电氧化过程中活性炭纤维阳极本身的性能评价

以活性炭纤维毡为阳极,不锈钢片为阴极,在Na2SO4介质中用恒定的电流强度进行电解,一定时间后将活性炭纤维毡取出用蒸馏水冲洗干净,在110℃下干燥12h,在干燥器中冷却至室温后,进行称重和红外、比表面积及孔分布测试。同时,以石墨片为阳极进行对比实验。结果显示,在电化学氧化过程中,活性炭纤维阳极表面的含氧活性基团量增加;与石墨电极相比,活性炭纤维电极具有更好的抗氧化性能和更高的析氧电位。因此,在难降解有机物的电氧化处理过程中活性炭纤维毡比石墨片更适宜作阳极。     

石墨纤维阳极氧化表面处理的研究

本文研究了PAN基石墨纤维在四种铵盐电解液中阳极氧化表面处理的工艺条件.用SEM和XPS技术分析了处理前后纤维表面形态的变化,通过复合材料的层间剪切强度(ILSS)对表面处理前后石墨纤维与环氧树脂之间界面粘结强度的改善进行了评价.     

铝阳极氧化机理研究的进展

综述了铝阳极氧化膜的结构、形态与介质的关系有孔洞形成的原因。     

铝合金硬质阳极氧化工艺试验

铝合金硬质阳极氧化工艺试验贵阳市１７７信箱７分箱（５５０００９）杨旭江，姚茂年１前言在我厂新品试制中，有部分铝合金件需进行硬质阳极氧化加工，其技术要求是零件工作面氧化膜厚度３５～４０ｐｍ，硬度ＨＶ＞５１０。若按航标进行加工，仅有少数零件达到技术要求。...     

铝合金阳极氧化的清洁生产

对铝合金普通阳极氧化工艺过程中一些有害、污染环境及耗能较大的工序，如除油、碱蚀、出光、阳极氧化以及封闭等进行了详细的讨论，提出了铝合金阳极氧化清洁生产新工艺。     

两步阳极氧化法制备多孔阳极氧化铝膜

直流恒压下,在酸性溶液中对铝实施两步阳极氧化制备了多孔氧化铝膜。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)对制备的多孔氧化铝膜进行形貌分析,孔径在纳米级且孔分布具有高度均匀性。采用SEM对试样进行观察,分析了工艺对多孔氧化铝膜形貌的影响。利用阳极氧化初期电流密度的变化并结合阳极氧化过程中的试样的SEM照片,分析了多孔氧化铝膜的形成机理。     

铝合金常温硬质阳极氧化工艺研究

对铝合金常温硬质阳极化工艺进行了研究，选择了适宜的电解液体系和辅助成分，以膜层厚度和硬度为主要考核指标，优选出最佳的电解液组成及工艺条件，达到了预期的技术要求。     

TiN薄膜的阳极氧化

对ＴｉＮ薄膜进行阳极氧化处理，在ＴｉＮ表面形成了一层氧化。氧化膜呈干涉色，其颜色随槽压变化；氧化膜色调均匀、耐磨性较好。ＸＰＳ及ＡＥＳ分析结果表明，氧化膜由ＴｉＯ２组成，在槽压为９Ｖ时膜厚为９０ｎｍ。     

瓜环对部分腐殖酸模型物去除的规律研究

根据腐殖酸的结构特点选取适当模型物,采取紫外-可见分光技术研究瓜环的投加量、时间、温度及pH值对腐殖酸模型物去除的规律。研究表明,模型物的结构是影响瓜环对腐殖酸模型物去除的最主要因素,其中羧基和芳环是影响瓜环对模型物吸附效果的主要基团;瓜环对腐殖酸及其模型物的吸附主要为物理吸附,并且吸附有较宽的pH值范围;瓜环对腐殖酸模型物去除作用的较优条件为瓜环投加量1.8g/L,初始浓度20mg/L,平衡时间5h。在此条件下,瓜环对腐殖酸模型物苯甲酸、2-萘酚、萘、苯甲醚及腐殖酸的去除率分别为94.52%、98.24%、81.52%、85.66%和99.85%。     

Combined photo-Fenton and biological treatment for Diuron and Linuron removal from water containing humic acid

A combined chemical (photo-Fenton) and biological treatment has been proposed for Diuron and Linuron degradation in water containing natural dissolved organic matter (DOM). Humic acid (HA) was used to simulate the DOM. During the photo-Fenton process ([Fe(II)]=15.9 mg L(-1), [H2O2]=202 mg L(-1), 60 min of UVA irradiation time), the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), toxicity (EC50(15)) and biodegradability (BOD5/COD) of the generated intermediates were assessed. A reduction of photo-Fenton efficiency was observed when HA was present in solution. This effect has been explained as the result of a UVA light screening as well as a OH* radical quenching process by the HA. After the photo-Fenton process, the initial toxic and non-biodegradable herbicides were transformed into intermediates suitable for a subsequent aerobic biological treatment that was performed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Complete elimination of the intermediates in presence of HA was reached at the end of the chemical-biological coupled system. Biosorption of HA onto the aerobic biomass was characterized. The results indicate that the Freundlich model adequately describes the adsorption of HA, a phenomena that follows a pseudo second-order adsorption kinetic model.     

Role of humic acid entrapped calcium alginate beads in removal of heavy metals

Most of the available techniques for removal of heavy metals from solution such as leachates from waste sites are very expensive. The technique described in this paper is designed to study the removal of humic acid by alginate beads and the subsequent binding of the metals within the beads thus decreasing the leachability of heavy metals from a hazardous waste site. The entry of 500 mg/l humic acid into 3% calcium alginate beads in 24 h showed a distinct fluorescence as compared to the fluorescence shown by the entry of 100 and 250 mg/l of humic acid into alginate beads. Further, on treatment of calcium alginate beads containing 500 mg/l humic acid with metals such as Cu, Mn, Zn, Cr and Fe, quenching of fluorescence was noticed, which was maximum with Cu and minimum with Fe.     

Evaluation of anode materials for the electro-oxidation of ammonia and ammonium ions

The electrochemical treatment of effluents has been used as an alternative to conventional treatments because of advantages such as environmental compatibility, process versatility and high efficiency. In addition, electrochemical treatment methods have been demonstrated to be very useful in the treatment of poorly biodegradable effluents. Studies have demonstrated that the electrochemical treatment efficiency is directly related to the electrode material. These materials should have electro-activity for reactions with the targeted pollutants, have high activation energy for undesired reactions and be corrosion resistant. Platinum and DSA^® are known to be effective for the electro-oxidation of pollutants such as phenol, ammonia and ammonium ions. This work presents the results of a comparative evaluation of some materials that can be used as anodes for the electro-oxidation of ammonia and ammonium ions in petroleum refinery effluents. The selected materials were Pt, DSA^®, Ni, anodized Al and graphite. Cyclic voltammograms confirmed the electro-activity of the Pt and DSA^® electrodes and demonstrated the electro-activity of Ni. Anodic polarization revealed the electro-activity of graphite. Anodized Al electrodes showed no activity for the electro-oxidation of the analyzed compounds. The results for the Ni and graphite electrodes are promising.     

Ozonation of trichloroethylene in acetic acid solution with soluble and solid humic acid

The combined flushing and oxidation process using acetic acid and ozone has been used successfully to remove trichloroethylene (TCE) completely from contaminated soil. In this study, the effects of humic acid, a fraction of the organic matter in soil, over the performance of TCE decomposition was evaluated. TCE decomposition by ozone was enhanced by the presence of humic acid at concentrations lower than 8mgCL(-1) and then inhibited at higher concentrations. It is possible that the presence of the soluble humic acid fraction during the ozonation of TCE in acetic acid solutions produces hydroxyl radicals during the TCE ozonation which appears to be the reason for the enhanced TCE decomposition rate. Solid humic acid reduced TCE decomposition rate by acting as an ozone scavenger. Similarly, sorbed TCE reduced the amount of TCE available for decomposition by ozone in solution.     

浸没式超滤膜处理地表水除污染效能试验研究

进行中试实验考察了浸没式超滤膜处理地表水的除污染效果.实验结果表明:膜出水的浊度恒低于0.10 NTU;膜出水的CODMn值为2.34~3.12 mg/L;膜出水中大于2μm的颗粒总数为11~20个/100 mL;膜出水中未检测出细菌;短周期内的气水反冲洗并排空,可以使膜运行压力在一定程度上得以恢复.     

功能化的多壁碳纳米管负载Pd电催化剂对甲酸的电催化氧化

以磺酸化的聚合物对多壁碳纳米管进行功能化，并以此为载体，采用室温下硼氢化钠还原法制备得到负载的Pd电催化剂，循环伏安（CV）和计时电流方法表明：功能化的碳纳米管为载体的Pd／MWCNTs催化剂对甲酸的电化学氧化具有较好的催化活性。     

光催化-膜分离耦合工艺对腐殖酸的过滤机理研究

为了充分发挥负载型光催化-膜分离耦合工艺处理污染物的技术优势,通过制备TiO2改性PVDF超滤膜,采用自制膜分离性能测试装置、紫外-可见分光光度计、扫描电子显微镜等分析测试手段,研究UV光照强度、膜过滤流量、溶液浓度等工艺条件对膜性能的影响,从而获得最优工艺条件.研究结果表明,该耦合工艺在处理水样时,对水样中的污染物具有较好的过滤效果和光催化降解能力.当其它条件一定时,UV光照强度为1.0mW/cm2、过滤流量为300mL/min、溶液浓度为2mg/L时,该耦合工艺对腐殖酸水样的处理效果最为理想.     

Layer-by-layer self-assembly of multilayer films based on humic acid

Multilayer films consisting of negatively charged humic acid and positively charged polyelectrolyte have been fabricated on various substrates using the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique. The thickness (linearly increasing with the square root of NaCl concentration) and refractive index of the films determined by ellipsometry can be regulated by ionic strength through adjusting the coiling of the polyelectrolyte chains for assembly. The cone-shaped features on surface obtained by atomic force microscope are derived from the negatively charged colloidal humic acid binding with polyelectrolyte cation. The smooth features are corresponding to the dissociated humic acid with carboxylate ion (―COO⁻) electrostatically attracted on polyelectrolyte cation. These results are verified by Fourier transform infrared spectra. The linear dependence of the peak current on the square root of the scan rate revealed by the cyclic voltammetry indicates that the redox process at the electrode surface is diffusion-limited and the charge transport does not involve the film itself.     

超滤膜除谷氨酸发酵液中菌体对等电提取收率的影响

采用截留分子量（ＭＷＣＯ）为６万和１万的卷式超滤膜,去除谷氨酸发酵液中的菌体,同时将发酵液中的固含量浓缩１０倍,再利用等电法提取谷氨酸。经超滤后的发酵液等电收率可达到９０．９６％,在提高等电收率的同时,菌体的去除还降低了污水的处理负荷。