水轮机制动器螺栓断裂原因分析

某水电站水轮机制动器闸板螺栓发生断裂,通过宏观观察、断口微观分析、化学成分分析、金相检验及硬度测试等方法对螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:螺栓的螺纹表面存在折叠和微裂纹等加工缺陷,应力在该处集中;且生产过程中热处理工艺控制不当,螺栓显微组织不是调质组织,且存在魏氏组织,使螺栓力学性能下降;当受到较大冲击力时,裂纹从加工缺陷处起裂并迅速扩展,导致螺栓断裂。     

柴油机用高强度螺栓断裂失效分析

某柴油机用30CrMoSi钢高强度螺栓在使用过程中发生断裂。通过化学成分分析、金相检验、断口分析、硬度测试等方法对螺栓断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:螺栓断裂为早期疲劳断裂,螺栓螺纹根部存在加工缺陷以及螺栓材料中存在较多的非金属夹杂物是导致其疲劳断裂的主要原因。最后针对螺栓断裂原因提出了预防措施。     

液氨储存罐304不锈钢法兰连接螺栓断裂失效分析

某火电厂液氨储存罐上方气氨出口气动阀上的304不锈钢法兰连接螺栓在服役过程中发生断裂,采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计、拉伸试验机等设备,从显微组织、断口、硬度、拉伸性能等方面分析了该304不锈钢螺栓断裂失效的原因。结果表明:螺栓失效模式为应力腐蚀开裂;螺栓材料成分不合格(高碳、低铬),导致合金的耐蚀性能大幅降低,晶间应力腐蚀倾向增加;螺栓服役环境为紧邻海岸的海洋大气,空气中氯离子含量较高,螺栓在服役过程中表面易于发生腐蚀,在预紧力、气氨出口气动阀工作过程中产生的拉应力和氯离子的共同作用下裂纹快速沿晶扩展,直至断裂失效;此外,螺栓内部存在较多铸造缺陷,会显著降低合金的力学性能,在发生腐蚀破坏的情况下,使螺栓出现过早断裂失效。     

8.8级紧固螺栓断裂原因分析

8.8级螺栓在使用过程中发生断裂,通过化学成分分析、力学性能试验、断口形貌分析以及金相检验等方法对断裂螺栓进行了分析。结果表明:失效螺栓的断裂为多源疲劳断裂,主要原因是螺纹表面脱碳层的存在导致构件的抗疲劳性能下降。     

风力发电机塔筒紧固用高强螺栓断裂失效分析

某电力公司风力发电机塔筒底座紧固用高强螺栓使用4a(年)后,在进行检修时发现个别断裂现象。通过对螺栓断口进行宏观检验以及扫描电镜分析,并对螺栓材料进行化学成分分析、金相检验以及硬度测试,查明了螺栓断裂原因。结果表明:该螺栓断裂属于低应力高周疲劳断裂,螺栓在调质处理过程中发生严重的表面脱碳,导致螺栓表面硬度和强度降低,于是在应力集中的螺纹根部萌生裂纹,并疲劳扩展直至断裂。     

螺栓断裂分析

某固定螺栓在冬季有多根发生断裂现象,为了查出断裂的性质和原因,对螺栓的材料成分、硬度进行了检测；分析了热处理和镀锌工艺过程中可能造成的缺陷；对螺栓的断口进行了观察；对螺栓的受力情况进行了分析.     

某核电站凝汽器密封结构用镍铝青铜螺栓断裂原因

某核电站凝汽器密封结构用镍铝青铜螺栓发生断裂现象,采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、扫描电镜分析、力学性能测试、金相检验等方法对螺栓断裂的原因进行分析。结果表明：螺栓在潮湿的NH₃环境下发生了应力腐蚀开裂;断裂螺栓在服役过程中受到不均匀的应力载荷,使表面应力腐蚀倾向变大,且螺栓长期处于自身应力腐蚀敏感介质中,在二者的耦合作用下,应力腐蚀裂纹萌生;裂纹沿残余应力较高的相界区域向内扩展,最终导致螺栓发生断裂。     

洗衣机螺栓断裂失效分析

某洗衣机螺栓在安装过程中发生断裂失效,为查明螺栓断裂的原因,对断裂螺栓进行了化学成分分析、宏观分析、金相检验和断口微观形貌分析。结果表明：螺栓断裂是由于其制造时产生了严重的带状组织,降低了螺栓的许可扭转力矩,导致螺栓在安装过程中发生扭转断裂。     

TC4钛合金高锁螺栓发生异常双剪断裂原因

某TC4钛合金高锁螺栓在双剪试验过程中发生异常断裂.采用宏观观察、显微组织观察、断口分析和双剪试验,分析了该高锁螺栓发生异常双剪断裂的原因.结果表明:在该高锁螺栓的热处理过程中,其在真空炉中未被及时取出,使螺栓在炉中长时间保温,形成较厚的表面污染层和显微裂纹;通过分析高锁螺栓的加工工艺可知,在热处理后的精车工序中,加工...     

高强螺栓断裂失效分析

材质为PCrMo钢的M8 mm×1 mm-25 mm高强螺栓在装配后发生断裂,利用宏观、金相显微镜、扫描电镜等测试手段,从显微组织、断口形貌等角度分析了高强螺栓断裂的失效原因.结果 表明:螺栓的化学成分、硬度符合图样设计要求,在螺栓装配过程中未规定安装的方法及力矩,造成螺栓受外力过大;断口处及心部为沿晶开裂+韧窝形貌,分析螺栓表面处理工艺,磷化前酸洗工序和磷化过程会造成基体含氢量增加,螺栓在异常外力与基体氢脆内因的共同作用下,最终发生断裂.针对上述断裂原因采取了规定紧固力矩、增加装配专用工装及优化表面处理工艺3方面工艺措施,解决了螺栓的断裂问题.     

EH系统油动机螺栓断裂分析

采用宏、微观检验方法对电液压系统油动机的断裂螺栓进行了分析,确认螺栓机加工不当引起疲劳裂纹的萌生及扩展,加之螺栓受力不均匀加速了疲劳断裂过程,提出了预防螺栓疲劳开裂失效的防范措施及改进建议。     

吊车转盘连接螺栓断裂分析

吊车转盘后部的连接螺栓发生断裂,通过化学成分分析、宏观和微观检验等方法对断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明：螺栓为疲劳断裂,螺纹根部的细小裂纹是导致螺栓发生疲劳断裂的主要原因;螺栓松动后受到弯曲载荷是引起螺栓发生疲劳断裂的诱因。     

汽车螺栓断裂失效分析

对汽车上某一连接发动机和车身的高强度级别螺栓在使用过程中发生的断裂进行了分析.结果表明,螺栓的化学成分和金相组织均正常,其断裂为多源疲劳断裂.经对螺栓使用过程中的受力情况分析,认为螺栓断裂主要是由于该螺栓在安装时预紧力不足或汽车在运行过程中,发动机自身振动和汽车行进中颠簸而使螺栓产生了松动,从而受到交变载荷而在应力集中最为严重的螺纹根部发生疲劳断裂.     

快卸卡箍螺栓断裂原因分析

通过断口形貌观察、X射线能谱分析、金相检验和硬度检测等试验方法,对某燃油供油导管快卸卡箍螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析,并与螺栓冲击断口和氢致疲劳断口进行了比较分析。结果表明:该快卸卡箍螺栓断口特征与冲击断口和氢致疲劳断口明显不同,其断裂性质为应力腐蚀断裂,裂纹起源于螺栓光杆段的侧表面;螺栓表面加工粗糙且没有防护对裂纹的萌生有一定的影响。对螺栓表面进行防腐处理可有效避免该类故障的再次发生。     

蜗轮连接螺栓断裂失效分析

装卸料机上的蜗轮连接螺栓材料为35钢,强度等级为10.9级,在设备运行大约10a后发生断裂。对断裂螺栓进行宏观、化学成分、硬度、金相、能谱和断口分析后得出,该螺栓的断裂性质为双向弯曲疲劳断裂,螺栓表面的脱碳和螺纹颈部的应力集中降低了该部位的疲劳性能。通过综合分析和螺栓受力估算后得出,螺栓断裂的主要原因是螺栓和内齿轮螺栓孔之间存在较大的间隙,使螺栓的受力状态和受力大小过早地发生了变化,造成连接螺栓疲劳断裂。     

1240MPa级Ti-38644高锁螺栓的拉伸疲劳增寿机理

用扫描电镜和能谱观测分析Ti-38644高强钛合金高锁螺栓的拉伸疲劳断口,揭示了高锁螺栓的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展的微观特征和疲劳增寿机理。结果表明,Ti-38644高强钛合金高锁螺栓的疲劳断口包括疲劳裂纹萌生区、扩展区和瞬断区:疲劳裂纹从螺栓头下圆角滚压薄弱部位表面萌生,随后在基体中呈放射性扩展;进入扩展区后裂纹的尺寸由微观扩展至宏观,以疲劳条带扩展机制为主,同时也存在解理断裂。头下圆角处的变形层对Ti-38644高锁螺栓的疲劳寿命有显著的影响,变形层使Ti-38644钛合金高锁螺栓的疲劳寿命明显提高。通过微观组织与疲劳寿命的对比,探讨了Ti-38644钛合金高锁螺栓疲劳强化的作用机理。     

An experimental investigation of the static and fatigue fracture behaviour of hybrid composite/metal joints for a tilting car body

The hybrid composite joint structures considered in this work, for application in a tilting railroad car body, are subjected to shear and bending loads. Two types of the joint specimens were fabricated and tested under both static and fatigue conditions: a hybrid bolted-joint specimen subjected to a shear loads, and a hybrid beam-joint specimen for the bending tests. The fracture behaviours of these specimens under static loads were different from those under cyclic loads. For the hybrid bolted-joint specimens, static shear loads caused a pure shear fracture in the bolt pin body itself. However, cyclic fatigue shear loads brought about an opening-mode fracture at the local site of the bolt which was the valley of the screwed region of the bolt pin and/or the perpendicularly angled region between the bolt head and the pin body. On the other hand, for the hybrid beam-joint specimens, static bending loads caused shear deformation and fracture in the honeycomb core region, while fatigue cyclic bend loading caused delamination along the interface between the composite skin and the honeycomb core, and/or caused a fracture in the welded part jointed with the steel under-frame. These fracture behaviours could arise in other industrial hybrid joints with similar sub-structures, and were used in developing a design parameter to improve a hybrid joint structure.     

Failure analysis on fracture of worm gear connecting bolts

The worm gear connecting bolts of refueling machines of a nuclear power plant, with implementing standard of ANSI/ASME B18.3 and ASTM A574-08 and strength grade of 10.9, fractured at the thread neck position after running for about 10 years, and means such as macro examination, chemical compositions analysis, hardness testing, metallographic examination and fracture analysis, were used to analyze the fracture property and reasons of the bolts. The results show that the fracture of the bolts is due to two-way bending fatigue fracture. Surface decarburization of the bolts and stress concentration at the bolt thread neck decreased the fatigue strength of this position and resulted in the initiation of fatigue cracks. By comprehensive analysis and stress estimating, it was concluded that the main reason for fracture of the bolts is that there was a big gap between the bolts and the bolt holes, which resulted in fatigue fracture of the worm gear connecting bolts.     

Experimental results and finite-element predictions of the effect of nut geometry, washer and Teflon tape on the fatigue life of bolts

The effect of nut geometry, curved spring washer and a sealing material (Teflon tape) on the fatigue life of M12 and M16 ISO bolts was investigated. This was accompanied by the study of the axial and bending stress distribution in threads by numerical simulation of bolt and nut connections using the finite‐element method. The experimental results showed that the highest fatigue life is achieved for a slotted tapered nut. The presence of a spring washer also increases the fatigue life, providing that the correct tightening torque is applied to produce a pretension in the bolt. The use of Teflon tape as a filling material between engaging threads of the bolt and nut is shown to significantly increase the fatigue life. On the whole, the highest fatigue life is obtained for a slotted tapered nut using washer. Four fracture mechanisms were observed for bolt–nut connections during the fatigue tests.     

活塞式压缩机联轴器连接螺栓断裂原因分析

某型号活塞式压缩机联轴器的连接螺栓在停车维修拆卸时发现断裂。通过化学成分分析、硬度测试、金相检验、断口分析及能谱分析对断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明：螺栓根部存在结构不连续的退刀槽,导致螺栓应力集中产生初始裂纹,在长期服役后发生疲劳断裂。