新型钢铁表面发黑工艺研究

钢铁表面发黑工艺广泛应用于零件的防护装饰处理,鉴于传统发黑工艺所存在的缺点,采用二步法发黑工艺,即预发黑之后再磷化的新工艺。初步分析了该工艺的机理,提出了膜层质量检验标准。     

新型钢铁表面发黑工艺

钢铁表面发黑工艺广泛应用于零件的防护装饰处理，鉴于传统发黑工艺所存在的缺点，采用二步法发黑工艺，即预发黑之后再磷化的新工艺。初步分析了该工艺的机理工提出了膜层质量检验标准。     

钢铁钼系无毒常温发黑液的维护及后处理工艺

介绍了两步法钢铁钼系无毒常温发黑工艺。与高温碱性发黑相比,常温发黑膜的结合力和耐蚀性较差,发黑液稳定性差。在此探讨了常温钢铁钼系发黑液的维护方法,采用调整酸度和密封保存方式可延长发黑液的使用寿命,再生处理可降低成本、减轻环境污染。此外,提出了一种新型低毒钝化工艺。大大提高了发黑膜的附着力和耐蚀性。     

杂多酸常温发黑新工艺

报道了杂多酸－硫酸铜在钢铁表面发黑新工艺，探讨了可能的发黑机理。研究结果表明，该工艺具有发黑速度快、色泽均匀、防腐蚀性好、不耗能、无环境污染、成本低廉等特点。适用于铸铁及钢铁表面的发黑处理。     

碱性发兰中红色附着物的产生和防止

红色附着物(俗称红色挂灰或红色挂霜)是钢铁碱性氧化处理(俗称发兰或发黑)中最易产生和影响氧化膜质量较大的一种常见疵病。正确认识其产生的原因,采取合理的方法防止或将其生成量降低到不足以影响氧化膜质量的程度,这是钢铁零件碱性氧化处理工作者一个十分重要的任务,也是我们尚须进一步加以探讨的课题之一。     

钢铁常温发黑机理及工艺初探

钢铁常温发黑机理及工艺初探解长利（贵州六盘水煤矿机械厂，５５３４０２）钢铁件碱性发兰是将钢铁零件通过氧化处理，使其表面生成保护性的Ｆｅ３Ｏ４氧化膜。此工艺广泛用于机械零件的表面防护与装饰。传统的碱性发兰工艺是在１３０～１５０℃高温下氧化，能耗大、劳动...     

常温发黑的污染控制

常温发黑的污染控制王翎，张广遇（华东理工大学，２００２３７）１前言发黑处理能在钢铁表面形成兼有防护与装饰双重功能的转化膜，在钢铁材料保护上具有重要作用。近年发展起来的常温发黑是钢铁表面处理的新兴技术，与传统的高温碱性“发兰”相比具有显著的优越性，己在...     

链条链板零件常温发黑工艺及其应用

介绍了链条链板零件常温发黑工艺,论述了前处理、常温氧化发黑和后处理工艺的操作规范和控制要点。分析了发黑中常见缺陷产生的原因,提出了排除方法。应用实践表明,该常温发黑工艺具有节能、高效、操作方便、环境污染小和成本低廉的特点,各项性能满足客户要求。     

百分表外圈黑化工艺的改进

传统工艺在较高的温度下氧化处理钢铁零件,使其生成一层黑色的金属氧化膜,再浸油,这种方法不适合百分表外圈的加工.改进后工艺涂上一层导电防护漆,使之既具有良好的防腐蚀能力、耐磨性能及牢固的结合力,又有发黑膜靓丽的外观.这种黑化处理还具有污染小、消光性能好及经济适用等特点.     

HH902常温发黑系列在铸铁件上应用

由于防护和装饰的需要,不少铸铁件（含灰铸铁、可锻铸铁、球墨铸铁及低合金铸铁）也要作表面发黑处理。但是传统的碱性氧化发黑工艺处理铸铁件,外表往往呈棕红或土红色,似同锈蚀,不受厂家、用户欢迎,致使长期以来铸铁件完全不能应用低成本、不改变零件精度、外表美观的发黑技术。ＨＨ９０２钢铁常温发黑剂的特点：（１）具有真黑色的高耐蚀性的外表面;（２）膜层与基体结合力好,发黑膜均匀连续,不会龟裂及脱落;（３）发黑液稳定,使用寿命长,槽液维护及调整简便,槽液更新周期为３个月以上;（４）常温操作节能效果显著,一个５０…     

Adhesion characteristics of plasma-treated polypropylene to mild steel

The ability of polypropylene (PP) to adhere to mild steel depends to a large extent on the surface characteristics of both PP and steel. The adhesion of PP was improved by treatment in a cold plasma from oxidizing gases (O₂, H₂O, etc.). This surface functionalization was followed ex situ by means of contact angle measurements and XPS (X-ray photelectron spectroscopy) analysis. The polymer/steel assembly was fabricated by hot-pressing in vacuum, or after exposure to ambient air. Adhesion to steel, as determined by the lap-shear test, increased when the PP was treated with Ar-containing plasma gas and joined to steel after exposure to room atmosphere. Correlations between the polarity, the atomic (O/C, N/C) ratio, the dispersive component of the surface energy, and the degree of PP/steel adhesion are discussed.     

Determination of the oxygen reduction products on ASTM A516 steel during cathodic protection

The electrochemistry of steel in aerobic and anaerobic aqueous alkaline solutions was studied with or without forced convection to investigate the cathodic processes occurring on steel exposed by defects in polymer coated steel pipe. The results are relevant to the mechanistic understanding of the effect of cathodic protection on the disbonding of fusion bonded epoxy (FBE) coatings on steel. Moderate (pH9.8) and strongly (pH14) alkaline aqueous solutions were used to simulate the water layers at the cathodically polarized steel surface on the soil-side of buried pipe. A rotating gold ring and steel disc electrode (RRDE) in alkaline aqueous electrolyte equilibrated with 1atm oxygen over solution was used to measure the rotation rate dependent current for the electroreduction of oxygen, O2, on an ASTM A516 steel disc and the resulting peroxide generation, which was determined by monitoring the oxidation current on the gold ring. An appreciable fraction of the oxygen reduction current on the steel disk gave rise to peroxide generation over a wide range of potentials, from –0.2 to –0.9V vs SCE in 1M KOH. The observation of peroxide generation is noteworthy, because oxidizing agents, such as peroxide and its decomposition products, superoxide and hydroxy radical, can degrade the polymers used for coating pipelines. As result, oxidative degradation of polymer or interfacial compounds may be a cause of the accelerated disbonding observed for protective coatings on steel pipelines under cathodic protection.     

活性炭载体预处理对Ru/C氨合成催化剂活性的影响

将活性炭在惰性气体保护下进行高温热处理,随后在 O2/N2体积比为10%条件下进行氧化处理。采用元素分析、物理吸附和XRD方法,考察了不同处理后炭载体的化学组分、表面织构和物相变化。以不同预处理的活性炭为载体,制备了钡助催钌催化剂,在425 ℃,10.0MPa和10 000 h^－1条件下进行氨合成活性测试。结果表明,1 800 ℃热处理导致活性炭部分石墨化,能有效消除非炭成分,同时炭载体的比孔容下降了90%。随后的氧化处理能使炭载体比表面得到有效的恢复,以扩孔处理的炭为载体制备的钌催化剂能够使活性金属在载体中均匀分散,制备出高活性的氨合成钌催化剂。     

螺杆机筒表面处理的新方法及其工艺分析

介绍了几种螺杆和机筒表面处理的新方法及其制造工艺,如表面氮化处理、电镀硬铬工艺、高速钢整体淬火、等离子喷镀、堆焊合金、激光熔覆等,并对这些方法的优缺点进行了分析探讨.     

表面处理行业生产过程中典型工业固体废物调查

文章分析了铝型材、酸洗不锈钢、五金表面处理行业生产过程中产生的废渣、酸渣、和碱渣,并对固体废物浸出毒性物中的pH、铜、锌、镍、铅、镉、总铬、六价铬、汞、砷、无机氟化物(不含氟化钙)项目进行了研究。结果表明,三种废物按其超标率及项目的超标程度来比较,酸渣最高,程度最深,碱渣次之,废渣则最轻;若按行业产生的固体废物分则酸洗不锈钢和铝材行业固体废物超标较为严重,五金表面处理(不包括电镀)行业的酸渣和碱渣腐蚀性较强。     

Active forms of oxygen as agents for electrochemical functionalization of SWCNTs

The electrochemical method of grafting functional groups onto single-walled nanotube surface by active oxygen-containing intermediates generated by electrolysis of water in neutral and alkaline aqueous solutions is proposed. As a result of electrolysis the relative concentrations of oxygen-containing functional groups in solutions of sodium sulfate and potassium hydroxide achieve ∼26 and ∼12 at.% correspondingly, whereas specific capacities values of electrochemically treated SWCNT electrodes are ∼80 and 2–4 F/g, respectively. This distinction between the results of electrochemical treatment is supposed to be determined by a different nature of intermediates generated on the surface of nanotubes in neutral and alkaline solutions at anodic region of potentials. In the first case, the main oxidizing agents are OH-radicals; in the latter case – О⁻ ions and their oxidizing ability is essentially lower.     

室温硫化硅橡胶粘接用胶粘剂的研究

研究了室温硫化硅橡胶生、熟片与不同材料(钢、合金铝、碳纤维／酚醛复合材料)粘接用胶粘剂及表面处理剂的合成方法和使用方法,较好地解决了硅橡胶熟片的粘接问题,粘接试件在室温下的剪切强度达到3.0MPa以上。     

Specification of surface parameters effects on corrosion behavior of the AISI 316Ti in dependence on experimental methods

Stainless steels usually suffer localized corrosion, such as pitting and crevice corrosion, in chloride containing oxidizing environments. Their corrosion resistance depends on materials chemical composition, microstructure, heat treatment, surface finishing, and also on environment character (composition of electrolyte, temperature, pH, flow, etc.). The subject of the work is investigation of mechanical (grinding) and combined (grinding + pickling) surface treatment effect on corrosion behavior of stainless steel AISI 316Ti. The selected properties of surfaces are determined including surface roughness, surface-free energy, topography (by atomic force microscopy) and chemical composition using scanning electron microscopy. Corrosion susceptibility of the specimens with ground or ground and pickled surfaces to local corrosion has been studied by the three types of corrosion tests (exposure test, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy). The experiments enable not only to compare corrosion resistance after different surface treatment, but to follow response of the surface state on corrosion mechanism of the different experimental methods.     

Contact angle and wettability of hybrid surface-treated metal adherends

Adhesion performance of adhesively bonded metal joints with aluminum and stainless steel was much dependent on the surface treatment of the adherends. This work was aimed at optimizing hybrid surface treatments to improve wettability of metal surfaces and strength of adhesive metal joints, which was a combination of mechanical, chemical, and energetic surface treatment methods. The surface free energies and wettability of hybrid surface-treated metal adherends were measured for different treatment conditions with abrasion, grit blast, sulfuric acid etching, phosphoric acid anodizing, silane treatment, plasma treatment, and flame treatment. The surface morphology and chemical composition of the metal adherends were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the bond strengths of the single-lap joints composed of aluminum and stainless steel adherends were measured with respect to hybrid surface treatment conditions. From the experiments, an effective hybrid surface treatment condition was suggested for metal surfaces with super-hydrophilic characteristics. Also, the failure mode of adhesive metal joints was evaluated by photo-surface analysis method.     

Chemical cleaning of reverse osmosis membranes used for treating wastewater from a rolling mill process

An analysis of fouling material and the effects of chemical cleaning were examined for a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, which was used for the treatment of wastewater from a rolling mill process in the steel industry. The bulk foulant accumulated in the membrane module consisted mainly of CaSO₄·2H₂O, and the organic contaminants were contained at a very low level. The test pieces obtained from the exhausted RO membrane module (spiral-wound type) were used to examine chemical cleaning with the following solutions: acid and alkaline solutions with EDTA added, 50% methanol, and 10% ethyleneglycol monobutyrate (EGMB). Although a major component of the fouling material was calcium salt, the acid or alkaline solution containing EDTA did not promote the effective recovery of the water flux. On the other hand, cleaning with 50% methanol or 10% EGME solution increased the water flux significantly. The atomic force microscopy images of the membrane surface indicated that relatively large particles accumulated at the surface of the fouled membranes, and the large particles remained even after acid or alkaline cleaning. In the case of EGMB cleaning after alkaline cleaning, large particles did not remain, and uniform and fine particles were observed. The results that calcium salt, a major fouling material, was not removed effectively with the acid and alkaline solution may be due to trace organic materials in the fouling layer that act as a binder for inorganic fouling materials.