一。高效回收啤酒发酵过程中产生的二氧化碳气体，是提高啤酒质量的重要因素。     

置换法回收滤酒结束后发酵罐内的二氧化碳

发酵罐啤酒液过滤结束后，罐内残留高纯度的二氧化碳，如果不回收将造成一定的浪费。尤其在淡季投料量较少的情况下，二氧化碳使用量大但回收量少，可能一边排放二氧化碳污染环境，一边采购二氧化碳或开制氮机来满足生产。金星啤酒集团通过摸索，总结出一套通过置换回收滤酒结束后发酵罐残留二氧化碳的方法，回收了高纯度的二氧化碳，可以降低生产成本。     

啤酒二氧化碳的回收和使用控制

啤酒生产中CO_2的用途主要有两点：一是直接添加至酒体中;二是用于过程的气封隔氧。二氧化碳控制不到位,会出现回收达不到理论值,需要外购二氧化碳,另外,如回收二氧化碳处理不干净,会给啤酒口味带来影响。     

建立检测二氧化碳总硫／分项硫的方法

啤酒企业作为二氧化碳的回收生产和使用单位．对于二氧化碳的使用标准很为关注。     

二氧化碳回收及利用

通过把啤酒生产过程中产生二氧化碳的净化、液化、贮存再利用，从而达到节能降耗，提高啤酒的品质的目的。     

啤酒厂二氧化碳回收量的计算

通过实例综述了啤酒生产过程中二氧化碳回收量的理论计算方法。     

Survey of iron,zinc, calcium,copper, lead,and cadmium in rice samples grown in Iran

In the present study ninety nine polished white rice samples were collected in three areas, all over Lorestan Province located in the west of Iran, and analysed for six elements by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). For individual elements, Zinc (Zn) showed the highest concentration among the analysed essential elements with a mean of 28.6 mg kg^?1 and next to copper (Cu) of 22.8 mg kg^?1. Analysis of the essential and toxic elements for possible inter-area variation by ANOVA showed that there are significant differences between the areas. There was no significant difference between areas for Zn concentrations. Most of the samples nearly contained world wide average concentration of iron (Fe) and Zn in rice grains that were reported by various researches. But, the content of calcium (Ca) in the rice samples produced in Lorestan Province were much lower than other countries, meanwhile Cu concentrations were much higher than other studies. Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) concentrations in the sampled rice were lower in comparison with their upper limits (0.1 and 0.2 mg kg^?1 for Cd and Pb, respectively) approved by Iranian Ministry of Health. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no health problems result from Lorestan rice consumption, for these two elements.     

Lead, chromium, tin, iron and cadmium in foods in welded cans

The levels of lead, chromium, tin, iron and cadmium in fruit and vegetables in welded tinplate cans were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The levels found were compared with those in foods in soldered tinplate cans and fresh foods. The results show that the lead levels in foods in welded cans were much lower than those in similar foods in soldered cans. Foods in unlacquered welded cans contain much more lead, chromium and tin than foods in lacquered welded cans. The cadmium and iron levels in canned fruit and vegetables in welded cans were similar to those found in the corresponding fresh foods.     

隆回富硒区野生水芹中Ca、Mg、Fe、Se、Zn、Cu含量研究

利用原子吸收光谱法研究隆回富硒区野生水芹中Ca、Mg、Fe、Se、Zn、Cu六种元素的含量。结果表明:隆回富硒区野生新鲜水芹菜中Zn、Cu、Fe、Mg、Ca、Se分别达到1.4277×10-4、0.7853×10-4、90.4767×10-4、321.8782×10-4、1313.3938×10-4、1.46×10-4μg/g,水分含量为13.4%的干水芹菜中含量分别为69.01、9.42、1066.38、3540.66、14312.92、0.154μg/g。除Zn的含量低于芹菜外,其它各元素的含量均高于所列的常见蔬菜,其中Fe含量是普通蔬菜的45～7.5倍、Ca含量是普通蔬菜的13-1.6倍、Se含量是普通蔬菜的9.7～2.4倍。     

Engaging in paced mating, but neither exploratory, anti-anxiety, nor social behavior, increases 5alpha-reduced progestin concentrations in midbrain, hippocampus, striatum, and cortex

Sequential actions of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) and progesterone (P(4)) in the hypothalamus and the P(4) metabolite, 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one (3alpha,5alpha-THP), in the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA) respectively mediate the initiation and intensity of lordosis of female rats and may also modulate anxiety and social behaviors, through actions in these, and/or other brain regions. Biosynthesis of E(2), P(4), and 3alpha,5alpha-THP can also occur in brain, independent of peripheral gland secretion, in response to environmental/behavioral stimuli. The extent to which engaging in tasks related to reproductive behaviors and/or mating increased E(2) or progestin concentrations in brain was investigated. In Experiment 1, proestrous rats were randomly assigned to be tested in individual tasks, including the open field, elevated plus maze, partner preference, social interaction, or no test control, in conjunction with paced mating or no mating. Engaging in paced mating, but not other behaviors, significantly increased dihydroprogesterone (DHP) and 3alpha,5alpha-THP levels in midbrain, hippocampus, striatum, and cortex. In Experiment 2, proestrous rats were tested in the combinations of the above tasks (open field and elevated plus maze, partner preference, and social interaction) with or without paced mating. As in Experiment 1, only engaging in paced mating increased DHP and 3alpha,5alpha-THP concentrations in midbrain, hippocampus, striatum, and cortex. Thus, paced mating enhances concentrations of 5alpha-reduced progestins in brain areas associated with reproduction (midbrain), as well as exploration/anxiety (hippocampus and striatum) and social behavior (cortex).     

Hormones, metabolites, and reproduction in Holsteins, Jerseys, and their crosses

Holsteins (HH), Jerseys (JJ), and their crosses in first (n=157) and second (n=107) lactation were used to determine if reproduction, progesterone (P4), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and milk production differed between genetic groups. Thirty-four cows were Holstein-Jersey (HJ) crosses, 46 were Jersey-Holstein (JH) crosses, 48 were purebred Holsteins (HH), and 29 were purebred Jerseys (JJ) in first lactation, whereas the second-lactation animals included 23 HJ, 35 JH, 35 HH, and 14 JJ. Blood samples were collected weekly for the first 10 wk postpartum. Analyses were conducted using the MIXED, chi-square, and GLIMMIX procedures (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Seasons of calving were cold (November to May) and hot (June to October) and were combined with year to form 8 year-seasons. Days open and number of services were affected by genetic group. The HH were open 169±8 d, which was greater than HJ (143±9 d), JJ (132±10 d), and JH (127±8 d). The HH had 2.4±0.1 services per pregnancy, which was greater than JH (1.9±0.1), but not different from HJ (2.1±0.2) or JJ (2.1±0.2). Concentrations of NEFA were greater in lactation 2 (0.52±0.02 mEq/L) than in lactation 1 (0.45±0.02 mEq/L) and decreased over the 10-wk period. Concentrations of NEFA were greater in the cold season except in yr 3. Insulin in lactation 1 (0.81±0.03 ng/mL) was greater than in lactation 2 (0.72±0.03 ng/mL); insulin decreased to wk 2 then gradually increased. The HJ had the greatest insulin concentrations (0.87±0.04 ng/mL) and the JJ had the lowest (0.66±0.04 ng/mL), and IGF-1 gradually increased over the 10-wk period. Milk production (actual yield in the first 305 d, not adjusted for fat and protein) was affected by genetic group, lactation number, year-season, and wk 1 insulin. The HH produced 10,348±207 kg of milk, which was greater than the HJ (9,129±230 kg), the JH (9,384±190 kg), and the JJ (7,080±240 kg). Milk production in lactation 2 (9,676±163 kg) was greater than that in lactation 1 (8,294±160 kg). The JJ (10.3±4.7%) had the highest frequency of mastitis. The chance of getting mastitis for HH (1.1±0.9%) differed from that for HJ (9.4±4.1%), JH (8.1±3.4%), and JJ (10.3±4.7%). Genetic group affected hormones and metabolites, which may partially explain differences in reproductive measures and milk yield.     

eFFFE纤维技术的创新：性能、应用和机会

叙述了W．L．Gore＆Associates公司ePTFE纤维的新发展：高温下的高拉伸强度、改善的耐磨性、一致的纤维直径、特定用途的密度、符合要求的表面结构、可在广泛范围内调节的弹性模量,以及能与大量填料结合的能力。应用一项待审的专利技术可能是首次制成了新型稳定化的低收缩100％PTFE织物。     

卷烟中锂、铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、钼、镉、铊和铅含量分析

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了41个牌号烤烟型卷烟和雪茄烟样品烟丝中的锂、铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、钼、镉、铊和铅含量,并按照类型和价位对卷烟中这10种有害元素含量进行了统计分析。结果发现:①卷烟中锂和铜的含量较高,铊的含量很低,铬、镍、镉、铅、砷、硒和钼7种元素的平均含量为0.55～4.42μg/g;②雪茄烟中铬、镍、砷、钼、镉、铊和铅的含量一般高于烤烟型卷烟,而硒元素的含量则相反,但差别较小;烤烟型卷烟中锂和铜的含量与雪茄烟没有显著差异;③高档卷烟中的锂、镍、镉、铊和铬含量较低,而砷、铅的含量较高;不同价位卷烟的铜、硒和钼含量差异不显著。