大麻落麻与竹浆纤维混纺纱线的开发

分析了大麻纤维与竹浆纤维的原料性能及加工特性,介绍了大麻纤维与竹浆纤维混纺纱的纺纱工艺路线,并对并条工序应采取的技术措施进行了分析.通过采取适当的技术措施,保证了混纺纱的质量指标.     

大麻/柞蚕丝混纺纱工艺探讨

将大麻纤维与柞蚕丝落绵通过一定比例混纺，可集两种纤维的优点于一身。文章介绍了大麻纤维和柞蚕丝的特性，探讨了纺纱各工序的工艺参数，针对两种纤维的特点，合理的配置工艺参数，可生产出优质的大麻／柞蚕丝混纺纱。     

澳普蒂姆羊绒蚕丝精纺混纺纱的开发

介绍了新型的蛋白质纤维——澳普蒂姆羊毛的特性 ,并针对混纺纱生产过程中存在的技术难点提出了解决方案 ,指出了纺纱各工序的主要工艺参数     

大麻/大豆蛋白纤维混纺纱工艺探讨

通过大麻纤维及大豆蛋白纤维的性能对比，提出了两种纤维混合纺纱的工艺路线，并根据两种纤维的性能特点，对各工序主要工艺参数的配置作了介绍，通过优选上车工艺，可以生产优质的大麻／大豆蛋白纤维混纺纱。     

羊毛/不锈钢纤维混纺功能纱的试制

探讨了羊毛与不锈钢纤维混纺纱的纺纱方法,认为不锈钢纤维与羊毛混纺纱的生产关键是不锈钢纤维的牵切工艺设计与实施。考虑到不锈钢纤维及混纺纱的特殊性,纺纱工艺上采取了相应技术措施,如不锈钢纤维条分散喂入,增大纤维条的喂入宽度,保持纤维平行伸直状态,采用多并合、重加压、大隔距的工艺原则,选择适当的车速和张力等工艺参数。采取上述措施后,顺利试制出了羊毛/不锈钢纤维85/15 16.7tex混纺纱,产品质量能达到要求。     

马海毛/羊毛/粘纤混纺纱生产工艺技术的研究

马海毛纤维挺直,卷曲少,抱合力差,而且纤维比电阻高,静电大;混纺纱中的羊毛、粘纤与马海毛纤维长度差异较大,造成马海毛混纺纱生产过程中静电大、断头高、条干差、制成率低、纺纱极为困难.通过对不同的纺纱系统试纺过程中各工序出现的问题进行反复的工艺实验,最终确定了适合马海毛/羊毛/粘纤混纺纱的纺纱工艺流程及各工序最佳上机工艺参数,并在批量生产的基础上总结了该混纺纱关键工艺技术和质量控制要点.     

棉羊毛柔丝蛋白纤维混纺纱的生产

探讨棉羊毛柔丝蛋白纤维混纺纱的生产工艺流程、主要工艺参数及生产中的关键技术措施.针对柔丝蛋白纤维、羊毛和棉性能差异大、混纺困难的特点,时柔丝蛋白纤维和羊毛进行预处理,各工序采用合理的工艺配置及选用适宜的专件器材.通过各纺纱工序的工艺优化及技术措施的实施,很好地解决了生产中绕胶辊、罗拉及出"硬头"等问题,保证了棉/羊毛/柔丝蛋白纤维70/20/10 14.6 tex混纺针织纱的顺利生产.     

防静电纤维与棉混纺纱的开发

文章介绍了防静电纤维性能,阐述了生产混纺纱的工艺流程、各工序的工艺参数选择,以及所采取的技术措施和质量指标.     

大麻/大豆蛋白纤维混纺纱生产实践

通过大麻纤维及大豆蛋白纤维的性能对比，探讨两纤维混合纺纱的工艺路线，并根据两种纤维的性能特点，对各工序主要工艺参数的配置作了介绍。通过优选上车工艺，可以生产优质的大麻／大豆蛋白纤维混纺纱。     

大麻/大豆蛋白纤维混纺纱生产实践

通过大麻纤维及大豆蛋白纤维的性能对比，指出两纤维混合纺纱的工艺路线。根据两种纤维的性能特点，对各工序主要工艺参数的配置作了介绍，通过优选上车工艺，可以生产优质的大麻／大豆蛋白纤维混纺纱。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.