燃煤环形套筒窑的清洁燃烧方案设计

基于环形套筒窑的结构特点,提出了集煤粉分相燃烧、无焰燃烧、废气循环、烟气喷射技术于一体的燃煤环形套筒窑的清洁燃烧方案。重点阐述了燃煤环形套筒窑的燃烧室结构特点、煤粉燃烧特性及分相燃烧技术的控制。通过对比燃煤环形套筒窑与燃气环形套筒窑的无焰燃烧条件,提出实现燃煤环形套筒窑无焰燃烧的工艺结构调整途径,并首次在国内煤化工项目上实施应用,成功将煤粉燃烧系统引入环形套筒窑,使之成为节能、低NO。低S0,排放的煤粉清洁燃烧装备,进一步拓展了环形套筒窑在石灰行业的应用。     

从燃烧温度分析套筒窑燃烧高炉煤气的可行性

计算了传统工艺下套筒窑燃烧高炉煤气时下燃烧室的燃烧温度并分析了其不可行性,并就采用燃气预热技术、高效喷射技术及无焰燃烧技术对下燃烧室燃烧温度的影响进行计算分析,从而得出套筒窑燃烧高炉煤气的可行性,并给出若干措施及建议。     

无焰燃烧技术在阳煤电石环形套筒窑中的应用

对无焰燃烧技术的原理进行了分析和阐述,并对阳煤套筒窑的产量、石灰质量和热耗进行了分析对比。结果表明,实现无焰燃烧技术后,热耗大大降低;实际热耗约为3 600.648kJ/kg(860kcal/kg),比相似工况的环形套筒窑节约10%左右能量。     

燃煤环形套筒窑内氧化镁高温还原的初步研究

燃煤环形套筒窑在中国石灰窑行业首次成功运行,石灰的活性度为383.8 mL,氧化钙质量分数为93.08%,实现了燃煤环形套筒窑的高效清洁燃烧。针对项目试运行阶段原料与产品中的氧化镁存在收支不平衡问题,从热力学分析、实验验证、现场数据分析等几个方面入手,分析验证了窑内氧化镁高温还原的可能性,并对窑内氧化镁的物料平衡、氧化镁还原挥发富集过程等进行了分析。根据燃煤套筒窑原料石灰石中高钙镁比条件进行了模拟煅烧实验,验证了氧化镁的还原现象。由窑底灰、收尘灰及下燃烧室灰渣成分判断,石灰石原料由于发生固相还原反应减少的氧化镁,在下燃烧室及窑底灰处进行了富集。     

半格子燃烧室式明焰窑无匣钵烧卫生陶瓷

一、前言我厂原将120米明焰隧道窑改为113米半隔焰窑,该窑运行不久,因烧成带隔焰板断裂倒塌而停窑。而后我们根据原明焰窑部分明装卫生陶瓷的实践经验,又对113米半隔焰窑进行了改造,改为半格子燃烧室式明焰窑。建成投产后,     

一种新型燃烧方法的探索

所谓浸没燃烧就是将燃烧器浸没在玻璃液中,高温、高速的燃烧废气直接喷入玻璃液中,搅动着玻璃液并将大部分热量传给玻璃液和配合料,使玻璃料迅速熔化,可大大提高热效率。作者对燃烧室型和无焰型两种燃烧器进行了研究,并通过在空窑和试验窑中进行燃烧实验和熔化试验初步模索出一些规律。     

基于CO2稀释的旋流无焰燃烧理论判别方法

基于温度判据和时间判据,本文建立了考虑旋流入口条件和CO₂稀释的无焰燃烧理论判别方法并进行验证,进而讨论了结构参数和操作参数对燃烧模式和火焰稳定性的影响。模型预测的旋流无焰燃烧临界氧浓度与文献中实验数据相比,最大相对误差不超过8%。降低氧浓度、减小当量比或提高入口流量时,温度判据1变化不大,而时间判据更易满足,因此有利于实现无焰燃烧;低旋流数条件下,无焰燃烧稳定性较差。增大燃烧室高度时,温度判据1更易满足,而时间判据更难满足,温度判据1分界线下移更快,有利于形成无焰燃烧;减小燃烧室截面积时,温度判据1变化不大,而时间判据更易满足,有利于实现无焰燃烧;增大燃烧器出口面积时,温度判据1和时间判据均更难满足,且时间判据分界线下移更快,不利于形成无焰燃烧。     

倒焰式燃煤网带退火窑

针对燃烧升焰式网带退火窑结构上的不足，提出了倒焰式燃煤网带退火窑方案，介绍了该种窑的结构设计、材料选择及实际使用效果。     

循环流化床预热燃烧试验研究及数值模拟

循环流化床预热燃烧过程中,预热燃料在下行燃烧室的燃烧过程至关重要。为了研究预热燃料在下行燃烧室中的流动和燃烧特性,采用计算流体力学软件Fluent,结合试验手段,对不同二次风喷口配风方式下,预热燃料在下行燃烧室的燃烧过程进行试验及数值模拟,对比了不同配风方式下,流动特性、温度特性、组分浓度分布特性以及氮氧化物排放特性的差异。结果表明,预热燃料在下行燃烧室的燃烧过程中,二次风会卷吸烟气在下行燃烧室上部产生回流,稀释反应物,在中心喷口配风时回流区域更大。不同配风方式下,下行燃烧室中的温度分布不同。环形喷口配风时下行燃烧室中的温度峰值为1 459 K,而中心喷口配风时下行燃烧室的温度峰值为1 555 K,同时环形喷口配风时下行燃烧室的高温区域较小,温度分布更加均匀。环形喷口配风时,预热燃料和二次风的混合更加充分,高温煤气和空气的反应更加强烈,有助于燃料的着火及升温。而中心喷口配风时下行燃烧室顶部的CO和H_2等还原性气体浓度较高,有助于还原NO_x。同时较高的温度促进了气化反应,生成更多的CO和H_2,在燃尽风喷入前的区域形成还原性气氛,有助于进一步还原NO_x。二次风中心喷口配风时,更多的氮氧化物被还原,尾部烟气中的NO_x排放浓度为107×10~(-6),二次风环形喷口配风时,尾部烟气中的NO_x排放浓度为121×10~(-6)。     

基于火焰稳定特性浸没燃烧器的设计与试验研究

采用传统设计方法对浸没燃烧技术中的燃烧器进行设计,在实际应用过程中总出现回火、脱火、燃烧不稳定问题,本文根据火焰稳定特性知识构建了天然气火焰稳定性图,提供了一种对于燃烧气体燃料浸没燃烧器燃烧室的设计思路,并对该思路下设计的浸没燃烧器燃烧室进行了具体设计;融入旋流稳焰原理,一次空气与燃料旋流预混,二次空气冷却燃烧室外壁并被预热然后在燃烧室头部进入燃烧室助燃,进行了浸没燃烧器的总体设计,并对设计的燃烧器在自行设计的增压浸没燃烧试验台进行了初步试验研究,试验侧重燃烧稳定性与污染物排放。结果表明该浸没燃烧器燃烧稳定性相对较好,且由于良好的结构设计,节能减排效果显著。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。