硅烷偶联剂改性聚硅氧烷乳液的合成及性能研究

以γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH 560)、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH 570)及八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)为原料,十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)阴离子乳化剂(又作催化剂)与烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)非离子乳化剂为复合乳化剂,通过乳液聚合反应合成了性能稳定的改性聚硅氧烷乳液。讨论了KH 560、KH 570及混合单体(KH 560/KH 570)用量对聚硅氧烷乳液粒径及性能的影响。结果表明:随着KH 560用量的增加,乳液粒径逐渐增大,而分布指数先减小后增大。随着KH570用量的增加,乳胶粒粒径先增大后减小,但是粒径分布变窄。两种改性单体同时加入所合成的乳液粒径更大。硅烷偶联剂改性聚硅氧烷乳液耐高温稳定性、耐低温稳定性、离心稳定性及稀释稳定性都良好。加入KH 560单体改性的聚硅氧烷乳液,其在环境温度下成膜效果较佳。     

提高烤瓷铝板光泽度的初步探讨

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以甲酸为催化剂,以不同粒径的硅溶胶作为主要成膜物质,以甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)和γ-(2,3环氧丙氧基)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)的混合物作为辅助成膜物质,制备了纳米无机陶瓷涂料,其在铝幕墙板上喷涂、固化后得到烤瓷铝板。分别研究了MTMS与KH560的配比以及硅溶胶的粒径对烤瓷铝板光泽度的影响。试验结果表明:配方中加入KH560后,烤瓷铝板的光泽从52%增加到69%,说明KH560能够有效提高陶瓷涂层的光泽。当配方中m(MTMS)∶m(KH560)在95∶5～90∶10范围时,烤瓷铝板的综合性能最优;使用小粒径的硅溶胶,可以更有效地提高陶瓷涂层的光泽度,考虑成本和涂层的综合性能,硅溶胶的粒径以20 nm左右为宜。     

三种硅烷偶联剂改性磷石膏在HDPE中的应用

使用三种硅烷偶联剂:3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)、3-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)、3-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)对磷石膏进行改性,将改性后磷石膏与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)熔融共混制备改性磷石膏/HDPE复合材料。利用红外光谱测试改性磷石膏红外特征吸收,分析改性剂结构对接触角、吸油值的影响,通过扫描电镜考察改性磷石膏在HDPE基体中分散情况,并测试材料的力学性能。结果表明,改性磷石膏填料到HDPE基体后的弯曲和拉伸强度得到明显提升;经具有疏水端且长烷基链的KH560和KH570改性后的磷石膏在吸油值、接触角和基体中分散性都优于链端为氨基的KH550。     

一种改性聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺的制备及应用

采用己-六醇对聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺(T154)进行改性,制备一种改性聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺沥青质分散剂,并应用于催化裂化油浆阻垢剂的制备。考察了改性温度、改性时间及物料质量比对沥青质分散效果的影响,阻垢剂对催化裂化油浆的阻垢效果。结果表明,当改性温度为240℃,改性时间为4 h,聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺与己-六醇的质量比为1∶1时,分散性能优于聚异丁烯丁二酰亚胺,产物具有优异的热稳定性;当阻垢剂的加入量为150μg/g时,阻垢率为91.3%。     

溶胶凝胶法制备甲基三甲氧基硅烷-γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷复合超疏水涂层

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)和γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)混合物为前驱体,通过溶胶凝胶法制备了MTMS-KH560复合超疏水涂层,研究了成分配比、溶剂用量、陈化时间和干燥温度对涂层疏水性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜和傅里叶红外光谱仪对复合超疏水涂层的形貌和表面化学性质进行了表征。结果表明:当V(KH560)∶V(MTMS)∶V(CH3OH)=1∶4∶50时,复合超疏水涂层的接触角达到153°,并且在100~250℃热处理温度范围内,涂层的疏水性能几乎保持不变。     

水处理阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸的改性研究

通过氨基甲基磷酸和聚琥珀酰亚胺的氨解反应对水处理阻垢剂聚天冬氨酸进行改性,合成了含膦酰基的聚天冬氨酸衍生物N-(2-膦酰基甲基)天冬酰胺酸/天冬氨酸共聚物,测试了其对碳酸钙和磷酸钙的阻垢性能以及对氧化铁的分散性能,并与聚天冬氨酸和常用水处理阻垢剂聚丙烯酸钠作了比较,结果显示在聚天冬氨酸分子结构中引入膦酰基团不同程度地提高了产物对各种沉积物的阻垢分散性能.     

复配阻垢剂对硫酸钡阻垢效果实验

采用钡离子络合滴定法,展开了不同类型的硫酸钡垢阻垢剂复配实验研究。阻垢剂DTPMPA和TM-5A按2∶1复配时,阻垢率为88. 4%;阻垢剂DTPMPA、TPA与TM-5A按3∶1∶1复配时,阻垢率为90. 31%。在上述两种复配比例下,考察了阻垢剂浓度、温度、矿化度、p H值4种因素对硫酸钡垢阻垢效果的影响。结果表明,两种复配阻垢剂的阻垢率曲线变化整体趋势相似:随复配阻垢剂浓度的增加阻垢率先增大再缓慢减小;随温度的增加阻垢率先增大再减小,75℃时阻垢效果最佳;随矿化度增加阻垢率先增大再小幅度减小;随p H值增加阻垢率先增大再减小,p H=7. 5时阻垢效果最佳。DTPMP、TPA与TM-5A按3∶1∶1复配时,阻垢率曲线起伏变化较大,复配阻垢剂稳定性较差; DTPMPA与TM-5A按2∶1复配时,各因素作用下阻垢效果均较为稳定,阻垢率达到88. 4%。     

复配阻垢剂对硫酸钡阻垢效果实验

采用钡离子络合滴定法,展开了不同类型的硫酸钡垢阻垢剂复配实验研究。阻垢剂DTPMPA和TM-5A按2∶1复配时,阻垢率为88. 4%;阻垢剂DTPMPA、TPA与TM-5A按3∶1∶1复配时,阻垢率为90. 31%。在上述两种复配比例下,考察了阻垢剂浓度、温度、矿化度、p H值4种因素对硫酸钡垢阻垢效果的影响。结果表明,两种复配阻垢剂的阻垢率曲线变化整体趋势相似:随复配阻垢剂浓度的增加阻垢率先增大再缓慢减小;随温度的增加阻垢率先增大再减小,75℃时阻垢效果最佳;随矿化度增加阻垢率先增大再小幅度减小;随p H值增加阻垢率先增大再减小,p H=7. 5时阻垢效果最佳。DTPMP、TPA与TM-5A按3∶1∶1复配时,阻垢率曲线起伏变化较大,复配阻垢剂稳定性较差; DTPMPA与TM-5A按2∶1复配时,各因素作用下阻垢效果均较为稳定,阻垢率达到88. 4%。     

石英粉表面处理对硅树脂复合材料性能的影响

分别以六甲基二硅氮烷(HMDS)、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH 570)、γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH 560)、正十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷(WD-10)为改性剂,对2种粒径的石英粉进行表面改性,然后用于制备硅树脂复合材料。研究了石英粉用量、配比和改性剂种类对硅树脂复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,随着石英粉用量的增加,硅树脂复合材料的螺旋流动长度减小,当325目与3000目石英粉按质量比1∶1复配时材料弯曲强度最高。HMDS、KH 570、KH 560改性石英粉制得的硅树脂复合材料相较于未改性弯曲强度有所提升,吸水率下降。WD-10改性石英粉制得的硅树脂复合材料吸水率大幅下降,降幅最大为42. 91%。硅烷改性降低了石英粉表面极性,硅烷改性石英粉制备的硅树脂复合材料体积电阻率均升高,升幅最大为50%。     

KH560@ZnO掺杂淀粉复合材料的制备及其抑菌特性

采用γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)改性水热法制备纳米ZnO,然后通过熔融共混方式将其掺入淀粉基底,获得KH560@ZnO淀粉复合材料,研究复合材料组成、微观形貌,分子构造、光电特性及相应作用规律,初步探索复合材料抑制大肠杆菌的效果.结果表明,纳米ZnO粉体形貌均一,具有较高的结晶度,平均粒径约85 nm,KH560对纳米ZnO的接枝率为10.09％.进一步将改性纳米ZnO与淀粉基底键合连接,复合材料基本维持晶型构造,采用KH560对纳米ZnO改性提高了纳米ZnO在淀粉中的分散程度及稳定性.随着KH560@ZnO含量的增加,复合材料光致发光强度、紫外屏蔽性能和抑制大肠杆菌的能力提升,但透光率呈下降趋势.KH560@ZnO在淀粉材料中掺杂量为10％(以淀粉质量为基准,下同)时,复合材料对大肠杆菌的抑菌率约95％.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.