退火工艺对液相自组装法制备BiFeO3薄膜的影响

以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O,Fe(NO3)3·9H2O和柠檬酸为主要原料,采用液相自组装法,以OTS单分子层为模板,在ITO玻璃基片上成功制备了BiFeO3晶态薄膜.研究了退火温度以及保温时间对BiFeO3薄膜的影响.利用DSC/TG对铁酸铋前驱物结晶行为进行了表征,利用XRD和FE-SEM等测试手段对不同退火工艺下...     

pH值对液相自组装法制备纯相BiFeO3薄膜的影响

采用液相自组装法,Bi(NO3)3·5H2O,Fe(NO3)3· 9H2O为原料,柠稼酸为螯合剂,以OTS单分子层为模板,在ITO玻璃基片上成功制备了BiFeO3晶态薄膜.研究了前驱液pH值对BiFeO3薄膜的影响.利用XRD,EDS和SEM等测试手段对在不同pH值下沉积的BiFeO3薄膜进行了表征.结果表明,由于Bi...     

溶胶-凝胶法制备0.1BiFeO3-0.9SrBi2Nb2O9铁电薄膜的结构和光学性质研究

采用硝酸铋[Bi(NO3)3·5H2O]、硝酸锶[Sr(NO3)2]、硝酸铁[Fe(NO3)3·9H2O]和乙醇铌[Nb(OC2H5)5]作为起始原料,乙二醇甲醚[C3H8O2]作为溶剂配制掺Fe的SrBi2Nb2O9前驱体溶液,利用溶胶-凝胶法在石英衬底上制备出0.1BiFeO3-0.9SrBi2Nb2O9铁电薄膜.研究了该薄膜的表面形貌、组分、晶体结构和光学性质.结果表明,经400℃退火后薄膜为非晶结构,而在空气中经600℃退火1h后,沉积的薄膜晶化成钙钛矿结构.制备的薄膜表面平整,颗粒分布均匀,表现出良好的光透过性,该薄膜的光学能隙大约为2.5eV.     

BiFeO_3的水热合成、表征及光催化性能研究

以Bi(NO3)3.5H2O和Fe(NO3)3.9H2O为原料,KOH为矿化剂,聚乙二醇6000为分散剂,水热合成了单相BiFeO3粉体,利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜优化了水热合成条件,利用振动样品磁强计测定了BiFeO3的磁滞回线,并对产物进行了光催化降解甲基橙性能的研究。结果表明,200℃条件下反应6h制备的BiFeO3粉体显顺磁性,紫外光照射4h对甲基橙的降解率可达90%。     

水热可控合成多面体BiFeO3颗粒

以Bi(NO)3·5H2O和Fe(NO)3·9H2O为水热反应原料,选择KOH作为矿化剂合成单相BiFeO3.通过调节KOH浓度和升降温速率可控合成了规则的大尺度多面体BiFeO3颗粒.发现高碱浓度有利于合成规则多面体BiFeO3颗粒,合适的水热降温速率是影响高结晶度BiFeO3颗粒合成的重要因素之一.当KOH浓度为6和8 mol/L,降温速率为0.2℃/min时,产物为高结晶度准立方和截角立方颗粒,当降温速率调节为0.1℃/min时,产物为表面粗糙的立方八面体和截角八面体颗粒.当KOH浓度为8 mol/L,降温速率约为2℃/min时,产物为表面粗糙且有孔洞的截角立方颗粒.通过扫描电镜图片观察到其形貌演变过程并解释了大尺度多面体BiFeO3颗粒的形成机制.     

掺杂型SnO2薄膜对乙醇的气敏特性

以SnCl4·5H2O、Ce(NO3)3·6H2O、CuCl2·2H2O、La(NO3)3·6H2O为原料,柠檬酸为络合剂,采用sol-gel法,浸渍提拉技术制备了纯SnO2及其掺杂薄膜.利用XRD分析方法进行了物相结构分析,研究了掺杂比对各掺杂SnO2薄膜元件气敏特性的影响.发现掺杂比相同时,掺杂Ce3+的SnO2样...     

掺镧BiFeO3薄膜的制备及光伏特性研究

采用溶胶–凝胶法,用乙二醇甲醚作溶剂溶解Bi(NO3)3、Fe(NO3)3和La(NO3)3制备前体溶液,通过化学溶液沉积法在FTO导电玻璃基板上合成La3+掺杂的BiFeO3(BFO)薄膜,并研究了La3+掺杂对BiFeO3的能带及其光伏性能的影响。BiFeO3薄膜呈多晶钙钛矿结构,且随着La3+掺杂量的增加,BiFeO3的晶格常数依次递减。掺杂10%La3+的BiFeO3的能隙比未掺杂时稍有减小,为2.71 eV,随着La3+掺杂量的增加,BiFeO3的能隙增加到2.76 eV。采用改良法制备的La3+的掺杂量为10%的BiFeO3薄膜的最大开路电压为0.4 V,具有良好的光伏性能。     

Sol-gel方法制备BiFeO_3/Bi_4Ti_3O_(12)多层薄膜及其电性能

采用溶胶-凝胶方法在FTO/glass底电极上制备了BiFeO3/Bi4Ti3O12和Bi4Ti3O12/BiFeO3多层薄膜。研究了室温下薄膜的结构,铁电性质和介电性质,并将其与纯的BiFeO3薄膜的性质进行了比较。从薄膜的XRD模式中可以观察到共存的BiFeO3相和Bi4Ti3O12相。通过电滞回线测量可以看出,相对于纯的BiFeO3薄膜,BiFeO3/Bi4Ti3O12和Bi4Ti3O12/BiFeO3多层薄膜能够承受更高的测试电场而获得充分极化,从而表现出较强的铁电性,在450kV/cm测试电场下,薄膜的剩余极化强度分别为37μC/cm2和23μC/cm2。     

溶液燃烧法制备纳米Fe_2O_3/C超级电容器电极材料

以硝酸铁[Fe(NO3)3·9H2O,氧化剂]、柠檬酸(C6H8O7·H2O,燃料)和硝酸铵(NH4NO3,助燃剂)为原料,在空气气氛下采用溶液燃烧法(350℃,30min)一步合成纳米Fe2O3/C复合材料。研究发现,通过改变柠檬酸的用量可以引入原位碳及改变产物中Fe2O3相的组成。运用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重(TG)、SEM和TEM技术对产物的形貌和结构进行表征,通过循环伏安和恒电流充放电测试研究了Fe2O3/C纳米复合材料的电化学性能。结果表明:Fe2O3/C产物中,Fe2O3为α-Fe2O3和γ-Fe2O3的混合相,当硝酸铁和柠檬酸的摩尔比为6∶8时,合成的产物具有较大的比表面积和孔结构,原位碳均匀分布在Fe2O3纳米颗粒的周围;在1mol/L KOH溶液中,电位窗口-1~0V(vs.SCE)时,Fe2O3/C电极表现出良好的倍率和循环特性(1000次循环后,容量保持率为80.7%),在电流密度为1A/g时,其比电容为148.4F/g。     

多铁材料BiFeO3的制备与表征

以硝酸铁和硝酸铋为反应物,柠檬酸为络合剂,硝酸为催化剂,采用柠檬酸溶胶–凝胶法制备粒径分布均匀的多铁性材料BiFeO3纳米粉体,通过TG-DSC、XRD、FT-IR、SEM及AFM等手段对样品的结构、形貌及纯净度进行表征.研究结果表明,在溶胶过程中前驱液的pH值以及干凝胶的煅烧温度等合成条件对BiFeO3纳米粉体的制备和纯净程度都有一定的影响,最佳的合成条件是前驱溶液的pH=7～8,干凝胶的煅烧温度为600℃.在该条件下得到的BiFeO3纳米粉体中无杂相Bi25FeO40和Bi2Fe4O9等,纳米颗粒尺寸在100 nm左右,分散性良好,饱和磁化强度Ms=1.08 A·m2/kg,剩余磁化强度Mr=0.13 A·m2/kg,矫顽力Hc=15.76 kA/m.     

Control of phase transition in TaSe3

Stabilization factors of the high and low temperature phases of TaSe₃ are investigated. The low temperature phase is stabilized by zirconium or titanium impurity. The high temperature phase is stabilized by oxygen impurity. Without oxygen impurity, the low temperature phase is stable up to decomposition temperature and the phase transition is completely suppressed by zirconium impurity.     

Equilibrium phase diagram and kinetics of isotopical phase separation of 3%3He in HCP4He mixture

The isotopical phase separation in a weak solid mixture of³He in⁴He is investigated by 250 kHz pulsed NMR under a pressure of 3.7 MPa in the temperature range 100 – 240 mK. The equilibrium concentrations of³ He in HCP phase are found to be in a good agreement with classical regular solution theory for phases with different crystal structures. The time constant of decay at steplike cooldown along the separation line are shown to monotonously decrease. The linear dependence of the time on the concentration may point towards an important role of quantum diffusion.     

Metastable phase relation and phase equilibria in the Cr2O3-Fe2O3 system

In order to ascertain the metastable phase relation in the Cr₂O₃-Fe₂O₃ system, the existing phases were investigated by X-ray analysis using samples obtained by heating the coprecipitated powders for 1 h at 600–1000°C. There was a metastable two-phase region of Cr₂O₃-rich (CC) and Fe₂O₃-rich (FC) phases below about 940°C. Equilibrium state of 1:1 composition at 600–900°C was considered to be a single phase of the corundum solid solution. The metastable two-phase CC + FC region was suggested to appear probably due to the compositional inhomogeneity in the coprecipitated powders.     

Superconductivity and phase stability of Nb3Ge

A method is described for calculating the surface impedance of thin superconducting films using the theory of Mattis and Bardeen of the surface impedance of superconductors. An approximate extension of the theory to the case where the superconducting order parameter inside the film varies slowly in space is presented. Calculations using the theory are compared with experimental measurements of the surface impedance at 3 GHz of thin tin films on bulk lead substrates. Agreement between theory and experiment is good.     

Transformation of the YBa2Cu3Ox superconducting phase to an insulator-nonsuperconducting phase

Three YBa₂Cu₃O _x samples (A, B, and C) were prepared under similar conditions. The starting materials were Y₂O₃ (99.99%), CuO (99.999%), and BaCO₃ (99.999%). All the specimens demonstrated a Meissner effect at liquid-nitrogen temperature. From temperature-dependent resistivity measurements, theT _c for the three samples was found to be aroundT _c =93 K, in agreement with other reports [1].     

Ferroelectric phase transition in Te-modified BaSnO3

A ferroelectric ceramic based on Te-modified BaSnO₃ with a general formula BaSn_1−xTe_xO₃ (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) has been synthesized by a high-temperature solid-state reaction technique. Thermal analysis (DTA, TGA and DTG) was carried out to optimize calcination temperature and other experimental conditions of material formation. Preliminary structural analysis indicates that crystal structure of the material is basically cubic and remains unaffected even on Te-doping. Microstructural analysis of the sample reveals polycrystalline nature and substantial modification in surface properties of the materials on Te-doping. Detailed studies of dielectric properties of the compounds as a function of temperature showed a ferroelectric–paraelectric phase transition. It has been observed that the value of peak dielectric constant (ɛ_max) and Curie temperature are strongly dependent on frequency and dopant concentration. An evidence of relaxor property has also been noticed for each concentration of the Te-dopant. Studies of electrical conductivity of the Te-doped BaSnO₃ show a substantial enhancement in its value at elevated temperatures.     

A metastable phase Al3Cu2

A new metastable intermediate phase having a trigonal unit cell belonging to the space groupP¯3ml has been detected in a rapidly solidified aluminium-45 at. % copper alloy. The unit cell dimensions area=4.106 andc=5.094 å. With five atoms per unit cell, the observed structure can be regarded as an isotype of Al₃Ni₂.     

Anisotropice superfluid fraction of3He A1 phase

The superfluid fraction of³He a₁ phase is computed from measurements of the velocity of spin/entropy waves induced in a cylindrical chamber, for two different directions of the magnetic field: parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the chamber. The ratio of the superfluid fractions in the parallel and perpendicular orientations is 1.85, and does not depend on the field between 1 and 5 Tesla. We adapt a theoretical texture model to account for the superfluid flow, and the results are consistent with the above ratio and direct estimates of superfluid velocity.     

Supercurrents in the A1 phase of3He

We discuss how Fermi liquid interactions renormalize the supercurrents that flow in the A₁ phase of superfluid³He. An interesting point which emerges from the calculation is that the unpaired spin population does not participate in superflow, despite superficial appearances to the contrary. We consider both the usual version of Fermi liquid theory and a generalized version appropriate in high magnetic fields.Research supported in part by NSF grant DMR 78-21068.     

Low-temperature phase diagram of the heavy-fermion superconductor UPt3

The transition to the superconducting state of UPt₃ has been studied in specific-heat experiments on polycrystalline and single-crystalline samples in dependence of heat treatment, purity of starting materials and deviations from stoichiometry, as well as on substituted compounds. The concepts behind the splitting of the transition in two anomalies that are 60 mK apart are critically reviewed. The superconducting phase diagram in the B-T plane has been studied with the use of a sensitive dilatometric technique. The three superconducting phases meet at a tetracritical point and all four phase lines are of second order. From the length anomalies at the phase boundaries the pressure derivatives of the phase lines have been determined and the most stable phase under uniaxial pressure along the c-axis has been identified.