吸附除湿制冷空调系统的研究现状及发展趋势

本文主要从吸附除湿制冷循环产生的背景、循环的工作原理、研究现状及其发展趋势对吸附除湿制冷进行了一些综合和分析。由于吸附除湿制冷空调在能源利用、环境上是传统压缩式空调无可比拟的,所以其发展前景很可观。     

新型太阳能冷管吸附制冷的实验研究

根据固体吸附式制冷原理,利用太阳光作为热源,对一种新型太阳能冷管的制冷性能进行试验研究。该冷管冷凝器采用薄壁不锈钢材料,利用沸石分子筛—水作为吸附工质对。实验结果表明:在太阳辐射强度为21.01~22.90MJ/m2,室外环境温度最高为31℃时,该太阳能冷管的单支制冷量大约为145k J,制冷温度为11℃,制冷系数约为0.118。     

船用喷射制冷机组的研究及发展现状

船用喷射制冷机组可以有效利用船舶上低品位热能,实现能源的节约和高效利用。简述了喷射制冷的原理,进行了热力学分析,对船用蒸汽喷射制冷机组及余热回收式喷射制冷机组的研究及发展现状进行了分析,并对太阳能等新型喷射制冷机组船用化进行了展望。     

太阳能半导体制冷的实验研究与数值分析

建立了以水为热交换媒介的太阳能光伏半导体制冷模块实验系统.制冷装置模块化,用以适应制冷功率变化较大的不同空间布局,通过太阳能光电半导体制冷实验获得了不同工作状态下电流、制冷量、制冷系数等重要参数,该参数可为确定系统最佳工作区域提供可靠依据.给出了太阳能热电制冷系统组合方案,介绍了一种新型组合式半导体制冷器和半导体热电发电装置,其数值计算的结构参数、最大制冷系数和制冷率等重要参数以及热电器件最佳工作区域和结构参数的最优范围,可为系统优化设计的配置提供理论上的指导.     

氯化锂吸附除湿空调系统的实验研究

本文对以氯化锂为吸湿剂的吸附除湿空调系统进行了实验研究,实验结果表明该空调系统再生空气的最佳温度为90℃;空调工况下制冷系数COP在41～51%之间;如果再生空气温度低于80℃,则COP低于20%.并且还讨论了该空调系统各个操作参数之间的相互关系.本文取得的实验数据为吸附除湿空调系统的进一步完善提供了可靠依据.     

脉管式气波制冷的实验研究

简介了同时利用压力能制冷的气波制冷与脉管制冷的原理,并对影响其效率的因素进行分析,并进行了管长,转速,充排比等对其效率影响的实验研究,得出了一些有益的结论,最后对脉管制冷与气波制冷的耦合进行了探讨。     

单级吸附制冷循环的热力学模拟

吸附式制冷是一种既可以有效利用余热又对环境友好的制冷方式,近年来吸附式制冷的研究倍受国内外的专家学者的关注。目前,由于吸附式制冷系统的性能参数COP较低、制冷机体积庞大和吸附器结构复杂等因素限制,尚无法推广应用。为此有必要对吸附工质对的优选,性能参数的影响因素以及系统的优化组织等方面进行更深入的研究探讨。鉴于此,建立了单级吸附系统的循环热力学模型,以寻求最佳工质对并获得影响循环性能的主要因素以及评价。     

氨吸附制冷特性的实验研究

对以ＮＨ３为制冷剂,ＭｇＣｌ２、ＣａＣｌ２、ＳｒＣｌ２、ＢａＣｌ２和活性炭为吸附剂所组成的吸附式制冷工质对的基础吸附性能进行了实验研究,得到了吸附等温线。实验结果表明,ＣａＣｌ２－ＮＨ３、ＳｒＣｌ２－ＮＨ３、工质对性能较佳,具有商业开发价值。本还研究了活性炭浸渍ＳｒＣｌ２及加入导热促进剂石墨的混合吸附剂对ＮＨ３的吸附性能。     

喷射制冷在太阳能液体除湿系统中的应用

介绍一套以太阳能液体除湿制冷为主，太阳能喷射制冷为辅的全新风空调系统，描述系统原理及流程；建立液体除湿一喷射冷却的空调实验装置；分析比较喷射制冷应用于除湿制冷中不同部位的性能及可行性；在兼顾系统效率的同时解决送风温度偏高问题；针对上海地区的气候特点，对该系统做了实验研究，在热源温度为75℃时，送风温度为19℃时，总系统COP可达0．7。     

一个用太阳能驱动的新型吸收制冷循环

提出了一个由太阳能驱动的新型吸收制冷循环。论文将热变器原理用于吸收制冷,从而大大提高了吸收制冷的循环效率。详细介绍该新型循环的热力学模型,同时以一个典型的太阳日照为例,计算了新循环的性能系数（ＣＯＰ）、冷凝热、理论极限制冷温度和制冷量,并与传统循环进行了比较。结果表明,新循环不仅克服了传统循环在热源工况不稳定时将导致系统工况不稳定甚至不能工作的缺点,而且还具有更高ＣＯＰ值。     

The potential of solar energy use in desiccant cooling cycles

The use of heat produced by solar thermal collectors is an interesting option for thermal driven air conditioning processes. A thermal driven cooling technique which fits well to non-tracking solar collectors is the desiccant cooling technique. Recently several projects have been carried out which focus on the connection of desiccant cooling systems with solar thermal energy for regeneration of the sorbents. This communication deals with three main topics: (1) experiences achieved in a realized system which is coupled to a solar collector are discussed, (2) a new concept is presented, in which a solar air collector is integrated into the desiccant cooling cycle as the only heat source and (3) a comparative study is presented which compares system performance for different system configurations and different climatic situations.     

Optimisation of a desiccant cooling system design with indirect evaporative cooler

Solar desiccant-based air-conditioning has the potential to significantly reduce cost and/or greenhouse gas emissions associated with cooling of buildings. Parasitic energy consumption for the operation of supply fans has been identified as a major hindrance to achieving these savings. The cooling performance is governed by the trade-off between supplying larger flow-rates of cool air or lower flow-rates of cold air. The performance of a combined solid desiccant-indirect evaporative cooler system is analysed by solving the heat and mass transfer equations for both components simultaneously. Focus is placed on varying the desiccant wheel supply/regeneration and indirect cooler secondary/primary air-flow ratios. Results show that for an ambient reference condition, and 70 °C regeneration temperature, a supply/regeneration flow ratio of 0.67 and an indirect cooler secondary/primary flow ratio of 0.3 gives the best performance with COP_e > 20. The proposed cooling system thus has potential to achieve substantial energy and greenhouse gas emission savings.     

太阳能/余热固体除湿冷却系统研究

提出并研制一种太阳能／余热驱动除湿冷却系统。系统包括2台内冷却紧凑式固体除湿器、热交换器、蒸发冷却器等部件。在不同工况下对系统的性能进行模拟计算，分析再生温度、热交换器效率及蒸发冷却器效率对系统性能的影响。     

Contributions of system components and operating conditions to the performance of desiccant cooling systems

This study systematically analyzes the effect of various kinds of design parameters on the performance of a desiccant cooling system under two different system configurations. The considered parameters include system components such as the sensible heat exchanger, regenerative evaporative cooler and desiccant wheel, as well as operating conditions of outdoor conditions, regenerative temperature and rate of outdoor influx. Numerical simulation has been conducted for these 11 design parameters with 3 levels. The orthogonal array L₂₇(3¹³) is adopted for the analysis of variance. In the range of the parameters considered, the regenerative temperature is found to be the most dominant parameter of contribution ratio of 31.9% and 23.9% for each system configuration. In the case of confined interest of the applications such as a district cooling system or a solar system using medium-temperature collectors, the cooling performance of the regenerative evaporative cooler is the most crucial for the system performance.     

Performance analysis of a solar cooling plant based on a liquid desiccant evaporative cooler

Summer air conditioning represents a growing market in buildings worldwide, with a significant growth rate observed in European commercial and residential buildings. Available heat driven cooling technologies can be used in combination with solar thermal collectors to reduce the load caused by air conditioning on the electric utilities and to reduce the environmental impact. This work reports a performance analysis of an open cycle solar cooling plant. The plant, installed in Northern Italy, is based on a liquid desiccant evaporative cooler coupled with a solar field. Experimental tests run during summer show average primary energy ratio and primary energy saving index of about 1.6 and 30%, respectively. Though this performance is satisfactorily, the regeneration unit always operated near the lower bound of the nominal temperature range. Therefore, optimization of the solar system design could lead to higher performance.     

射流冲击冷却系统实验性能研究

对一闭式射流冲击冷却系统的循环冷却性能进行了实验研究,讨论了循环流量和喷射压差对冷却循环系统性能的影响.为了分析射流换热性能的差异,对不同喷射压力和流量的工况进行分析,并通过对喷射腔内的喷射状态观察,与相关的换热试验性能进行了对比分析.     

Theoretical analysis of an open-cycle absorption heating and cooling system

In warm countries, such as Italy and Spain, the increasing demand for space conditioning cannot be met by the current capacity of installed electric power. This has led to a growing interest in cooling with natural gas. An interesting thermal cooling system uses open-cycle absorption. It treats the air directly without heat exchangers and with very low temperature drops. With absorption dehumidification it is possible not only to obtain a cooling system similar in performance to conventional thermal cooling systems, but also, with few modifications, a high-performance heating system fed by a natural gas burner, which combines simplicity with PER typical of a gas driven heat pump. The proposed new system described in the paper is studied both in winter and summer mode, evaluating the influence of the different parameters.     

Experimental evaluation and performance enhancement prediction of desiccant assisted separate sensible and latent cooling air-conditioning system

CO₂ and R410A desiccant wheel (DW)-assisted separate sensible and latent cooling (SSLC) air-conditioning systems were tested under the AHRI standard. At a 50 °C regeneration temperature, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the vapor compression cycles improved only 7% from the respective baseline systems for both refrigerants. This paper proposed the idea of applying divided condensers (or gas coolers) to the R410A (or CO₂) SSLC system to enhance its performance. It was found that the application of divided heat exchangers to the SSLC system provided sufficiently hot airflow for regenerating the desiccant wheel at both a reduced high side pressure (from 10.4 MPa to 9.7 MPa for CO₂, from 3.46 MPa to 3.45 MPa for R410A) and a reduced discharge temperature from the condenser (gas cooler) (4 K lower for both refrigerants). The COP improvement is 36% and 61% to R410A and CO₂ baseline systems, respectively.     

臭氧处理冷水机组循环冷却水的节能试验研究

从目前循环冷却水系统中普遍存在的结垢问题入手,引出臭氧水处理法,它是一种环保、安全、高效的水处理方法。臭氧在处理循环冷却水时能起到杀菌、缓蚀、阻垢及脱垢的作用。简要阐述臭氧处理循环冷却水的阻垢及脱垢原理,分析污垢对冷水机组性能的影响。臭氧处理冷水机组循环冷却水的试验表明,臭氧水处理方法能够显著提高冷水机组的COP。     

数据中心冷却用动力型热管的实验研究

为研究用于数据中心的动力型热管系统性能,本文在焓差法实验室对三类压缩机性能进行了实验研究,结果表明:1)带气泵功能的压缩机具备低压缩比运行能力,可根据室外环境温度以及室内负荷不同分别切换不同工作模式,简化系统配置,具有很好节能效益,其中变频转子压缩机COP可以超过20,变频涡旋压缩机COP接近20,可以较好的替代液泵; 2)中小型机房空调领域,综合利用气相动力型热管与压缩制冷技术,拓宽了自然冷却利用时间,全年能效比AEER远高于常规机房空调,配合运用地域性风冷、水冷、蒸发冷等节能方式,为现代数据中心节能减排提供了新的思路; 3)大型数据中心空调领域,磁悬浮压缩机COP超过20,具有较高的节能效益,但与液泵相比仍具有一定差距,同时离心式压缩机作为气泵运用存在循环不畅的现象,需要液泵进行压头补偿。