基于支持向量机改进算法的船舶类型识别研究

利用船舶目标辐射噪声DEMON谱特征,采用改进的支持向量机算法,实现了对船舶目标的分类识别研究。针对支持向量机算法对噪声比较敏感和最优分类面求解时约束较多不利于支持向量机最优分类面寻优的问题,在保持支持向量稀疏性和应用径向基核函数的条件下,对支持向量机算法在松弛变量和决策函数两方面进行了改进,提出了基于径向基核函数的齐次决策二阶损失函数支持向量机改进算法,并应用于利用船舶目标辐射噪声DEMON谱进行船舶目标类型分类识别实验。理论分析、数据仿真与实验结果表明,该改进算法实现了在二次规划中的较少约束条件下最优分类面求解,具有模型参数寻优空间广阔、总体分类性能优的特点,其分类性能优于原支持向量机算法,是一种适合于船舶辐射噪声DENOM分类识别的有效的支持向量机改进算法。     

基于支持向量机的变压器碳排放预测模型

目的 解决变压器中主要设计参数影响下的碳排放量预测问题。方法 本文利用随机森林（Random Forest,RF）算法和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine,SVM）算法进行对比,构建一个变压器碳排放预测模型。结果 通过对变压器的全生命周期进行评价,确定铁芯的长宽比为影响碳排放量的主要因素,对给定参数下的碳排放量进行预测,并与实际值进行对比分析得出,3类预测模型中,SVM高斯核模型的平均绝对误差值约为5.37,与碳排放实际值最为接近,故采用高斯核函数的非线性支持向量机预测模型最优。结论 证明支持向量机高斯核函数预测模型更具有预测准确性和有效性,以期能为生产企业进行低碳设计提供参考依据,为电力行业生产设备的可持续设计研究提供一定的借鉴意义。     

层次型支持向量机人脸检测器

大量的数值实验表明，在非线性支持向量机中，核函数的选取对支持向量机性能的影响很大。核函数的选择一直是一个难题。本文利用遗传算法的全局优化能力比较并分析了多项式核函数和高斯核函数的检测正确率和支持向量个数两项指标，提出了一种层次型支持向量机人脸检测器。实验结果证明，本文的方法确实取得了较好的效果。     

基于支持向量特征筛选方法的想象动作识别

引入了支持向量特征筛选方法,以克服基于想象动作诱发脑电特征的脑-机接口识别中,由于特征维度较高而训练数据有限、不易获得理想识别效果的问题.支持向量特征筛选方法采用扰动支持向量机代价函数的方法测量特征的分类贡献度,进而建立特征序贯指数,以递归方法进行特征排序和优化筛选.对14例受试者的左右上肢想象动作诱发脑电信号进行分析,提取6类246维特征,采用支持向量递归筛选方法进行特征优选,利用支持向量机对优选特征进行识别,结果显示,支持向量递归筛选得到的优选特征可显著提高识别正确率.研究表明,支持向量特征筛选可以降低无效特征干扰,提高分类器效率,适用于特征维度较高的脑-机接口任务识别.     

组合核函数支持向量机在水中目标识别中的应用

论文研究了支持向量机核函数构成条件以及不同核函数的特性，结合水中目标识别技术特点，提出了一种组合核函数支持向量机的方法。提取了基于小波变换的舰船辐射噪声奇异性、尺度-过零、尺度-能量特征，对水中目标进行了SVM分类识别。研究表明，基于组合核函数的支持向量机分类识别效果优于单独核函数的支持向量机识别效果。     

基于机器学习的钛合金弹性模量预测方法研究

目的 探索一种高效可行的预测方法以提高钛合金弹性模量的预测精度,采用第一性原理计算方法与机器学习相结合的方式建立高精度的预测模型。方法 通过数据挖掘获取材料数据库中钛合金的力学性质微观结构参数,结合第一性原理计算方法构建初始数据集,并对其进行预处理,包括噪音消除、归一化及标准化,以得到高质量的数据集。同时,采用随机森林特征重要性分析法对输入参数进行筛选,去除弱相关变量以降低预测模型的复杂度。在此基础上,构建随机森林模型、支持向量机模型、BP神经网络模型及优化后的GA-BP神经网络模型,综合对比各模型的回归能力,分析误差后选出最优的算法模型。结果 最终建立了钛合金弹性模量预测模型,其中随机森林模型、支持向量机模型、BP神经网络模型、GA-BP神经网络模型的预测相关系数R分别为0.836、0.943、0.917、0.986。结论 GA-BP模型对弹性模量的预测误差基本保持在5%～7%。遗传算法可以优化BP神经网络的权值和阈值,使预测精度大幅提升。说明通过该方法可以实现钛合金弹性模量的预测,大大节省研发和实验成本,加快高性能材料的筛选。     

基于多特征和多核学习的行人检测方法的研究

行人检测系统涉及交通安全问题,需要很高的鲁棒性,基于单特征结合单核支持向量机的方法效果有限,为解决这一问题,提出采用多特征和多核学习的方法来提升系统的鲁棒性,通过将积分信道特征、多层次导向边缘能量特征和CENTRIST特征分别与直方图交叉核、高斯核和多项式核进行线性组合,采用简单多核学习（Simple MKL）来分别计算核函数的权重系数,将多核学习方法与经典的梯度直方图特征/支持向量机、多尺度梯度直方图特征/直方图交叉核支持向量机和特征融合/直方图交叉核支持向量机的行人检测方法进行比较,实验表明所提出的行人检测算法的鲁棒性有明显提升。     

基于支持向量机的步态分类方法

针对小样本步态数据引起的分类器泛化能力差的问题,提出了基于支持向量机的步态分类方法.采集了24名青年和24名老年受试者的步态数据,提取24个步态特征训练支持向量机,采用交叉验证方法评估分类器的泛化性能.结果表明,本文提出的方法能够有效地对小样本步态数据分类,并且具有良好的泛化性.不同的核函数对分类性能影响较小.与传统反向传播学习算法的神经网络分类器进行了比较,支持向量机分类性能明显优于传统反向传播学习算法的神经网络.支持向量机在步态分类中具有广泛的应用前景.     

支持向量机在混合气体种类光谱识别中的应用

针对混合气体种类光谱识别中组分气体特征谱线重叠严重的问题,将支持向量机用于混合气体种类光谱识别中,提出了一种基于支持向量机二值分类识别模型的逐一混合气体种类识别方法。利用支持向量机的核函数变换,将特征谱线重叠严重的光谱在高维空间变换为线性可分后再逐一进行混合气体种类识别。在天然气气体种类识别实验中,比较了不同核函数、数据预处理、特征提取、训练样本数等条件与识别结果的关系,结果表明,方法对1%浓度以上的天然气组成气体的正确识别率大于97%,在理论和实际应用中具有重要的推广价值。     

时延系统中T-LSSVR动态软测量建模方法研究

针对工业过程中由于系统存在延时导致软测量模型难以建立、模型精度偏低等问题,提出将系统延时(T)与最小二乘支持向量回归机(LSSVR)相结合,构建一种基于T-LSSVR的动态软测量建模方法;该方法在建模过程中利用互相关函数与一阶广义差分算法辨识得到“静态响应延时”和“动态响应延时”,通过软测量手段对变量进行预测以实现辅助变量对主导变量的最佳估计。对某化工企业具有此类双延时性质的系统进行实验,实验结果表明该建模方法在动态和稳态数据预测方面都有良好的预测效果。     

Utilizing support vector machine in real-time crash risk evaluation

Real-time crash risk evaluation models will likely play a key role in Active Traffic Management (ATM). Models have been developed to predict crash occurrence in order to proactively improve traffic safety. Previous real-time crash risk evaluation studies mainly employed logistic regression and neural network models which have a linear functional form and over-fitting drawbacks, respectively. Moreover, these studies mostly focused on estimating the models but barely investigated the models’ predictive abilities. In this study, support vector machine (SVM), a recently proposed statistical learning model was introduced to evaluate real-time crash risk. The data has been split into a training dataset (used for developing the models) and scoring datasets (meant for assessing the models’ predictive power). Classification and regression tree (CART) model has been developed to select the most important explanatory variables and based on the results, three candidates Bayesian logistic regression models have been estimated with accounting for different levels unobserved heterogeneity. Then SVM models with different kernel functions have been developed and compared to the Bayesian logistic regression model. Model comparisons based on areas under the ROC curve (AUC) demonstrated that the SVM model with Radial-basis kernel function outperformed the others. Moreover, several extension analyses have been conducted to evaluate the effect of sample size on SVM models’ predictive capability; the importance of variable selection before developing SVM models; and the effect of the explanatory variables in the SVM models. Results indicate that (1) smaller sample size would enhance the SVM model's classification accuracy, (2) variable selection procedure is needed prior to the SVM model estimation, and (3) explanatory variables have identical effects on crash occurrence for the SVM models and logistic regression models.     

Investigating driver injury severity patterns in rollover crashes using support vector machine models

Rollover crash is one of the major types of traffic crashes that induce fatal injuries. It is important to investigate the factors that affect rollover crashes and their influence on driver injury severity outcomes. This study employs support vector machine (SVM) models to investigate driver injury severity patterns in rollover crashes based on two-year crash data gathered in New Mexico. The impacts of various explanatory variables are examined in terms of crash and environmental information, vehicle features, and driver demographics and behavior characteristics. A classification and regression tree (CART) model is utilized to identify significant variables and SVM models with polynomial and Gaussian radius basis function (RBF) kernels are used for model performance evaluation. It is shown that the SVM models produce reasonable prediction performance and the polynomial kernel outperforms the Gaussian RBF kernel. Variable impact analysis reveals that factors including comfortable driving environment conditions, driver alcohol or drug involvement, seatbelt use, number of travel lanes, driver demographic features, maximum vehicle damages in crashes, crash time, and crash location are significantly associated with driver incapacitating injuries and fatalities. These findings provide insights for better understanding rollover crash causes and the impacts of various explanatory factors on driver injury severity patterns.     

基于SVM的船舶上层建筑舱室噪声预报方法

摘 要：为对舰船舱室噪声进行精确预测,提出了基于SVM（支持向量机）的舱室噪声预测方法。采用RBF核函数和ERBF核函数,以某集装箱船上层建筑舱室噪声为训练样本,建立了两种集装箱船上层建筑舱室噪声的非线性回归模型;并应用两种模型对母型船及另一艘集装箱船上层建筑舱室噪声进行预测,并将预测结果进行了比较分析;在此基础上,应用效果较好的模型对一艘散装货船上层建筑舱室噪声进行预测。预测结果表明：应用SVM非线性回归模型对船舶上层建筑舱室噪声的预测是可行的,预测效果较为理想。     

A combined M5P tree and hazard-based duration model for predicting urban freeway traffic accident durations

The duration of freeway traffic accidents duration is an important factor, which affects traffic congestion, environmental pollution, and secondary accidents. Among previous studies, the M5P algorithm has been shown to be an effective tool for predicting incident duration. M5P builds a tree-based model, like the traditional classification and regression tree (CART) method, but with multiple linear regression models as its leaves. The problem with M5P for accident duration prediction, however, is that whereas linear regression assumes that the conditional distribution of accident durations is normally distributed, the distribution for a “time-to-an-event” is almost certainly nonsymmetrical. A hazard-based duration model (HBDM) is a better choice for this kind of a “time-to-event” modeling scenario, and given this, HBDMs have been previously applied to analyze and predict traffic accidents duration. Previous research, however, has not yet applied HBDMs for accident duration prediction, in association with clustering or classification of the dataset to minimize data heterogeneity. The current paper proposes a novel approach for accident duration prediction, which improves on the original M5P tree algorithm through the construction of a M5P-HBDM model, in which the leaves of the M5P tree model are HBDMs instead of linear regression models. Such a model offers the advantage of minimizing data heterogeneity through dataset classification, and avoids the need for the incorrect assumption of normality for traffic accident durations. The proposed model was then tested on two freeway accident datasets. For each dataset, the first 500 records were used to train the following three models: (1) an M5P tree; (2) a HBDM; and (3) the proposed M5P-HBDM, and the remainder of data were used for testing. The results show that the proposed M5P-HBDM managed to identify more significant and meaningful variables than either M5P or HBDMs. Moreover, the M5P-HBDM had the lowest overall mean absolute percentage error (MAPE).     

Research on Hybrid Model of Garlic Short-term Price Forecasting based on Big Data

Garlic prices fluctuate dramatically in recent years and it is very difficult to predict garlic prices. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model is currently the most important method for predicting garlic prices. However, the ARIMA model can only predict the linear part of the garlic prices, and cannot predict its nonlinear part. Therefore, it is urgent to adopt a method to analyze the nonlinear characteristics of garlic prices. After comparing the advantages and disadvantages of several major prediction models which used to forecast nonlinear time series, using support vector machine (SVM) model to predict the nonlinear part of garlic prices and establish ARIMA-SVM hybrid forecast model to predict garlic prices. The monthly average price data of garlic in 2010-2017 was used to test the effect of ARIMA model, SVM model and ARIMA-SVM model. The experimental results show that: (1) Garlic price is affected by many factors but the most is the supply and demand relationship; (2) The SVM model has a good effect in dealing with the nonlinear relationship of garlic prices; (3) The ARIMA-SVM hybrid model is better than the single ARIMA model and SVM model on the accuracy of garlic price prediction, it can be used as an effective method to predict the short-term price of garlic.     

Providing an efficient intelligent transportation system through detection,tracking and recognition of the region of interest in traffic signs by using non-linear SVM classifier in line with histogram oriented gradient and Kalman filter approach

With a focus on new researches in the area of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), an efficient approach has been investigated here. Based on the present view point, analysis of traffic signs are first considered via intelligence based approach, which is carried out through three main stages including detection, tracking and recognition, respectively, in this research. The key role of detection is to identify traffic signs by classification of road sign shapes in accordance with their signatures. This classification consists of four different shapes of circle, semicircle, triangle and square, as well. The linear classification of traffic sign is also carried out via support vector machine (SVM) by using one against all (OAA), since the present SVMs classifiers realized via linear kernel. The next step is to track traffic sign. It should be noted that this technique is now developed to reduce the searching mode in case of the whole area to be optimized its computational processing, consequently. This research work is investigated by realizing Kalman filter approach, where, finally, in recognition step, a feature of the region of interest (ROI) has been extracted for SVM classification. Histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) is realized in organizing the approach, as long as Gaussian kernel is also developed for non-linear SVM classifier.     

基于最大相关熵准则的多尺度高斯核极端学习机

针对传统的多尺度核极端学习机对噪声敏感且计算量大的问题,提出一种适用于高斯噪声环境的多尺度核极端学习机.首先,利用最大相关熵准则代替多尺度核极端学习机中传统的最小均方差准则构造目标函数;其次,将1种按训练样本数随机生成尺度因子的多尺度化方法应用于高斯核函数;最后引入拉格朗日乘子法对目标函数进行求解,推导出基于最大相关熵...     

Predicting motor vehicle crashes using Support Vector Machine models

Crash prediction models have been very popular in highway safety analyses. However, in highway safety research, the prediction of outcomes is seldom, if ever, the only research objective when estimating crash prediction models. Only very few existing methods can be used to efficiently predict motor vehicle crashes. Thus, there is a need to examine new methods for better predicting motor vehicle crashes. The objective of this study is to evaluate the application of Support Vector Machine (SVM) models for predicting motor vehicle crashes. SVM models, which are based on the statistical learning theory, are a new class of models that can be used for predicting values. To accomplish the objective of this study, Negative Binomial (NB) regression and SVM models were developed and compared using data collected on rural frontage roads in Texas. Several models were estimated using different sample sizes. The study shows that SVM models predict crash data more effectively and accurately than traditional NB models. In addition, SVM models do not over-fit the data and offer similar, if not better, performance than Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) models documented in previous research. Given this characteristic and the fact that SVM models are faster to implement than BPNN models, it is suggested to use these models if the sole purpose of the study consists of predicting motor vehicle crashes.     

用支持向量机模型预测单体与苯乙烯竞聚率

为预测60种烯烃类单体(M1)与苯乙烯(M2)的自由基共聚合竞聚率lgr1S值,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法在6-31G(d)基组水平上对烯烃类单体(C1H2=C2XY)进行了计算。用于构建支持向量机(SVM)模型的最佳参数子集包括:原子R3的Mulliken电荷qMR3,C1的Mulliken电荷QMC-1(H原子电荷全部合并到与之相连的重原子上),参数QMC-1与qMC-2之比RQq(=QMC-1/qMC-2),最低未占分子轨道(LUMO)能级(ELUMO)和最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)能级(EHOMO)之差ΔEg。最佳SVM模型为高斯径向基核函数(C=1000,ε=0.0001及γ=0.2)。该模型训练集、验证集及测试集的均方根(rms)误差分别为0.043,0.157及0.192,与现有竞聚率lgr模型相比,本文所得SVM模型具有更好的统计品质。