New quantization conditions for field theory without divergence

Quantum field theory is a fundamental tool in particle and nuclear physics. Elemental particles are assumed to be point particles and, as a result, the loop integrals are divergent in many cases. Regularization and renormalization are introduced in order     

Puff the magic dragon: how our understanding of fallout, residual and induced radiation evolved over fifty years of nuclear weapons testing

Radiobiological science has proceeded on empirical principles since health physics became a necessary professional adjunct to the military and civilian uses of nuclear energy in the aftermath of the detonations at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. This paper reviews the data which gradually emerged indicating that early assumptions about the detonation of atomic and nuclear weapons underestimated the significance of fallout, residual and induced radiation as health hazards. Many of these assumptions are being examined in three test cases concerning veterans of United Kingdom atomic and nuclear weapons tests heard by the European Court of Human Rights in November 1997.     

Pierre Auger--a life in the service of science

A short biography of Pierre Auger, the discoverer of the atomic auger electron effect, is given. Professor Auger's outstanding professional career covered physics, nuclear power and space research, organization and administration of research, diplomatic services and pedagogics but also extended into modern biology, humanistic sciences, poetry and arts. Part of a speech in Paris of professor Auger held in 1989 on the theme 'Research and Creativity' at an international symposium on the auger effect is included in this biography as well as one of his poems.     

A structural equation model of expertise in college physics.

A model of expertise in physics was tested on a sample of 374 college students in 2 different level physics courses. Structural equation modeling was used to test hypothesized relationships among variables linked to expert performance in physics including strategy use, pictorial representation, categorization skills, and motivation, and these variables were examined for their influence on physics achievement. Gender was included in the model to examine how it influenced achievement indirectly through its influence on the other variables in the model. Two levels of expertise were examined by testing the model on trigonometry-based physics students and on more advanced, calculus-based physics students. Results were similar across both levels of expertise: For both courses, student motivation had a significant influence on students’ strategy use and categorization skills. Categorization skills, in turn, influenced student achievement directly, and indirectly, through strategy use. Strategy use had a significant influence on achievement. Pictorial representation played little role in the model. Gender contributed primarily through motivation, but for the more advanced level course it also directly predicted strategy use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

建筑与建筑物理环境策略

"以可持续发展"作为全球共同主旋律的时代潮流下如何改善人居环境从建筑设计与建筑物理环境之相互关系入手,分析建筑物理环境对人居环境的影响并提出建筑与建筑物理环境策略.     

"Interdomain transfer between isomorphic topics in algebra and physics": Correction to Bassok and Holyoak (1989).

Reports an error in "Interdomain transfer between isomorphic topics in algebra and physics" by Miriam Bassok and Keith J. Holyoak (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 1989[Jan], Vol 15[1], 153-166). On page 157, parts of two sentences in the Results and Discussion section were omitted. The corrected sentences are provided in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1989-17879-001.) Three experiments examined transfer between 2 isomorphic subdomains of algebra and physics. The two areas were arithmetic-progression problems in algebra and constant-acceleration problems in physics. High school and college students who had learned one of these subtopics were presented with word problems that used either content from the domain they had originally studied or content based on the unfamiliar but analogous domain. Ss who had learned arithmetic progressions were very likely to spontaneously recognize that physics problems involving velocity and distance can be addressed using the same equations. Analysis of problem-solving protocols revealed that the recognition was immediate and that the solutions were a straightforward application of the algebraic method. Such recognition occurred even when the algebraic procedures were taught using example word problems all of which were drawn from a single content area (e.g., "money" problems). In contrast, Ss who had learned the physics topic almost never exhibited any detectable transfer to the isomorphic algebra problems. The results were interpreted in terms of content-free vs content-specific applicability conditions for mathematical procedures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

1995 survey of physics teaching efforts in radiation oncology residency programs

A physics teaching survey was constructed and sent to the 83 radiation oncologist training programs. The survey requested program information regarding size, staffing, curriculum, lab/rotation programs, organization, requirements, instructor makeup, teaching materials, and board certification examination results. The surveys were sent to the physicist responsible for the physics program. Forty-nine (59%) institutions returned completed surveys, of which 43 (88%) were university-associated programs, and 27 (55%) were 4-year programs. On average, there were two residents/year. Most programs (39) taught physics exclusively during the first year (PG2). Some programs taught different subjects (or levels) to different year residents. Radiation dosimetry, treatment planning, and brachytherapy constituted nearly half of the teaching hours. On average the total classroom time expended by physicists was 61.4 h/year with a range of 24-118 h. The mean for laboratory/demonstration time was 27 h/year with 18 programs providing none. Physics orientation/rotations ranged from 1 to 480 h with a mean of 170 h for a physics rotation taking place in year 2 (PG3). Mandatory attendance was 80% for first-year residents and decreased in later years. Homework was assigned in 76% of the programs, and 65% of the programs were graded. The primary instructors averaged 18.2 years of experience, and the majority were ABR/ABMP certified. Khan's textbook was the most prevalent resource for most subjects. No correlation could be made between teaching hours and ABR physics percentile scoring. The survey results reveal enormous differences in national teaching efforts.     

内外网物理隔离技术探讨

介绍了内外网物理隔离的概念以及现有物理隔离技术的应用情况,同时分析了物理隔离存在的一些问题,对校园网络安全提供了一些参考性意见.     

Statistics: Modern psychology and modern physics.

Comments on A. Signorelli's conclusions (see record 1975-07405-001) that the employment of statistics in psychology is not similar to the use of mathematics in modern physics and states that Signorelli misinterprets the trends of modern physics. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Howard Hughes Medical Institute dose assessment survey

Biomedical science researchers often express frustration that health physics practices vary widely between individual institutions. A survey examining both internal and external dose assessment practices was devised and mailed to fifty institutions supporting biomedical science research. The results indicate that health physics dose assessment practices and policies are highly variable. Factors which may contribute to the degree of variation are discussed.     

The development of an interdepartmental audit as part of a physics quality assurance programme for external beam therapy

A cost-effective audit system has been developed that will both detect systematic error in data and procedures and evaluate the quality assurance programme provided by a physics department for radiotherapy. The audit has been developed for external beam radiotherapy and assesses one modality and one treatment machine per year. The audit is carried out on an interdepartmental basis and can be undertaken by two physicists from each department in one working day. The method of assessing the quality assurance programme and the schedule of measurements are described. The process is illustrated using the results of trial audits between the medical physics departments at Coventry and Leicester.     

How hard is hard science, how soft is soft science? The empirical cumulativeness of research.

This article notes the parallels between methods used in the quantitative synthesis of research in the social and in the physical sciences. Essentially identical methods are used to test the consistency of research results in physics and in psychology. These methods can be used to compare the consistency of replicated research results in physics and in the social sciences. The methodology is illustrated with 13 exemplary reviews from each domain. The exemplary comparison suggests that the results of physical experiments may not be strikingly more consistent than those of social or behavioral experiments. The data suggest that even the results of physical experiments may not be cumulative in the absolute sense by statistical criteria. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

爆炸焊接过程的能量分析

从金属物理学的观点描述了爆炸焊接的过程 ,由此进行了该过程中的能量分析和能量平衡。     

Gender Disparity in Engineering as a Function of Physics Enrollment and Its Implications for Civil Engineering

Despite tremendous advances by women in the natural and applied sciences, where in selective fields women have surpassed men in the earning of doctoral degrees for more nearly 20?years, female enrollment levels in engineering continue to be a fraction of male enrollment. Gender disparities of more than 60% persist in undergraduate engineering enrollments and have recently worsened. As American female civil engineering enrollment has been flat for over 25?years, efforts must be taken to understand this stasis. This paper focuses primarily on secondary education preparation in terms of both attitudes toward and enrollment levels in preengineering courses such as calculus, chemistry, and physics. Additional consideration is given to enrollment and achievement in advanced placement courses, as reflected in national examination rates. This paper concludes that secondary school participation and achievement in physics courses is a critical differential factor as one explanatory element of female engineering enrollment levels and provides specific recommendations as to how to increase interest, enrollment, and achievement in physics, including the segregation of entry-level engineering courses based on previous experience.     

Concentration-Dependent High-Temperature Deformation Mechanism of Hexagonal Close-Packed Ti-Al Alloys

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - The dependence of Al alloying on the high-temperature deformation physics of Ti-Al alloys was investigated in the present study. The mechanisms of...     

On the relation between the strength and the plasticity of metallic materials

The purpose of this brief report is to analyze the possible correlation between strength and plasticity of metallic materials in terms of the physics of solid state.     

The relative role of "A" level chemistry, physics and biology in the medical course

The performance of 209 students in the 2nd MBBS, first clinical year and final MBBS examinations has been compared retrospectively with their grades in chemistry, physics and biology at "A" level. The mean grade has also been determined for students from different social classes and secondary education. Significant differences in marks for biology were found between successful and not so successful students, especially in the pre-clinical part of the course. Significnat differences in marks and significant correlations were also found for physics but not to any great extent for chemistry. The relative role of these three basic sciences in the medical course is discussed. The suggestion is made that there is a need for a re-appraisal of the privleged position of chemistry and an unquestioned science requirement for entry to medical school.     

Motion and Detachment Behaviors of Liquid Inclusion at Molten Steel–Slag Interfaces

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B - The fundamental physics of particles adsorbed at the liquid interfaces has numerous applications in a wide field. In the current study, the motion and...     

Grünbaum's questionable interpretation of inanimate systems: History and context in physics.

Investigates A. Grünbaum's (1984) analyses of electrodynamic systems and hysteresis effects, used to support assertions of the historicity and contextuality of inanimate systems, and arguments that psychoanalysis should be a science cast in the mold of physics. Grünbaum's claims are shown to be illusory and spurious, and consequently, his contention that psychoanalysis should be like physics loses force. This investigation introduces the concept of state or phase spaces (science's basic representational systems) and the impoverishing effects that necessarily follow their use in psychoanalysis. The problems encountered when one attempts to develop radically alternative representational frameworks are briefly considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)