二级倒立摆的二次型最优控制研究

倒立摆系统以其自身的不稳定性而难以控制，也因此成为自动控制实验中验证控制策略优劣的极好的实验装置。针对二级倒立摆系统的平衡控制问题，对其进行数学建模，应用二次型最优控制理论设计了控制器。仿真结果表明，二次型最优控制对于典型非线性自不稳定系统有着很好的控制能力。     

旋臂式倒立摆的控制设计与仿真

针对旋臂式倒立摆的稳定控制问题,建立了二阶旋臂式倒立摆系统的数学模型,运用连续系统线性二次型最优控制理论,设计了旋臂式倒立摆控制系统的线性二次型调节器,使倒立摆系统在闭环状态下稳定。运用Matlab进行仿真,通过与传统的极点配置方法相比较,发现最优控制效果更好。     

旋转二级倒立摆的二次型最优控制研究

针对多变量、非线性和强耦合的旋转二级倒立摆系统,采用分析力学理论分析旋转二级倒立摆系统的结构,建立了旋转二级倒立摆系统的数学模型状态空间方程,分析了系统的稳定性和可控性.将系统的状态空间方程在平衡点附近进行线性化处理,分别采用线性二次型最优控制策略LQR及LQY方法对旋转二级倒立摆系统进行控制系统设计,并借助Matlab平台进行了仿真实验研究.对控制结果进行了详细分析研究,对于实现其他不稳定系统的控制,有着一定的借鉴价值.     

二级倒立摆的半物理仿真模型研究与实现

本文在MATLAB环境下建立了二级倒立摆的半物理实时仿真模型，并应用线性二次型最优控制策略．设计了一个二级倒立摆LQR控制器。在实验中，运行该半实物仿真模型，成功的使倒立摆稳定地平衡在“倒立”状态。     

二级倒立摆系统的实时稳定控制实验研究

为实现二级倒立摆系统的实时稳定控制,以深圳固高直线二级倒立摆装置作为控制对象,在MATLAB环境下,利用基于二次型最优控制理论的线性二次型(Linear Quadratic Regulator,LQR)最优控制器,成功实现了该装置的实时稳定控制。为引入新的控制策略,采集二级倒立摆实时控制过程中的LQR控制器数据作为样本,经过自适应神经模糊推理系统(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System,ANFIS)工具箱训练并生成出一种新型模糊神经网络控制器,应用到装置上同样实现了实时平衡。结果表明,新型控制器较LQR控制器控制效果更优,也为成功实现装置的实时平衡提供了一种新的思路和解决方法。     

环型二级倒立摆的控制研究与实现

通过分析环型二级倒立摆系统的动力学特性,将系统的状态空间方程在“倒立”的 平衡点附近进行线性化处理,应用线性二次型最优控制策略,对环型二级倒立摆进行控制器 的设计与仿真实验,并成功地将所设计的控制器应用到实际的环型二级倒立摆系统上,使其 稳定地平衡在“倒立”状态．所做应用与实际实验在国内尚未见到报道．     

基于LQR的一阶直线双倒立摆最优控制系统研究

从理论和实践上对线性一阶直线双倒立摆作了深入的研究。首先,用牛顿-欧拉方法建立了双倒立摆的精确数学模型;其次,对其模型进行最优控制。主要采用线性二次型最优控制方法设计了双倒立摆的控制器。通过试验对模型进行仿真验证,并达到较好的控制效果。     

旋转二级倒立摆的控制系统设计与仿真

小车倒立摆系统是一个典型的多变量、非线性、强耦合和快速运动的自然不稳定系统,其控制问题被公认为控制理论的一个典型问题,是控制理论研究的典型实验平台.旋转二级倒立摆是一种新型的倒立摆装置,与同级的直线轨道倒立摆相比,结构简单紧凑,但模型更复杂和不稳定,对控制算法提出更高的要求,增加了控制难度.该文基于动力学理论分析旋转二级倒立摆系统的结构,建立了旋转二级倒立摆系统的数学模型状态空间方程,分析了系统的稳定性和可控性.采用二次型最优控制策略对旋转二级倒立摆系统进行控制系统设计,并借助Matlab平台进行了仿真实验.实验结果证明了其控制有效性,该控制结果与其它控制方法相比,有较优的稳态特性和快速性,系统处在较大的非平衡初始状态,旋转二级摆杆也能稳定地控制在倒立平衡位置附近.因此可以进一步扩展到多级旋转倒立摆的控制,对于实现其它不稳定系统的控制,也有着一定的借鉴价值.     

倒立摆系统的自摆起和稳定控制

为了实现一级倒立摆系统自摆起和稳定控制，该文采用了最优控制与PID控制相结合的控制方法。首先，采用Bang—Bang控制理论设计开环时间最优控制器，实现倒立摆的平稳快速摆起，同时设计经典PID控制器控制小车位置；然后采取线性二次型最优控制理论设计LQR控制器，将倒立摆稳定在平衡位置。计算机仿真和倒立摆系统实时仿真表明，文中提出的控制策略和控制算法得到了很好的验证，取得了满意的效果。     

环型二级倒立摆的控制研究与实验

通过分析环型二级倒立摆系统的动力学特性，将系统的状态空间方程在“倒立”的平衡点会近进行线性化处理，应用线性二次型最优控制策略，对环型二级倒立摆进行控制器的设计与仿真实验，并成功地将所设计的控制器应用到实际的环形二级倒立摆系统上，使其稳定地平衡在“倒立”状态，所做应用与实际实验在国内尚未见到报道。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.