连续含铁碳化硅纤维及其结构吸波材料的研制

为了研制碳化硅吸波纤维, 首次采用聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)和二茂铁合成聚铁碳硅烷(PFCS), PFCS经多孔熔融纺丝、 空气不熔化和在N₂中1320℃连续烧成, 可制得连续含铁碳化硅(SiC(Fe))吸波纤维; 用SiC(Fe)纤维与环氧树脂制备的结构材料具有良好的吸波性能。XPS剖面分析、 Raman光谱表明: 纤维表面有一层厚约100nm的富碳层, 由表及里铁的含量逐渐增加; 随着温度的升高游离碳的排列逐渐规整化。研究了碳对纤维性能的影响, 结果表明: 游离碳的存在有利于纤维电阻率的降低, 复介电常数和介电损耗的增大。      

聚铁碳硅烷先驱体的合成工艺研究

本文研究了聚铁碳硅烷的合成,探索了裂解温度、反应温度、二茂铁等因素对合成聚铁碳硅烷(PFCS)工艺的影响;元素分析、红外光谱、氢谱分析表明:铁被引入到聚铁碳硅烷(PFCS)中,PFCS与聚碳硅烷(PCS)的结构相似。     

磁性碳化硅功能陶瓷的制备

采用低分子量的聚硅烷(LPS)与二茂铁合成聚铁碳硅烷(PFCS),后者经高温烧成可制得磁性碳化硅陶瓷,XRD分析表明碳化硅陶瓷具有磁性的原因是由于生成了Fe3Si。铁能够促进β-SiC的形成和生长。     

添加填料合成SiC（Al）纤维的先驱体聚铝碳硅烷

以聚硅碳硅烷和乙酰丙酮铝为原料,在反应装置的裂解柱中加入填料,在常压下合成了聚铝碳硅烷.结果表明:添加填料使合成聚铝碳硅烷的时间缩短46%,聚铝碳硅烷的从1008增大到2436,分子量的分布变窄,—Si—Si—键的含量低;在N_2气氛中,在400℃以下失重减少,在1200℃陶瓷的产率从65%提高到69%;加入填料可促进—Si—Si—链转化为—Si—C—Si—链,制备出的聚铝碳硅烷纤维在预氧化过程中氧的增重少,预氧化烧成后得到的Si—Al—C—O连续纤维强度为2.1 GPa,在Ar中1800℃烧结可得到致密的SiC(Al)纤维.纤维的结晶行为与不加填料时的类似.     

连续Si-Fe-C-O功能陶瓷纤维的制备及其表面分析

采用聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)?和二茂铁合成出聚铁碳硅烷(PFCS), 后者经熔融纺丝、预氧化、烧成, 可制得?电阻率低至10^-2Ω·cm、拉伸强度 2.0GPa、长度>500m的连续Si-Fe-C-O纤维. 探索了连续Si-Fe-C-O纤维的制备工艺. 研究了铁对纤维电?阻率和β-SiC结晶的影响: 铁含量的增 加有利于β-SiC晶粒的增长和电阻率的降低. XPS剖面分析表明: 陶瓷纤维的表面富含碳, 随着径向深度增大铁含量增加.     

Si-C-Fe-O功能陶瓷纤维的制备

本文采用低分子量的聚硅烷(LPS)和二茂铁合成出聚铁碳硅烷(PFCS),后者经熔融纺丝、预氧化、烧成,可制得电阻率低至10-2Ω·cm的Si-C-Fe-O纤维.在预氧化过程中,Si-H反应程度增加的同时纤维的重量增加.研究了二茂铁对纤维电阻率和β-SiC结晶的影响:二茂铁用量的增加有利于β-SiC晶粒的增长和电阻率的降低.     

含钛聚碳硅烷的合成、表征及其形成机理研究

以合成聚碳硅烷的副产品——液态小分子聚碳硅烷（LPCS）和钛酸正丁酯为原料,合成含钛聚碳硅烷,并通过产物的凝胶液相色谱、核磁、红外等表征方法研究其反应机理。研究表明,液态小分子聚碳硅烷的Si—H基团受热分解所形成的自由基,部分相互偶联,另一部分则与钛酸丁酯发生自由基取代反应,从而形成含钛聚碳硅烷,并因链的增长,分子量相应增大,最终形成主分子链由支化或交联度较高的链段所组成的含钛聚碳硅烷,具有较高的陶瓷产率,可以用作SiC陶瓷的先驱体。     

由PDMS与PVC共热解聚碳硅烷制备SiC-C纤维

以聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)与聚氯乙烯(PVC)为原料,经过共热解聚合反应合成了聚碳硅烷(PCS P),并制备出SiC C纤维.利用IR、XRD、XPS等分析方法对先驱体PCS P与SiC C纤维的组成、结构与性能进行了研究.结果表明,在PVC的引入量适当的条件下,通过共热聚将少量的短碳链引入到聚碳硅烷结构中,使SiC-C纤维的电阻率显著降低到10-1～101Ω·cm,并保持了良好的结晶性和耐氧化性.     

含铍碳化硅陶瓷先驱体聚铍碳硅烷的合成

以氢氧化铍、硫酸和乙酰丙酮为原料合成了乙酰丙酮铍(Be(acac)2).用乙酰丙酮铍和聚碳硅烷在加热的条件下反应一定时间,生成了树脂状的产物.反应中乙酰丙酮铍被消耗,生成产物熔点相对起始聚碳硅烷熔点升高.元素分析表明产物中含有铍元素,凝胶渗透色谱分析表明产物分子量相对起始聚碳硅烷向增大的方向发生变化.傅立叶红外光谱分析表明产物中主要存在如下结构:Si(CH3)2—CH2—,—Si(CH3)·(H)—CH2—.核磁共振1H-NMR分析表明反应物中Si—H键被消耗.根据分析结果推测了反应机理,Si—H键的消耗在产物的形成中起了重要作用.实验与理论分析表明先驱体产物是一种含铍聚碳硅烷,可以命名为聚铍碳硅烷(PBeCS).在1200℃的高温处理下产物作为先驱体可以转化为碳化硅陶瓷,元素分析表明碳化硅陶瓷中含有铍,是含铍碳化硅陶瓷.     

含铁碳纳米纤维的制备与表征

在聚丙烯腈的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和四氢呋喃的混合溶剂中添加聚二茂铁硅烷,通过溶液的静电纺丝,制备了含聚二茂铁硅烷微相分离的微纳前驱体纤维,经预氧化和炭化,得到负载Fe的碳纳米纤维膜;利用SEM、SEM-EDS和XPS分别对纳米纤维的形貌、尺寸、结构和组成进行了表征。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...