赭曲霉毒素A检测方法的研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A, OTA)是一种具有极端毒性、污染广泛及危害严重的次级代谢产物。由于赭曲霉毒素A具有这些特点且食品安全问题越来越被人们广泛关注, 所以确定食品和商品中的OTA污染水平非常重要。目前对于OTA的检测, 已经建立了非常多的分析手段, 如薄层色谱法(thin layer chromatography, TLC)、高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)、酶联免疫技术(enzyme linked immunosorlent assay, ELISA)、时间分辨荧光免疫分析技术(time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay, TRFIA)等。本文综述了多种赭曲霉毒素A的检测分析方法, 简介了它们的优缺点及研究进展, 并进行了比较, 以期为食品中赭曲霉毒素A的检测研究提供一些参考。     

比色分析法在食品中赭曲霉毒素A中的应用研究

赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A,OTA)属于曲霉属与青霉属等其他有毒真菌共同生成的一类次级代谢产物,同时也是对食品造成污染的主要真菌毒素之一。赭曲霉毒素A有肾毒性、肝毒性的潜在危险,同时还具备神经毒性以及免疫毒性,具有致畸、致癌和致突变等危害。本文分析了比色分析法在食品中赭曲霉毒素检测中的应用,希望能够为同领域工作者提供合理借鉴作用。     

赭曲霉毒素A分析方法进展

赭曲霉毒素A(OchratoxinA,OTA)是曲霉属和青霉属的某些菌种产生的一种具有致癌、致畸、免疫抑制和肝肾毒性的有毒代谢产物,世界上许多国家已制定了食品中OTA的相关法规和标准,而准确、可靠、灵敏的分析OTA方法是法规标准实施的重要依据。有机溶剂与酸(或碳酸氢钠)的混合溶液是提取食品中OTA的常用溶剂系统;含有OTA提取液的净化手段包括液液分配、固相柱萃取和免疫亲和层析等;反相液相色谱配荧光检测器、酶联免疫吸附法和液相色谱质谱联机是分析OTA的常用方法,本文就OTA的检测方法进行综述。     

赭曲霉毒素A生成转化及致毒机制的研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A(Ochratoxin A,OTA)是由曲霉属(Aspergillus.sp)和青霉属(Penicillium.sp)真菌产生的一种次级代谢产物,它的生成受温度、水活度等的影响。检测食品及饲料中OTA含量的基本方法有薄层层析法、高效液相色谱法和酶联免疫吸附法。OTA因被认为与巴尔干半岛肾病有关而引起全球的关注,研究发现,OTA具有肾毒性、肝毒性、免疫毒性、基因毒性等,并且主要是通过促进膜的过氧化反应,抑制线粒体的呼吸作用和影响细胞信号传导通路中蛋白及关键因子的转录表达等来达到致毒效应。吸附、转化、降解是OTA脱毒的主要方式。本文就OTA的检测方法、生物合成、致毒机制和脱毒转化的相关研究进展进行了综述。      

葡萄赭曲霉毒素污染及其产毒素菌株的筛选方法研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin,OTA)是由曲霉属和青霉属等真菌产生的一类真菌毒素,其毒性很强,分布广泛,对人类和动植物的健康有着巨大的影响。葡萄及其制品是食品中OTA的主要来源之一,从病害的葡萄表面筛选分离产生赭曲霉毒素的菌株是最常用的研究产毒素菌株的方法。由于产毒素菌株主要分布在葡萄果实的表面,葡萄组织受损后会极大提高赭曲霉素的污染程度,研究产毒菌株分布及产毒素能力对控制赭曲霉素污染及寻找一种有效地生物防治方法提供参考。本文综述了葡萄赭曲霉毒素的污染情况及其产毒素菌株的筛选方法,为控制葡萄及其产品中的OTA污染提供依据。      

动物源性食品中赭曲霉毒素A污染概况及检测方法研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA)是一种由青霉属和曲霉属的真菌所产生的次级代谢产物,具有较强的肝毒性和肾毒性,并有致畸、致突变、致癌作用。赭曲霉毒素A极易造成饲料生产企业的饲料污染,这些产品被加工成为肉制品后,也会对人类造成危害。同时,不当的加工工艺和储存条件,还会造成香肠等肉制品受到赭曲霉毒素A污染。目前,国内缺少相关的国家标准检测方法,也没有动物源性食品中赭曲霉毒素A的判定依据,造成该领域的风险研究相对国外也比较匮乏。本文概述了动物源性食品赭曲霉毒素A污染状况,总结受污染的原因,介绍防控措施,并分析近年来针对不同类型动物源性食品的检测手段,以期为国内进行相关研究提供帮助。     

谷物类食品中赭曲霉毒素A分析方法的研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A是由真菌产生的次级代谢产物,由于其具有极强的肾脏毒性、致癌性、致畸性,且对食品污染的范围广泛,许多国家对其制定了严格的限量标准。目前对谷物中赭曲霉毒素A的检测方法主要有薄层色谱分析法、高效液相色谱法、酶联免疫吸附法、毛细管电泳法和胶体金试纸条法等。随着检测水平的提高,对食品中的赭曲霉毒素A限量标准的要求也在不断地提高。建立安全、准确、灵敏度高、重现性好的检测体系将成为今后研究的重点。     

果品及其制品中赭曲霉毒素A污染的发生、控制和检测

赭曲霉毒素A（ochratoxin A,OTA）是由赭曲霉、炭黑曲霉和青霉属等真菌产生的聚酮类次生代谢产物,广泛存在于果品及其制品中,特别是葡萄及其制品中检出率较高。由于OTA具有毒性强、可致癌且结构非常稳定、难以去除等特点,世界各国都制定了果品及其制品中OTA的限量。本文就OTA的生物合成、果品及其制品中OTA检测技术、OTA污染状况和控制策略分别进行阐述,并对其快速检测、绿色安全防控等方面进行展望,以期为OTA污染的高效分析和有效控制提供理论依据和指导。     

基于荧光传感器检测食品中赭曲霉毒素A的研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA)是曲霉菌属和青霉菌属产生的一种次级代谢产物,具有较强的肾毒性、肝毒性、神经毒性和免疫毒性.因其较为稳定的物理化学性质,使其在食品加工过程中难以被有效去除.OTA广泛存在于谷物、葡萄等多种食品原料及其制品中,严重威胁人体健康.近年来,光学传感器作为生命科学领域中的研究热点,...     

葡萄与葡萄酒中赭曲霉毒素A检测方法研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)是一种具有强烈致癌性的毒素,对人类和动植物的危害也最大,首次检测出存在于葡萄与葡萄酒中的OTA.赭曲霉毒素对农作物的污染比较严重,广泛存在于谷类、豆类、花生、香料、干果和咖啡豆中,在饮料(啤酒、葡萄酒和葡萄汁)中也已经检测到.葡萄与葡萄酒中OTA的检测方法有液相色谱一荧光检测法(HPLC-FD)、液相-质谱联用法(LC-MS-MS)、酶联免疫法(ELISA)和毛细管电泳一二极管阵列检测法(CE-DAD).(孙悟)     

赭曲霉毒素A的适配体筛选

目 的 筛选小麦和其他相关食品中常见的赭曲霉毒素A真菌毒素核酸适配体。方 法 采用固态靶标筛选策略和磁分离的筛选方法筛选赭曲霉毒素A的核酸适配体。结 果 获得的赭曲霉毒素A核酸适配体亲和力较高,解离常数为纳摩尔级;特异性好,与赭曲霉毒素A结构相似性化合物如赭曲霉毒素B、N-乙酰苯丙氨酸或华法令不结合或结合力非常弱。结 论 本文采用固态靶标筛选策略和磁分离的SELEX筛选方法获得了赭曲霉毒素A的高特异性,高亲和力核酸适配体,有望在农产品质量安全领域替代传统抗体开发真菌毒素快速检测传感器或制备固相亲和柱。     

Simultaneous determination of ochratoxin A, B and citrinin in foods by HPLC-FL and LC/MS/MS

Methods using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FL) and using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) were developed for simultaneous determination of ochratoxin A (OTA), ochratoxin B (OTB) and citrinin (CIT) in cereal, fruit, and coffee products. The samples were extracted with ethyl acetate under an acidic condition, and then cleaned up with liquid-liquid separation. The test solutions were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC-FL and LC/MS/MS. Mass spectral acquisition was performed in positive ion mode by applying multiple reaction monitoring. The performances of both detectors were almost equivalent. The recoveries of OTA and OTB were 87-111%, and that of CIT were 70-88%. The limits of quantification (S/N> or =10) of OTA, OTB and CIT was 0.1 mug/kg or less. These methods were considered to be useful for the determination of the three mycotoxins at low levels (0.1 microg/kg).     

赭曲霉毒素A的研究进展

赭曲霉毒素A主要由赭曲霉和青霉属的某些菌株产生,广泛分布于谷物、其他植物性食品及相关产品和动物性食品,对动物和人体具有肾脏毒性、肝脏毒性,另外还有致畸、致突变和致癌作用,并有免疫抑制作用.随着对其研究的不断深入,现在愈来愈受到人们的关注,本文就赭曲霉毒素A对食品的污染、毒性、检测方法等方面进行综述.     

Natural occurrence of ochratoxin A in wolfberry fruit wine marketed in China

Wolfberry fruit wine (WFW) is widely used as a global functional food to improve the immune system and prevent human disease. A total of 36 bottled WFWs were randomly collected in China between 2005 and 2010. Samples were analysed for the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) using immunoaffinity column (IAC) clean-up and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). Positive results were confirmed by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The limit of detection (LOD), based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, was 0.05?ng?mL^–1. Recoveries ranged from 78.3% to 94.7% and relative standard deviations from 1.1% to 4.3% within the spiking range of 0.2–20?ng?mL^–1. OTA was detected in one sample, below the maximum allowable limit as established by the European community.     

High levels of ochratoxin A in licorice and derived products

The ochratoxin A (OTA) content of 30 samples of licorice root and derived products (licorice-confectionery, licorice block, and licorice extract) was analyzed by a standard HPLC-fluorescence technique and confirmed by methyl-ester formation. All analyzed samples of licorice and derived products were found to contain ochratoxin A, and some of them showed extremely high concentrations up to 252.8 ng/g of OTA. Highest levels of ochratoxin A were found in dry licorice root, averaging 63.6 ng/g, while mean contents in fresh licorice root were 9.2 ng/g. Licorice-confectionery (sweets) contained 3.8 ng/g of OTA. Ochratoxin A was also abundant in two licorice derivatives, liquid licorice extract (16.0 ng/g) and solid licorice block (39.5 ng/g). The ochratoxin levels found in licorice and derived products are higher than those reported in the literature for other food commodities. The experiments of OTA transfer into the tea beverages showed that almost 5% of the OTA present in dry licorice root is transferred to the corresponding decoction tea, whereas only 1% of OTA remains in infusion tea. The significance of the levels of ochratoxin A in licorice and its derivatives is discussed in the context of existing data on ochratoxin contamination in foods.     

Study on ochratoxin A in cereal-derived products from Spain

A study on ochratoxin A (OTA) in cereal-derived products was carried out. Cereal-based baby foods, breakfast cereals and beers were analyzed for mycotoxin OTA using an in-house developed high-performance liquid-chromatographic method.OTA was detected in 19 of the 21 samples of breakfast cereals (limit of detection 0.066 μg/kg), in 14 of the 20 samples of cereal-based baby foods (limit of detection 0.035 μg/kg) and in 24 of the 31 samples of beer (limit of detection 0.012 μg/l). The mean concentrations of OTA found were the following: 0.265 μg/kg in breakfast cereals, 0.187 μg/kg in cereal-based baby food and 0.044 μg/l in beer. The influence of different factors, such as the fibre content in breakfast cereals, type of cereals used in cereal-based baby food and alcohol content in beer, on the OTA levels was studied.     

Occurrence of ochratoxin A in cocoa beans: Effect of shelling

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the shelling process on the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA) in cocoa samples. Twenty-two cocoa samples were analysed for the determination of OTA before (cocoa bean) and after undergoing manual shelling process (cocoa nib). In order to determine OTA contamination in cocoa samples, a validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with fluorescence detection was used for the quantitative analysis of ochratoxin A (OTA). In both types of samples, OTA was extracted with methanol-3% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and then purified using immunoaffinity columns prior to HPLC analysis. Due to the fact that different recovery values were obtained for OTA from both types of samples, a revalidation of the method in the case of cocoa nibs was needed. Revalidation was based on the following criteria: Selectivity, limits of detection and quantification (0.03 and 0.1 µg kg^-1, respectively), precision (within-day and between-day variability) and recovery 84.2% (RSD = 7.1%), and uncertainty (30%). Fourteen of the twenty-two cocoa bean samples (64%) suffered a loss of OTA of more than 95% due to shelling, six samples suffered a loss of OTA in the range 65-95%, and only one sample presented a reduction of less than 50%. The principal conclusion derived from this study is that OTA contamination in cocoa beans is concentrated in the shell; therefore, improvements of the industrial shelling process could prevent OTA occurrence in cocoa final products.