国家军用标准《航空操纵用钢丝绳规范》的制定

分析了国内用于航空领域的钢丝绳产品标准现状,介绍了起草制定国家军用标准《航空操纵用钢丝绳规范》的必要性、可行性以及标准的主要编制内容和与现有标准的区别。指出现行行业标准生产的产品远远满足不了目前为武器装备科研生产配套所需钢丝绳产品的结构规格、强度、韧性(扭转和弯曲)、疲劳寿命以及伸长率等性能指标的要求。新标准将目前为军工航空领域配套的产品结构规格均纳入到《航空操纵用钢丝绳规范》军用标准中,也整合了有关产品的技术协议和企业内部标准等内容,可以最大限度地满足航空领域军工装备产品的需求。     

Spirituality "importance for care"

The causes of red eye range from trivial to life-threatening, and many general practitioners are uncertain of their ability to diagnose them with the aid of an ophthalmoscope. We tested the hypothesis that, in the assessment of a patient with red eye, a doctor using a slit lamp biomicroscope would not differ in diagnostic accuracy from a doctor using a direct ophthalmoscope. A cross-over study was conducted in 98 patients newly attending an eye casualty department. 71% of diagnoses agreed exactly, and all potentially sight-threatening lesions were either diagnosed correctly or managed appropriately by doctors using an ophthalmoscope. We conclude that the initial diagnosis and management of patients with an acute red eye is not prejudiced by the lack of a slit lamp biomicroscope.     

HEDIS for the primary care provider: getting an "A" on the managed care report card

In 1999, quality in primary care will be measured more closely than ever before. Quality will not only be measured--but also reported-- and reported in a form that consumers can use to compare health plans. A health plan's accreditation will depend on its performance on a series of 14 performance measures, referred to as the Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set, Version 3.0 (HEDIS 3.0), which the National Committee for Quality Assurance, an organization that accredits health plans, has developed, quantified, refined, and publicized. This article introduces the primary care clinician to HEDIS quality measures and recommends tools clinicians can use to score well in performance evaluations.     

"权利本位"理念下的教师专业自主权特征解析

权利不仅是一个价值范畴,还是一个关系范畴,教师专业自主权的享有和行使状况受权利、义务、权力三者关系的影响."权利本位"理念下的教师专业自主权强调权利与义务的统合性、权利与权利的平等性和权利对权力的优先性.随着"权利本位"理念在我国的兴起和提倡,教师专业自主权会从应有权利和法律权利走向实有权利,落实到教师的日常工作中,成为教师实实在在的权利.     

"Communitarian claims" as an ethical basis for allocating health care resources

This paper presents the case for re-examining the most commonly adopted basis of resource allocation in health care, i.e. need. The key problems identified with most needs approaches are (a) defining its precise meaning, (b) that the community is seldom consulted as to first what constitute needs for health care or second what relative weights are to be attached to health gains aimed at addressing different needs and (c) more generally, proceeding without knowing what the community wants the objectives of health care to be. It is suggested that John Broome's notion of "claims", especially what this paper calls "communitarian claims", may be helpful in providing a better basis for allocating health care resources. Such "communitarian claims" allow inter alia for the community to be involved in setting the social choice rules with respect to the governance of health care and for determining what it is that it (the community) wants from its health service. The links to rights are also identified and the advantages of communitarian claims over both a simple concept of need and rights are set out, without arguing that either needs (or rights) ought necessarily to be abandoned as bases for resource allocation in health care.     

"Cancer patients and health care professionals perceptions of the need for oral health education"

Reported studies indicated a need for oral health education for oncology patients. In a recent study it was concluded that septicaemia in immunosuppressed patients was attributed to an oral source in 25-50% of cases (Oral surg Jrnl 1992). "Increased susceptibility to infection accompanies both the cancer disease and treatment. The mouth provides a pool of opportunistic infection which may lead to life-threatening systemic infection in individuals whose immune system is already compromised by disease and/or treatment" (Griffiths and Boyle 1992).     

《优质碳素结构钢热轧钢带》08版国家标准解读

简要介绍了2008版《优质碳素结构钢热轧钢带》国家标准的修订原则及主要变化,同时对相关原因及背景进行了说明。     

An alternative to managed care: a "guild" model for the independent practice of psychotherapy

As health care is reconfigured by HMOs and managed care organizations, family therapists often have to decide whether or not to cooperate with the new power structures and their ways of doing things. The chief concern of many therapists is the ethical bind created when the managed care organization demands breaches of confidentiality or makes decisions about the course of treatment that may not, in the therapist's opinion, be in the best interest of the family. Associations of independent, nonmanaged care psychotherapists are springing up in response to these dilemmas. This paper describes the philosophical evolution and organizational development of one such association.     

Continuous "high flux" dialysis: an effective renal replacement therapy for intensive care patients

Currently available replacement therapies for the treatment of acute renal failure are reviewed. Particular interest is focused on their application in intensive care, especially in septic patients. Underlying principles and mechanisms of action are explained. The continuous "High flux-dialysis" is shown to be a particularly effective form of renal replacement therapy.     

地方标准《建筑工程应用500MPa热轧带肋钢筋技术规程》综述

为了加快建筑工程应用500 MPa热轧带肋钢筋,获得节省钢筋、节约资源、方便施工、安全抗震等综合效益,昆钢组织研究制订了《建筑工程应用500 MPa热轧带肋钢筋技术规程》地方标准。     

"A tapestry of care, knowledge, relationship and trust"

Pressure has been used since the early 1970s by burn care provides to help minimize the formation of hypertrophic scars. Although the exact mechanism of action is unknown, pressure appears clinically to enhance the scar maturation process. Bandages that can be wrapped and unwrapped or are made of a soft material are used in early scar management. Custom-made pressure garments generally are used for definitive scar management. Inserts are placed in concavities to aid in compression. Whatever intervention is used for scar management, patient and family should be educated about the realistic, potential outcome.