失地农民市民化的社会排斥分析

从失地农民市民化的现状入手,分析了失地农民市民化出现的问题:一是失地农民转成市民后家庭经济生活困难;二是失地农民进入城市后就业困难;三是失地农民社会保障问题突出.剖析了失地农民市民化问题产生的原因:一是制度化排斥是阻碍失地农民市民化的根源;二是社会保障制度的排斥是阻碍失地农民市民化的深层次原因;三是城市居民对失地农民的排斥与失地农民的自我排斥是阻碍失地农民市民化的主观因素;四是城市就业对失地农民的排斥是阻碍失地农民市民化的客观因素.基于上述分析提出了相应的对策:一是制定合理的土地流转价格,建立合理的征地补偿与利益分享机制;二是为失地农民构建多层次的社会养老保障体系;三是加大失地农民的人力资本投入,提高其就业率;四是提高失地农民文化素质.     

失地农民市民化过程中城市生活能力研究——以陕西省渭南市为例

运用鱼刺图,从制度层面、社会支持网络、失地农民自身以及经济层面4个方面剖析了失地农民生活能力现状及其原因.结果表明,不合理的征地补偿、失地农民社会保障的缺失和城市对失地农民的就业排斥是制度原因;失地农民的社会支持网络规模小、异质性低是社会支持网络原因;市民意愿低、角色转换困难、文化素质低是其自身原因;期望收益低、生活成本高是其经济层面的原因.基于上述分析,构建了提高失地农民城市生活能力的对策思路:一是完善土地征用制度;二是建立多层次的社会养老保障体系;三是完善失地农民培训与就业机制;四是提高失地农民培训与就与机制;四是提高失地农民自身素质.     

我国集体土地征收补偿机制

根据我国现行的集体土地征收补偿机制已经不能很好地适应国情民情,并在相当大程度上损害了农民的利益的情况,提出了集体土地征收补偿机制的完善措施和改革方向,包括严格界定"公共利益",承认商业性征地的合法性,执行客观合理的征地补偿标准,改进土地增值的分配方式,创新失地农民安置模式,以及规范和完善土地征收的管理体制等.     

我国城市化进程中失地农民就业问题:困境与出路

随着我国城市化进程的推进,大量农村集体土地被强制性的征收为城市用地.在征地热潮中形成的一个庞大的弱势群体就是失地农民.失地农民的就业问题是关系农民的切身利益、国家的长治久安以及社会主义和谐社会构建的重大课题.目前,失地农民面临着就业安置难、就业渠道少、就业质量低、就业竞争力弱等诸多就业困境.为此,从制度、心理、能力、市场四个方面分析失地农民就业困难的原因,并提出解决这一困境的对策:加强教育培训,增强就业能力;完善就业服务,加强就业引导;改革征地机制,创新安置方式;出台优惠政策,建立保障机制.     

从社会保障视角解决失地农民问题

失地农民的产生是工业化和城市化的必然结果,农民在土地被征用后失去了生活的最基本保障,这使得失地农民的就业、养老、医疗等问题突出,随后出现了许多地方性上访事件,给社会稳定带来了极大地隐患.为了让农民科学、合理的离开土地,本文从健全社会保障体系出发,为失地农民建立一个可持续生存和发展的保障体系,这也是解决失地农民问题的基础工程.     

农村土地征收问题及对策

分析了现行农村土地征收制度在理论和实践中存在的一些问题:农地征收目的合理性的界定不够明确;对农民的补偿标准偏低;补偿费用的分配不合理;农地征收程序不够完善政府角色错位;对被征地农民的救济程度不足.并提出了完善农村土地征收制度的相应对策,严格界定土地征收的"公共利益";合理确定征地补偿费;完善征地的程序;建立征地补偿和被安置农民安置的新机制.     

公共利益与征地利用初探

本文结合当前土地管理的实际情况,对现行征地制度的公共利益界定不明晰、征地范围过宽以及征地补偿不合理等问题进行分析,并认为这可能是土地投机等土地问题滋生的土壤,从而探讨了公共利益含义界定、征地范围划分以及公平的补偿问题.     

失地农民权益保护

中国农民问题的实质是土地问题,无论是民主革命时期,还是社会主义建设时期,均是如此.随着我国经济建设的不断发展,国家开始对城市周边的农村集体及农民个人的土地实施征用,造成了为数众多的农民失去了赖以生存的土地,形成了农地非农化、农民城市化的趋势,对失地农民主体资格的忽视和社会保障制度的不完善,引发了较为严重的农民失地问题.通过完善立法体系针对实地农民主体资格和社会保障制度的完善,建立长久有效的保障机制,是实地农民权益得到确切保障.     

浅淡房屋拆迁补偿

房屋拆迁从拆迁性质划分,可分为农村征地拆迁和城市房屋拆迁,从拆迁主体划分,房屋拆迁可分为政府拆迁和商业拆迁.近年来,农村征地拆迁和城市房屋拆迁工作虽取得良好的社会效果和经济效益,但还存在一些不容忽视的问题,每年都有一定数量的纠纷案件是南于房屋拆迁所导致的,在拆迁过程中,由于补偿安置意见难达成一致,一些拆迁户坚持"对抗"态度,最终导致拆迁矛盾激化升级.     

基于失地农民问题视角的政府职能网络构建

从政府对经济活动由不干预向强制干预转变、从强制干预经济活动转向放弃或减少干预、从对经济放弃干预或减少干预向适度干预迈进3个方面阐述了国外政府职能转变情况,探讨了国外政府在城镇化过程中的职能,具体体现在通过立法明确规定土地征用的主体、对象、目的及操作程序、核准公告、审批权限、补偿标准等.从以政治型政府调整为经济型政府、直接管理经济调整为间接管理经济、从经济型"全能型"政府调整为服务型"有限型"政府3个方面阐述了我国政府职能的调整状况;从开拓创新、合理利用土地补偿款和出台政策3个方面探讨了国内政府在失地农民市民化进程中的职能体现.针对我国失地农民市民化进程面临的问题,构建了满足失地农民需要的中央、区县、乡镇政府3级职能网络,并提出了相应的对策.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.