超临界二氧化碳富集提纯鱼油中EPA和DHA的研究进展（I）

鱼油中的特征脂肪酸ＥＰＡ（甘二碳六烯酸）对人体的医疗保健作用受到越来越广泛的重视。综述了近年来人们对超临界二氧化碳（ＳＣ－ＣＯ２）与鱼油脂肪酸相平衡的研究概况，分析了温度、压力、夹带刺等对ＳＣ－ＣＯ２从鱼油脂肪酸混合物中萃取提纯ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ的影响。     

超临界二氧化碳富集提纯鱼油中EPA和DHA的研究进展（Ⅱ）鱼油的预处理和实验装置

综述了近年来人们用超临界二氧化碳（ＳＣ－ＣＯ_２）从鱼油中富集提纯ＥＰＡ（廿碳五烯酸）和ＤＨＡ（廿二碳六烯酸）的各类实验装置。讨论了鱼油的预处理方法、萃取操作条件对ＳＣ－ＣＯ_２提纯ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ的纯度和收率的影响。介绍了一个工业化双塔连续逆流萃取模拟流程。对我国鱼油资源的利用进行了分析。     

超临界二氧化碳富集提纯鱼油中EPA和DHA的研究进展（Ⅱ）

综述了近看来 人们用超临界二氧化碳（ＳＣ－ＣＯ２）从鱼油中富集提纯ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ的各类实验装置，讨论了鱼油的预处理方法，萃取操作条件对ＳＣ－ＣＯ２提纯ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ的纯度和收率的影响，介绍了一个工业化双塔连续逆流萃取模拟流程。对我国鱼油资源的利用进行了分析。     

双液相萃取植物油脂和鱼油油脂的脂肪酸组成分析

通过把双液相萃取菜籽油和棉籽油的脂肪酸组成和市售油脂脂肪酸成份的对比，说明双液相工艺不改变油脂脂肪酸成分，海鱼鱼油中含有较高的二十碳五烯酸（ＥＰＡ）和二二碳六烯酸（ＤＨＡ），通过简单的物理方法，即可把ＥＰＡ＋ＤＨＡ含量富集到接近５０％。     

鱼油乙酯在超亚临界二氧化碳中溶解度的测定和关联

在２５℃、４０℃和５０℃下，测定了含二十碳五烯酸（ＥＰＡ）和二十二碳六烯酸（ＤＨＡ）共７７．５９％的鱼油乙酯在超亚临界二氧化碳中的溶解度，并得到了相应条件下的ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ的分离度。用ＰＲ和ＳＲＫ方程对所测溶解度数据进行了关联。     

鱼油及其多烯脂肪酸的制备研究Ⅰ气相色谱法快速测定鱼油及其制品中的EPA、DHA含量

鱼油及其多烯脂肪酸的制备研究Ⅰ气相色谱法快速测定鱼油及其制品中的ＥＰＡ、ＤＨＡ含量雷霆，郝希成二十碳五烯酸（ａｌｌｃｉｓ－５．８．１１．１４．１７－ｅｉｓｏｓａｐｅｎｏｉｃａｃｉｄ；ＥＰＡ）和二十二碳六烯酸（ａｌｌｃｉｓ４．７．１０．１３．１６．１９...     

利用生物技术生产廿碳五烯酸和廿二碳六烯酸

根据现在的了解，能产生有意义含量的廿碳五烯酸（ＥＰＡ）和廿二碳六烯酸（ＤＨＡ）的微生物有真菌和藻类。在微生物中，多不饱和脂肪酸的合成通常是以单不饱和脂肪酸、油酸为底物。合成途径中，有两个主要的反应，即碳链的增长和去饱和作用。ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ的生成通过ω－３代谢途径。微生物脂肪酸构成的质量和数量都受培养基的组分，通气、光照强度、温度和培养时间等环境因素的影响。大多数用于提取鱼油中的ＥＰＡ的方法也可用于微生物脂质中的ＥＰＡ的提取。几种方法被提出来生产高含量的ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ。它们一般是基于下列技术的结合：溶剂提取、尿素包合法、分子蒸馏、分馏、液相色谱法和超临界二氧化碳提取。     

功能油脂EPA、DHA的开发及其保健性能

功能油脂ＥＰＡ、ＤＨＡ的开发及其保健性能张相年（广州军区总医院药局广州，５１００１０）一、前言近年来，有大量的文献报道ＥＰＡ、ＤＨＡ对人体的有益性。海鱼油富含的ｎ－３型脂肪酸ＥＰＡ、ＤＨＡ（即二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸）是人体必需脂肪酸，具有良好的...     

水法提取鱼油的生产工艺研究

水法提取鱼油的生产工艺研究陈英乡山东烟台食品研究所１前言近年来,鱼油因富含ＤＨＡ（二十二碳六烯酸、ＥＰＡ（二十碳五烯酸）而受到世人关注,被广泛用作保健品（包括保健药品、保健食品）原料。然而目前我国市场上的ＤＨＡ、ＥＰＡ保健品原料都来自鱼粉厂的副产品-...     

国外对EPA和DHA的科研近况

本文对国外十十碳五烯酸（ＥＰＡ）和二十二碳六烯酸的近况做一扼要的报告。ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ原从海鱼油提取为主要来源，嗣以要求纯度较高以供医药之用，且为量逐渐增加，各国又转向合成法研究，现两种生产方式并存。本文除对ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ的效用做广泛的介绍外，对生产方式要点和最近发情况也示例地做了扼要的报告，最后还将欧洲共同体对医药用ＥＰＡ和ＤＨＡ有效组分的分析方法也提供了主要的文献。     

超临界-CO2 萃取燕麦麸油及其脂肪酸分析

采用正交试验考察超临界CO2 萃取燕麦麸皮中燕麦油的最佳工艺技术参数,用GC-MS 分析燕麦麸油的脂肪酸组成。结果表明：CO2 超临界萃取的最佳工艺参数为压力15MPa、温度35℃、时间3h,所得燕麦麸油澄清透明,呈金黄色,具有特殊的麦香味。超临界CO2 萃取燕麦麸油中的脂肪酸主要有棕榈酸17.60% 、硬脂酸1.32%、油酸40.15%、亚油酸37.55%、亚麻酸1.89% 和反油酸1.52%;而石油醚萃取燕麦麸油中的脂肪酸主要有15.90%、1.67%、38.38 %、41.67%、1.63% 和1.32%。超临界CO2 萃取与石油醚萃取燕麦麸油中的总不饱和脂肪酸分别占81.11% 和83.00%。     

Analysis of Headspace Volatile and Oxidized Volatile Compounds in DHA-enriched Fish Oil on Accelerated Oxidative Storage

ABSTRACT: Oxidative stability of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and volatile and oxidized volatile compounds in 2 types of DHA-enriched fish oil, triacylglycerol (TG) and ethyl ester (EE), were studied during storage at 80 °C with aeration. The rate of DHA autoxidation was higher than that of EPA. DHA in EE form was more susceptible to autoxidation than in TG form. Thirty-one volatile compounds were identified in EE and 23 volatile compounds in TG. (E)-2-pentenal, 2-(1-pentenyl) furan, and (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal were commonly detected as oxidized volatile compounds from TG and EE fish oil. These volatile oxidized compounds might be formed mainly from the oxidation of DHA and EPA, the main fatty acids of the oil.     

鱼粉加工副产物中鱼油的精炼及其脂肪酸组成分析

对鱼粉加工副产物中鱼油的精制进行研究,得到鱼粉加工副产物中鱼油精炼的最佳工艺：添加1%磷酸（体积分数60%）脱胶,3% NaOH（质量分数12%）溶液脱酸以及15%活性炭脱色,在85 ℃条件下减压蒸馏脱臭10 min。在精炼过程中,鱼油中饱和脂肪酸含量下降,其他脂肪酸含量变化较小。所制备鱼油的理化指标均达到精制鱼油一级要求,其中多不饱和脂肪酸总含量达到0.69 g/mL,二十二碳六烯酸和二十碳五烯酸含量分别为0.229 g/mL和0.121 g/mL。     

鱼油补充对中老年人群炎性衰老及相关疾病有益作用的研究进展

鱼油富含n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3 PUFA）,特别是人体必需脂肪酸二十二碳六烯酸（docosahexaenoic acid, DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA）。DHA和EPA在体内可以衍生出具有抗炎作用的二十碳体,如前列腺素（prostaglandins, PGs）、血栓素（thromboxanes, TX）、消退素（resolvins, Rv）、白三烯（leukotrienes, LTs）和其他氧化衍生物等。且鱼油补充有助于人体炎性衰老相关因子（血清 IL-6、IL-1、TNF-α及 CRP）水平的降低,并对炎性衰老相关疾病具有积极预防效果。本文系统介绍了DHA、EPA二十碳体的衍生及与二十碳四烯酸（arachidonic acid, AA）衍生的关系。同时基于鱼油补充与人体炎性衰老相关因子的关系,总结了膳食鱼油在改善中老年人群心血管疾病、类风湿关节炎、认知障碍及2型糖尿病的作用。已有数据显示,鱼油在降低炎性衰老因子,血脂异常改善和类风湿性关节炎症状减轻方面具有积极的临床效果。但是,在认知功能障碍和2型糖尿病改善方面,尚缺乏充分的治疗或者预防作用相关证据。     

利用气相色谱法分析不同萃取方法对鱼油中EPA、DHA含量的影响

本文利用气相色谱法(GC)对鱼油中的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)进行了定量分析,探究了快速检测EPA、DHA的分析条件,并以黄鲛鱼鱼胃为原料,利用建立的色谱分析方法分别测定了超声强化亚临界水萃取法、超声波辅助溶剂萃取法、酶解提取法和超临界CO₂萃取法获得的鱼油样品中的EPA和DHA的含量。结果显示:EPA的出峰时间是10.015 min,DHA的出峰时间是16.500 min。升温程序和分流比会显著影响目标峰(EPA、DHA)与其相邻峰的分离度R₁和R₂(p<0.01)。该法与国标GB5009.168-2016中的脂肪酸色谱分析方法相比,具有针对性强(可快速检测EPA、DHA)、准确性高、重现性好和快速高效的特点,样品分析时间由82 min缩短至18 min。在最佳分析条件下,上前述四种萃取方法获得鱼油中含有的EPA的检出量依次是54.67、35.23、40.13、33.40 mg/g,DHA的检出量依次是134.01、77.50、102.30、67.31 mg/g。     

Fish oil fortification of soft goat cheese

Soft goat cheese was fortified with four levels of purified fish oil (0, 60, 80, and 100 g fish oil per 3600 g goat milk) prior to curd formation to deliver high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) per serving. The cheese was evaluated for proximate composition, EPA+DHA content, oxidative stability, color, pH, and consumer acceptability. The cheese was partially vacuum packed and stored at 2 °C for four weeks. The fat content was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the fortified treatments compared to the control, but was not significantly different among fortified treatments. Likewise, EPA+DHA contents were not significantly different among fortified samples, averaging 127 mg EPA+DHA per 28 g serving. No significant lipid oxidation was detected by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) or hexanal and propanal headspace analyses over the four week refrigerated shelf-life study for any treatments. The fortified cheeses were all liked 'moderately' by consumers (n = 105) for overall acceptability, although the 60 g fortification level did rate significantly higher. The control cheese and the 60 g fortification level had no significant differences in consumer purchase intent. These results demonstrate that fortification levels of up to 127 mg EPA+DHA per serving may be added to soft cheese without negatively affecting shelf-life or consumer purchase intent. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to have strong associations with health and well-being, and fish oil is a rich source of these fatty acids. In this study, goat cheese was successfully fortified to deliver 127 mg omega-3 fatty acids per 28 g serving without affecting shelf life or consumer purchase intent.     

鱼油制剂化学型式的选择及制取工艺

富含二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的鱼油是防治动脉硬化及心血管疾病的理想药物,其医学价值还在深入研究之中。本文首先介绍了鱼油制剂在国内外发展近况,然后分析了几种不同化学制剂型式的鱼油在人体中吸收的情况,得出游离型的脂肪酸制剂是最适合人体吸收的一种制剂型式。最后结合我们研究的情况,提出一种简单的、适宜于工业生产的鱼油脂肪酸生产工艺,供有关科研与生产单位参考。     

深海鱼油中脂肪酸的柱前衍生-高效液相色谱串联质谱分析

用1-2-(对甲苯磺酸酯)乙基-2-苯基咪唑4,5-f9,10-菲(TSEPIP)作为柱前荧光衍生试剂,在EclipseXDB-C8(4.6×150mm,5μm,Agilent)反相色谱柱上,采用梯度洗脱在检测波长为380nm(激发波长为260nm)的条件下,实现了阿拉斯加深海鱼油中饱和脂肪酸含量的外标法定量测定。26种饱和脂肪酸的线性范围是200.0pmol～48.83fmol,线性相关系数均大于0.9996,检测限为3.824～47.13fmol(信噪比为3:1测得,S/N3:1)。经柱后串联质谱大气压化学电离源(APCI)正离子模式实现了各种饱和与不饱和脂肪酸衍生物的质谱鉴定,进而通过峰面积归一化法得出了所有饱和与不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量。结果表明,深海鱼油主要含有C12～C22的脂肪酸,共鉴定出25种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量占69.71%(峰面积百分比,下同),特别是具有重要生理作用的多不饱和脂肪酸,如C20:5:5,8,11,14,17-二十碳五烯酸(5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoicacid,EPA,16.62%),C22:6:2,5,8,11,14,17-二十二碳六烯酸(2,5,8,11,14,17-docosahexenoicacid,DHA,12.31%)。     

Effect of supplementation with calcium salts of fish oil on n-3 fatty acids in milk fat

Enrichment of milk fat with n-3 fatty acids, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), may be advantageous because of their beneficial effects on human health. In addition, these fatty acids play an important role in reproductive processes in dairy cows. Our objective was to evaluate the protection of EPA and DHA against rumen biohydrogenation provided by Ca salts of fish oil. Four Holstein cows were assigned in a Latin square design to the following treatments: 1) ruminal infusion of Ca salts of fish oil and palm fatty acid distillate low dose (CaFO-1), 2) ruminal infusion of Ca salts of fish oil and palm fatty acid distillate high dose (CaFO-2), 3) ruminal infusion of fish oil high dose (RFO), and 4) abomasal infusion of fish oil high dose (AFO). The high dose of fish oil provided ∼16 and ∼21 g/d of EPA and DHA, respectively, whereas the low dose (CaFO-1) provided 50% of these amounts. A 10-d pretreatment period was used as a baseline, followed by 9-d treatment periods with interceding intervals of 10 d. Supplements were infused every 6 h, milk samples were taken the last 3 d, and plasma samples were collected the last day of baseline and treatment periods. Milk fat content of EPA and DHA were 5 to 6 times greater with AFO, but did not differ among other treatments. Milk and milk protein yield were unaffected by treatment, but milk fat yield and DM intake were reduced by 20 and 15%, respectively, by RFO. Overall, results indicate rumen biohydrogenation of long chain n-3 fatty acids was extensive, averaging >85% for EPA and >75% for DHA for the Ca salts and unprotected fish oil supplements. Thus, Ca salts of fish oil offered no protection against the biohydrogenation of EPA and DHA beyond that observed with unprotected fish oil; however, the Ca salts did provide rumen inertness by preventing the negative effects on DM intake and milk fat yield observed with unprotected fish oil.     

超临界CO2萃取猕猴桃籽油工艺的研究

在单因素试验基础上,采用Box-Behnken 设计法对影响猕猴桃籽油超临界CO2 萃取的关键因素CO2 流量、萃取压力和萃取温度进行了优化探讨及其萃取数学模型的研究。结果表明：CO2 流量、压力和温度等因素对猕猴桃籽油萃取率的影响较显著,并且压力和温度对猕猴桃籽油萃取率的交互效应影响显著;超临界CO2 萃取的最佳工艺条件为：物料粒度40目、萃取压力31MPa、萃取温度40℃、CO2 流量27kg/h、萃取时间150min,该工艺条件下猕猴桃籽油萃取率达31.86%;建立了以猕猴桃籽油萃取率为目标值,以各提取工艺参数为因素的二次多项式模型,经验证,计算值和试验值拟合良好;超临界CO2 萃取的猕猴桃籽油与用己烷提取的油脂在脂肪酸组成上没有显著差别。