Ti–6Al–4V particle reinforced magnesium matrix composite by powder metallurgy

A novel Ti–6Al–4V particle (TCp) reinforced MB15 magnesium matrix composite, TCp/MB15, was fabricated using powder metallurgy route. Microstructural characterization revealed that a uniform distribution of TCp, good interfacial bond between TCp and the matrix, and a smaller grain-size compared to the unreinforced MB15 were achieved in the composite. Mechanical properties investigation showed the ultimate tensile strength, 0.2% yield strength and elastic modulus of MB15 were markedly increased by the addition of TCp, and the strengthening effect of TCp was better than that of SiC particles. The primary aim of this work was to compare the microstructural and mechanical properties of TCp/MB15 with those of MB15 alloy.     

Improvement of the bonding interface in hybrid fiber/particle preform reinforced Al matrix composite

The bonding interface between the reinforcement and the matrix alloy in hybrid AZS fiber/SiC particle preform based aluminum metal matrix composites (Al MMCs) has been investigated as a function of reinforced particle size and the binder content. It is observed that high binder and large particle will result in a poor bonding interface. This has deleterious effects on the mechanical properties of the cast MMCs. Estimation of the binder thickness indicates that there exists a critical particle size above which the particles are not appropriate to be used in fabricating the hybrid fiber/particle preform based MMCs.     

Effects of anomalies on fracture processes of graphite fiber reinforced aluminum composite

To determine the effects of anomalies on fracture processes of graphite fiber reinforced aluminum composite (Gr_f/Al), unidirectional Gr_f/Al specimens embedded with inclusions and aluminum-rich areas (Al-rich) were chosen for bending test. Fracture processes and fracture surfaces of anomaly-embedded specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy in situ observation. The micromechanisms of fracture process are as following: interface layer between inclusions and composite is fractured by stress concentration in front of crack tip, and cracks connect voids in inclusions, resulting in failure of inclusion-embedded specimens immediately. However, Al-rich eases stress concentration in bending specimens and crack is blunted by Al-rich/composite interface debonding and friction during fracture process.     

颗粒增强2024Al复合材料的微屈服性能研究

为了明确亚微米颗粒增强铝基复合材料微塑性变形行为的规律和机制，利用微屈服强度测试和透射电镜分析，研究了亚微米级Al2O3颗粒增强2024Al复合材料的微屈服性能及尺寸稳定化热处理工艺对微屈服性能的影响。研究结果表明：复合材料的显微组织在稳定化热处理前后均呈现位错稀少的特点，有助于材料微屈服强度的提高；复合材料中尺寸细小，密集分布的S′相和亚微米颗粒本身对位错运动的有效阻碍也能改善材料的微屈服强度；时效后采用不同的冷热循环处理工艺，使得复合材料基体中S′相的尺寸和分布都发生一定的改变，进而呈现出不同的微屈服性能。     

(Al2O3-SiO2f+Grp)/ZL109混杂增强复合材料的抗咬合性能

为提高ZL109合金的耐磨损性能,用挤压铸造法制备了硅酸铝短纤维(Al2O3-SiO2f)和石墨颗粒(Grp)混杂增强ZL109复合材料.采用SRV摩擦磨损试验机研究了石墨颗粒含量和运动频率对该混杂复合材料的抗咬合性能的影响.结果表明:单一20%Al2O3-SiO2f增强复合材料的咬合载荷较基体合金有大幅度提高,混杂Grp后复合材料的咬合载荷进一步提高,且其含量为5%～8%时咬合载荷最大;复合材料的抗咬合性能比基体合金提高2倍以上,运动频率越高,提高幅度越大,当运动频率为100 Hz时,经20%Al2O3-SiO2f 5%Grp混杂增强的复合材料其抗咬合性能的提高幅度最高达12倍.Al2O3-SiO2f和Grp混杂增强可以显著改善ZL109合金的抗咬合性能.     

长玻纤增强ABS复合材料的性能研究

采用原位聚合方法制备长玻纤增强ABS复合材料 ,并将其与传统工艺的短玻纤增强ABS作了比较。结果表明 ,采用新工艺 ,可以达到比传统工艺更好的增强效果。并研究了玻璃纤维含量对复合材料性能的影响     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and interface of SiC particle reinforced 2124 Al matrix composite

The microstructure and interface between metal matrix and ceramic reinforcement of a composite play an important role in improving its properties. In the present investigation, the interface and intermetallic compound present in the samples were characterized to understand structural stability at an elevated temperature. Aluminum based 2124 alloy with 10 wt.% silicon carbide (SiC) particle reinforced composite was prepared through vortex method and the solid ingot was deformed by hot rolling for better particle distribution. Heat treatment of the composite was carried out at 575 °C with varying holding time from 1 to 48 h followed by water quenching. In this study, the microstructure and interface of the SiC particle reinforced Al based composites have been studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) associated with wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to identify the precipitate and intermetallic phases that are formed during heat treatment. The SiC particles are uniformly distributed in the aluminum matrix. The microstructure analyses of Al–SiC composite after heat treatment reveal that a wide range of dispersed phases are formed at grain boundary and surrounding the SiC particles. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and wavelength dispersive spectroscopy analyses confirm that finely dispersed phases are CuAl₂ and CuMgAl₂ intermetallic and large spherical phases are Fe₂SiAl₈ or Al₁₅(Fe,Mn)₃Si. It is also observed that a continuous layer enriched with Cu and Mg of thickness 50–80 nm is formed at the interface in between Al and SiC particles. EDS analysis also confirms that Cu and Mg are segregated at the interface of the composite while no carbide is identified at the interface.     

Effect of re-melting on particle distribution and interface formation in SiC reinforced 2124Al matrix composite

The interface between metal matrix and ceramic reinforcement particles plays an important role in improving properties of the metal matrix composites. Hence, it is important to find out the interface structure of composite after re-melting. In the present investigation, the 2124Al matrix with 10 wt.% SiC particle reinforced composite was re-melted at 800 °C and 900 °C for 10 min followed by pouring into a permanent mould. The microstructures reveal that the SiC particles are distributed throughout the Al-matrix. The volume fraction of SiC particles varies from top to bottom of the composite plate and the difference increases with the decrease of re-melting temperature. The interfacial structure of re-melted 2124Al–10 wt.%SiC composite was investigated using scanning electron microscopy, an electron probe micro-analyzer, a scanning transmission electron detector fitted with scanning electron microscopy and an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer. It is found that a thick layer of reaction product is formed at the interface of composite after re-melting. The experimental results show that the reaction products at the interface are associated with high concentration of Cu, Mg, Si and C. At re-melting temperature, liquid Al reacts with SiC to form Al₄C₃ and Al–Si eutectic phase or elemental Si at the interface. High concentration of Si at the interface indicates that SiC is dissociated during re-melting. The X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer analyses confirm that Mg- and Cu-enrich phases are formed at the interface region. The Mg is segregated at the interface region and formed MgAl₂O₄ in the presence of oxygen. The several elements identified at the interface region indicate that different types of interfaces are formed in between Al matrix and SiC particles. The Al–Si eutectic phase is formed around SiC particles during re-melting which restricts the SiC dissolution.     

碳纤维增强木材复合材料

碳纤维增强木材复合材料(CFRW)是新一代建筑材料、修补材料和装饰材料之一。在土木工程建筑、旧建筑的加固修补等方面得到广泛应用。CFRW不仅可提高材料的抗拉强度、压缩强度等,而且还赋予木材防菌防蚁、防水防腐、导电和电磁波屏蔽等新的功能。同时,可综合利用破碎木材及边角料,通过复合使其变废为宝。本文主要论述CFRW的制造、性质及其应用。     

Study on Ti fiber reinforced TiAl<Subscript>3</Subscript> composite by infiltration-in situ reaction

This study is concerned with investigation of forming Ti fiber reinforced TiAl₃ composite by infiltration-in situ reaction. The as-cast material was obtained by pressing molten pure Al into a preform which was composed of Ti particles and Ti fibers. Based on the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) result, in situ reaction samples were obtained by heating as-cast materials to 660, 950, and 1300 °C, and held for 1 h, respectively. The microstructure evolution of in situ reaction samples was analyzed by scanning electron microscope and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). In addition, the phase composition of products was inspected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Experiment results show that TiAl₃ was formed initially, which was the unique product between Ti and Al. While at high temperature, products of Ti fibers and Al were complex, and Ti _x Al_1−x (0.25 < x < 0.75) compounds were formed around Ti fibers. Finally, TiAl₃ decomposed, and oxidation occurred. The mechanism of in situ reaction between Ti and Al in this system was discussed.     

玄武岩纤维增强木塑复合材料的拉伸和熔融性能

探讨了用3mm的短切玄武岩纤维(BF)增强木塑(WPC)复合材料(BF-WPC)时,BF含量与BF-WPC拉伸性能及熔体流动性能之间的关系。结果表明,通过控制BF含量可有效改善BF-WPC的相关性能:与WPC相比,BF的含量为15%~25%区间时,BF-WPC的拉伸强度提高了近30%、但断裂伸长率略有下降;熔体流动性能随着BF含量的增加呈下降趋势,在BF含量达到15%之前下降较快,之后变化缓慢。     

Micro-yield property of sub-micron Al2O3 particle reinforced 2024 aluminum matrix composite

The microstructure and micro-yield strength of sub-micron Al₂O₃ particle reinforced 2024Al composites and the effect of the thermal-cold cycling treatment on the microstructure and properties were studied. The results show that the dislocations are rare in the microstructure of the sub-micron Al₂O_3p/2024Al composite in the squeeze casting condition. Aging and thermal-cold cycling treatment does not change this phenomenon. The Al₂O₃ particles are fine, so the thermal misfit between particles and the matrix is very small during the temperature change, resulting in decreased dislocations. The tiny and uniformly dispersed S′ precipitates and sub-micron particles can effectively pin dislocations, therefore, the micro-yield strength of the composite increases. Depending on the condition of the thermal-cold cycling treatment after aging, both the size and distribution of the S′ precipitates in the composite change, and they have great effect on the micro-yield strength of the composite.     

Fabrication of 5052Al/Al2O3 nanoceramic particle reinforced composite via friction stir processing route

In this research, microstructure and mechanical properties of 5052Al/Al₂O₃ surface composite fabricated by friction stir processing (FSP) and effect of different FSP pass on these properties were investigated. Two series of samples with and without powder were friction stir processed by one to four passes. Tensile test was used to evaluate mechanical properties of the composites and FSP zones. Also, microstructural observations were carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopes. Results showed that grain size of the stir zone decreased with increasing of FSP pass and the composite fabricated by four passes had submicron mean grain size. Also, increase in the FSP pass caused uniform distribution of Al₂O₃ particles in the matrix and fabrication of nano-composite after four passes with mean cluster size of 70 nm. Tensile test results indicated that tensile and yield strengths were higher and elongation was lower for composites fabricated by three and four passes in comparison to the friction stir processed materials produced without powder in the similar conditions and all FSP samples had higher elongation than base metal. In the best conditions, tensile strength and elongation of base material improved to 118% and 165% in composite fabricated by four passes respectively.     

Al2O3短纤维/M124F复合材料的凝固组织

采用挤压铸造法制备了Al2O3短纤维增强M124F铝合金复合材料,并研究了其拉伸强度、基体凝固组织和界面。结果表明:用挤压铸造法制备的复合材料组织致密,纤维分布均匀,抗拉强度与M124F相比明显提高;基体组织的α-Al枝晶和Si相明显细化。分析表明,纤维的加入具有双重增强作用:高强度陶瓷纤维的介入增强了基体材料的力学性能;在凝固过程中,Al2O3短纤维阻碍了α-Al枝晶的生长,同时可作为Si相非自发形核的衬底,细化了基体组织,提高了复合材料的力学性能。纤维与基体间未发现界面生成物MgAl2O4。     

Carbon fiber reinforced hafnium carbide composite

Hafnium carbide is proposed as a structural material for aerospace applications at ultra high temperatures. The chemical vapor deposition technique was used as a method to produce monolithic hafnium carbide (HfC) and tantalum carbide (TaC). The microstructure of HfC and TaC were studied using analytical techniques. The addition of tantalum carbide (TaC) in the HfC matrix was studied to improve the microstructure. The microstructure of HfC, TaC and co-deposited hafnium carbide-tantalum carbide (HfC/TaC) were comparable and consisted of large columnar grains. Two major problems associated with HfC, TaC, and HfC/TaC as a monolithic are lack of damage tolerance (toughness) and insufficient strength at very high temperatures. A carbon fiber reinforced HfC matrix composite has been developed to promote graceful failure using a pyrolytic graphite interface between the reinforcement and the matrix. The advantages of using carbon fiber reinforcement with a pyrolytic graphite interface are reflected in superior strain capability reaching up to 2%. The tensile strength of the composite was 26 MPa and needs further improvement. Heat treatment of the composite showed that HfC did not undergo any phase transformations and that the phases comprising composite were are thermochemically compatible.     

Experimental testing of thick-walled graphite fiber composite rings

Test results are presented from pressurizing thick-walled, hoop-wound graphite fiber composite rings to very high internal radial pressures. Hydraulic pressures exceeding 275 MPa (40 000 psi) were obtained. The testing was performed on rings wound with two different resins: a cyanate ester and a bismaleimide (BMI) resin. To prevent axial delaminations at these high pressures, a thin bi-directional G11 cloth lining was used inside the rings. The rings were monitored with strain gages and acoustic probes as the pressure was applied. Flaw-free cyanate ester rings survived the testing, indicating that the nominal transverse (radial) compressive strength of hoop-wound rings is higher than 275 MPa (40 000 psi).     

Dynamic fracture of unidirectional graphite fiber composite strips

An approximate equation of motion is derived and is used in the analysis of a dynamically propagating crack in a highly orthotropic fiber composite infinite strip subjected to constant displacement Mode I loading. With the use of Fourier transforms, the problem is reduced to an equation which is solved by the Wiener-Hopf technique. The dynamic stress intensity factor is derived and is expressed as the product of a velocity correction factor and a static stress intensity factor. The corresponding dynamic energy release rate is derived also and it is found not to be explicitly dependent upon the crack-tip velocity. It is found experimentally that the long strip configuration subjected to constant extensional displacement can simulate constant crack propagation velocities. Accordingly, the model's dynamic energy release rate is used to determine the dynamic fracture energy (toughness) of 90° Hercules AS/3501-6 graphite epoxy composites.

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Résumé On déduit une équation approximative de mouvement et on l'utilise dans l'analyse d'une fissure se propageant de manière dynamique dans une bande infinie en fibres composites à haute orthotropicité sujette à une mise en charge de mode I à déplacement constant. En utilisant les transformées de Fourier, on ramène le problème à une équation qui est solutionable par la technique de Wiener-Hopf. Le facteur d'intensité de contrainte dynamique en est déduit et est exprimé comme le produit d'un facteur de correction de vitesse et d'un facteur d'intensité de contrainte statique. Le taux de relaxation d'énergie dynamique correspondante est également déduit et l'on trouve qu'il n'est pas explicitement dépendant de la vélocité à la pointe de la fissure. On trouve par voie expérimentale que la configuration d'une bande longue soumis à des déplacements constants en traction permet de simuler des vitesses de propagation constante. Dès lors, on utilise le taux de relaxation d'énergie dynamique du modèle à la détermination de l'énergie de rupture dynamique ou ténacité des composites époxygraphites 90° Hercules AS/3501-6.

     

Prediction of dynamic recrystallization condition by deformation efficiency for Al 2024 composite reinforced with SiC particle

Hot torsion test has been carried out for Al 2024 composite reinforced with 8 m SiCp (15 vol.%) to suggest optimum hot working condition for dynamic recrystallization (DRX) at the temperature range of 320 to 520 °C and strain rate range of 0.1 to 3.0/sec. Flow curve and deformed microstructure have been analyzed to identify the hot restoration mechanism of DRX. Processing map showing the variation of the deformation efficiency expressed by [2m/(m + 1)], where m is the strain rate sensitivity, with temperature and strain rate has been described for the composite. The characteristics of domain of DRX and peak efficiency of the composite have been analyzed by observing deformed microstructure. The composite showed 40–50% efficiency at the DRX domain (370–460 °C, 0.1–0.5/sec). Also, the variation of deformation efficiency with Zener-Hollomon parameter (Z = exp(Q/RT)) were discussed to find out optimum hot working condition for DRX of the composite. It is found that the optimum temperature and strain rate condition for DRX of the composite is 430–450 °C and 0.5/sec.     

玄武岩纤维增强酚醛树脂复合材料热分解动力学研究

通过热重法研究了玄武岩纤维/S-157酚醛树脂复合材料(BF/S-157)在惰性气氛下的热稳定性,计算了该材料的热分解动力学参数,推断出其热分解反应机制及非等温动力学机理函数。Ozawa法、Kissinger法计算得到BF/S157热分解平均活化能分别为228.4kJ.mol-1和230.0kJ.mol-1;Coats-Redfern法分析表明,BF/S157热分解反应初期的反应机制为扩散反应,末期时为化学反应,期间为过渡阶段。