Ni56Fe17Ga27-xCox合金的组织结构与马氏体相变

采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射分析及差示扫描量热法系统研究了Co含量对Ni56Fe17Ga27-xCox合金组织结构和马氏体相变的影响.结果表明,室温下铸态Ni56Fe17Ga27-xCox合金显微组织由马氏体和γ相两相组成,γ相随Co含量增加而增多, Ni56Fe17Ga21Co6合金中γ相的体积百分含量达到70%.马氏体相为单斜6M结构.试验合金冷却和加热过程中发生一步马氏体相变及其逆转变,相变温度(Ms、As)随Co含量增加而升高.     

热循环对Ni47Ti44Nb9合金马氏体相变和记忆性的影响

用电阻、恢复率同步测量的方法，研究了热循环对Ｎｉ４７Ｔｉ４４Ｎｂ９合金马氏体相变和记忆性的影响，并通过Ｘ－射线衍射、金相观察等方法对其微观机理进行了探讨。结果表明，随着热循环次数的增加，合金Ｍｓ明显下降；但热循环下不能诱发Ｒ相变，并对合金记忆性无明显影响。     

Fe对β基Co-Ni-Al合金马氏体相变和磁性转变的影响

利用金相和SEM显微组织分析技术,示差扫描量热法(DSC)和振动磁力计(VSM)考察了Fe元素对Co38Ni33Al29和Co72-xNixAl28合金马氏体相变和铁磁性转变的影响。研究发现对于1623K×2h淬火的Co38-xNi33Al29Fex合金,最初的2%Fe使Curie点提高了15K,但随着Fe含量提高,Curie点增加速度提高,在8%Fe范围内平均每1%Fe元素使Curie点大约提高20K。用2%Fe元素代替Co72-xNixAl28合金中同等含量的Co元素时,1623K×2h淬火后Curie点升高20~30K,马氏体相变温度降低150~170K;1523K×12h淬火后Curie点升高30~70K,马氏体相变温度降低50~130K。在β基Co-Ni-Al合金基础上,用Fe元素代替Co元素提高Curie点,降低马氏体相变温度,但扩大了Tc>Tm的CoNiAlFe铁磁性形状记忆合金的成分范围,使其向富Ni低Co、Al方向移动。用平均s+d电子浓度解释了马氏体相变温度和Curie点的变化。     

形状记忆Fe—Mn—Si合金中马氏体相变和扭转形变的恢复

研究了Ｆｅ－２９．４４Ｍｎ－６．２０Ｓｉ合金中的ｒ→←ε相变和顺磁性→→反铁磁性转变（以下简称磁转变）。用电阻测量跟踪了此过程。用Ｘ射线珩射法（ＸＲＤ０作了相分析。硅急剧增加六方相的电阻率，ε→ｒ相变表现为电阻降低，ｒ→ε转变表现为电阻升高。ＸＲＤ表明，淬火后样品除ｒ相外有少量六方ε相。扭转形变恢复率与形变量和形变前无热诱发马氏体存在有很大关系。     

掺杂元素对Ni-Mn-Ga合金马氏体相变和磁性能的影响

研究了添加微量的Fe、Co、Al、Si合金元素对Ni-Mn-Ga合金的马氏体相变和磁性能的影响作用.结果表明微量Fe的掺杂可显著提高合金的马氏体相变温度(Ms)而不降低居里温度(Tc);掺Co后Ms基本不变而Tc明显升高;Al使Ms升高,Si使Ms降低,而对Tc均影响不大.微量的掺杂元素并不改变合金的晶体结构,掺杂合金仍然具有热弹性形状记忆效应,并且在磁场作用下可以产生增强的形状记忆效应.     

浇铸态Ni50Mn27Ga23合金中的马氏体相变和磁应变

用感应溶炼并浇铸制备了名义成份为Ni50Mn27Ga23的合金。用交流磁化率测定了合金的相变温度和居里温度，用动态电阻应变仪测试了合金在不同温度及不同磁场强度下的相变应变和磁诱导应变。研充的结果表明：相变应变具有各向异性，外磁场可显著增大相变应变；不同温度下磁场诱导的应变具有不同的特征，温度越低磁诱导应变越大，但使应变饱和所需的磁场也越高，在个别温度点伴随应变突变。磁场的训练不会显著提高磁诱导应变，相反可使可恢复应变减少。     

结构不均匀TiNi合金中的马氏体相变特征

通过设计试样原始表面形状和冷轧的方法获得了一种原位内生形状记忆合金复合材料。利用设计试样原始表面形状的方法，将具有不同位错密度的宏观区域引入形状记忆合金内部，则整个材料就获得了复合材料的特征。结果表明在第一次加热过程中正弦试样DSC曲线上出现双峰，分别对应于设计试样内部的不同变形区域，且由于位错织构和马氏体变体界面的作用，使得逆转变温度扩展到一个较大的温度范围。所设计的材料具体可以应用于所谓的广域温度记忆效应和类因瓦效应领域。所有上述现象表明为控制材料的热特性而进行适当的位错织构设计的方法是可行的。     

形状记忆Fe－Mn－Si合金中马氏体相变和扭转形变的恢复

研究了Ｆｅ－２９．４４Ｍｎ－６．２０Ｓｉ合金中的γ　ε相变和顺磁性反铁磁性转变（以下简称磁转变）。用电阻测量跟踪了此过程。用ｘ射线衍射法（ＸＲＤ）作了相分析。硅急剧增加六方相的电阻率，ε→γ相变表现为电阻降低，γ→ε转变表现为电阻升高。ＸＲＤ表明，淬火后样品中除γ相外有少量六方ε相。扭转形变恢复率与形变量和形变前有无热诱发马氏体存在有很大关系。     

Ni52 Mn23Ga24.5 Sm0.5合金的马氏体相变和磁致伸缩性能

研究了多晶Ni52 Mn23 Ga24．合金添加微量的稀土元素Sm后，对合金的马氏体相变和磁致伸缩性能的影响。结果发现，微量稀土元素Sm的掺入，降低了合金的马氏体相变温度和居里温度，但并未改变合金的晶体结构，同时由于晶粒细化作用，使合金室温时的磁致应变性能下降。     

CuZnAlMnNi形状记忆合金马氏体相变焓的研究

采用差示扫描量热分析技术在５℃／ｍｉｎ以及在超低降温速率下，研究了ＣｕＺｎＡｌＭｎＮｉ形状记忆合金马氏体相变的热焓。通过实验和计算，由母相向马氏体转变时单位质量的相变总焓、热容改变焓和马氏体相变焓分别是３．２２Ｊ／ｇ、１．８８Ｊ／ｇ和１．３４Ｊ／ｇ。     

铁磁形状记忆合金CoNiGa马氏体相变特征的研究

应用具有变温样品室的X射线衍射仪及扫描电镜研究了铁磁形状记忆合金Co50Ni20Ga32样品马氏体相变的特性.研究发现,多晶Co50Ni20Ga32合金具有可恢复的热弹性马氏体转变特性.y相的存在对马氏体转变的自协作形貌有很大影响.γ相含量多时,马氏体变体的自协作形貌以金刚石形为主,γ相含量少时,马氏体变体的自协作形貌以平行形为主.在大约520℃以上时,y相的含量随温度升高而增加.     

Effect of Y addition on microstructure and martensitic transformation of a Ni-rich Ti–Ni shape memory alloy

In the present work, 1 at% Y was added to Ti-50.7at%Ni alloy to prepare Ti-50.2Ni-1Y alloy and the effects of rare earth Y addition on the microstructure and martensitic transformation behavior of Ti-50.7at%Ni alloy was investigated by optical microscope, scanning electronic microscope (SEM) X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results show the microstructure of Ti-50.2Ni-1Y alloy is different with that of Ti-50.7at.%Ni alloy, and its microstructure consists of B19′martensite and the Y-rich phase, which may be YNi phase. One-step martensitic transformation occurs in Ti-50.2Ni-1Y ternary alloy. The phase transformation temperatures increase rapidly with Y addition, and the increase of Ms is about 85°C.     

Effect of graphite addition on martensitic transformation and damping behavior of NiTi shape memory alloy

In this investigation, the effect of graphite addition on martensitic transformation and damping behavior of Ni₅₀Ti₅₀ (at.%) shape memory alloy has been studied. It is found that martensitic transformation temperature decreases obviously with the addition of graphite. Microstructural observation shows that TiC precipitates and forms whiskers when the carbon content is increased beyond ~ 0.6%. With the increase of graphite content, the damping capacity during reverse transformation increases initially and then decreases while the damping capacity of full martensite is remarkably improved by the addition of graphite particles. It is proposed that the enhancement of damping capacity can be ascribed to the high damping capacity of graphite itself, as well as, the increase of the amount of interface between martensite and austenite can be beneficial to the damping capacity.     

Microstructure and martensitic transformation and mechanical properties of cast Ni rich NiTiCo shape memory alloys

Abstract

The influence of Co additions on the microstructure, second phase precipitates, phase transformation and mechanical properties of cast Ni_51?xTi₄₉Co_x (x?=?0, 0·5, 1·5 and 4 at-%) shape memory alloys was investigated. At the expense of Ni, Co added to NiTi alloy significantly increases the martensitic transformation temperature. The matrix phase in the microstructure of Ni₅₁Ti₄₉Co₀ alloy is the austenite phase (B2) in addition to martensite phase (B19′) and precipitates of NiTi intermetallic compounds. However, the parent phase in the other three alloys, Ni_50·5Ti₄₉Co_0·5, Ni_49·5Ti₄₉Co_1·5 and Ni₄₇Ti₄₉Co₄, is martensite. Ti₂Ni phase was found in the microstructures of the all investigated alloys; however, Ni₃Ti₂ phase precipitated only in the NiTi alloy with 0 at-%Co. The volume fraction of Ti₂Ni phase decreased by the additions of 0·5 and 1·5 at-%Co, while it is slightly increased with 4 at-%Co. The hardness value of NiTi alloy is affected by Co additions.     

Effect of ageing on martensitic transformation in NiTi shape memory alloy

The shape memory effect in Ni-49 Ti alloy after solution treatment at 800° C for 0.5 h and ageing at 400, 500, 600and 700° C for 1 h has been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy and differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurement. Ageing at 400 and 500° C for 1 h causes the precipitation of characteristic temperatures towards higher values. In sample aged at 500° C three distinct DTA peaks arise giving evidence of intermediate stages of the martensite transformation.     

Effect of dislocation on martensitic transformation in CuZnAl shape memory alloy

Abstracts are not published in this journal This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Magneto-microstructural coupling during stress-induced phase transformation in Co49Ni21Ga30 ferromagnetic shape memory alloy single crystals

The present study reports on direct magneto-microstructural observations made during the stress-induced martensitic transformation in Co₄₉Ni₂₁Ga₃₀ alloy single crystals with optical, scanning electron, and magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The evolution of the microstructure and the associated magnetic domain morphology as a function of applied strain were investigated in the as-grown condition and after thermo-mechanical training. The results demonstrated that the stress-induced martensite (SIM) evolves quite differently in the two conditions and depending on the martensite formation mechanisms, the magnetic domain configuration was dissimilar. In the as-grown crystals two twin-related martensite variants were formed and the growth of these twin variants resulted in large strain. After thermo-mechanical training a morphology similar to a self-accommodating martensite structure was present at the initial stages of the transformation and thereafter martensite reorientation (MR) was the main transformation mechanism. The magnetic domains were found to be superimposed on the nano-scaled martensite twins in the as-grown condition, whereas training brought about the formation of domains on the order of a few microns without showing the one-to-one correspondence between domains and the twin structure. After the thermo-mechanical training detwinning at high-strain levels led to the formation of stripe-like domain structures. The ramifications of the results with respect to the magneto-microstructural coupling that may cause the magnetic shape memory effect (MSME) in Co–Ni–Ga alloys under constant external stress is addressed.     

Ni50.1Mn24.1Ga20.3Fe5.5形状记忆合金多晶纤维的双程形状记忆效应

通过熔体抽拉技术制备Ni_50.1Mn_24.1Ga_20.3Fe_5.5多晶纤维,采用步进式热处理释放因快速凝固引起的内应力和缺陷,利用场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、XRD衍射仪对其微结构和相结构进行表征,采用动态机械拉伸仪测试其相变行为和双程形状记忆性能。结果表明:热处理后原子有序度显著提高,孪晶界平直,在恒应力作用下一个热循环中母相和马氏体相的形状得到完全恢复。双程形状记忆曲线显示了热弹性马氏体相变的两个基本特征:可逆性和热滞性。在热循环实验中,纤维被加载到198 MPa时,其马氏体态总应变达到1.32%。根据热机械拉伸测量,发现相变温度遵循Clausius-Clapeyron关系式。与诸如Ti-Ni和Cu-Al-Ni的其他合金相比,Fe掺杂的纤维显示出较小的应变-应力依赖性,在恒应变输出的驱动中是有益的。