基于DSP的开关磁阻电机调速系统设计

以四相8/6极、5.5 kW开关磁阻电机为研究对象,以TMS320F240型DSP为控制器核心,采用最少开关器件的功率变换器主电路,主功率开关器件选用IGBT,设计了一种结构简单、性能可靠的开关磁阻电机调速系统。实验表明该系统运行稳定可靠,调速性能优良。     

Nonlinear control of interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor

This paper presents a novel speed control technique for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive based on newly developed adaptive backstepping technique. The proposed stabilizing feedback law for the IPMSM drive is shown to be globally asymptotically stable in the context of Lyapunov theory. The adaptive backstepping technique takes system nonlinearities into account in the control system design stage. The detailed derivations of the control laws have been given for controller design. The complete IPMSM drive incorporating the proposed backstepping control technique has been successfully implemented in real-time using digital signal processor board DS1102 for a laboratory 1-hp motor. The performance of the proposed drive is investigated both in experiment and simulation at different operating conditions. It is found that the proposed control technique provides a good speed tracking performance for the IPMSM drive ensuring the global stability.     

Adaptive-backstepping-based design of a nonlinear position controller for an IPMSM servo drive

This paper presents the design of a novel nonlinear position controller for an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) servo drive. The motor model equations provide the basis for the proposed controller, which is designed with the adaptive backstepping technique. Various system uncertainties, particularly mechanical-parameter uncertainties, are incorporated in the design of the controller. Using Lyapunov's stability theory, it is verified that the control variables are asymptotically stable. The complete drive system is then simulated with MATLAB/Simulink software. Performance of the proposed adaptive-backstepping-based nonlinear position controller (ABNPC) is investigated under different dynamic operating conditions such as step changes in command positions, step changes in load, and parameter variations. The results indicate that the proposed ABNPC-based IPMSM drive could be a candidate for real-time industrial servo motor drive applications.     

A digital signal processor based robust integral-proportional controller for an induction motor servo drive

A digital signal processor (DSP) based computer controlled indirect field oriented induction motor servo drive with robust control characteristics is proposed in this paper. First, the DSP based induction motor servo drive is implemented and the dynamic model of the system at the nominal condition is identified by a curve fitting technique. Based on this model, an integral-proportional controller is quantitatively designed to match the prescribed position tracking specifications. Then a simple robust controller is designed and augmented to reduce the performance degradation due to uncertainties.     

Load-Commutated Inverter/Synchronous Motor Drive Without a Shaft Position Sensor

Synchronous motor drives are beginning to enjoy renewed popularity for certain applications such as flywheel energy storage. One of the reasons is that a synchronous motor drive can be made self-commutating so that the inverter becomes equivalent to a conventional phase-control bridge converter without large commutating components. The drive to be controlled consists of an inductor alternator coupled to a flywheel that will be used for temporary energy storage. The flywheel speed will vary over a two-to-one range; thus full performance can be achieved using a load-commutated inverter. A simple auxiliary commutating circuit is provided only for initial starting. The drive must operate both from a fixed dc voltage source (battery) and from a variable dc voltage source (dc motor), as it is intended for use in a battery-powered vehicle for load leveling. The load-Commutated inverter consists of two bridges connected in parallel so as to provide two-way power flow by reversing the dc current. The control system described does not use shaft position sensing, but senses the motor terminal voltage and the ac line current to determine the motor Nare internal operating conditions. This control method maintains the silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) turn-off time as a constant percentage of the period of the generated back electromotive force (EMF) as speed and current are varied during operation. The inverter turn-off time is thus maintained by feedback control rather than the use of special function generators. A 20-kVA laboratory development drive system has been built and successfully tested using this control strategy.     

A Generalized Method of Computer Simulation for Induction Motors with Stator Current Discontinuities and its Application to a Cycloconverter-Fed Drive

A digital computer method of analyzing a complex variable-frequency drive system comprising a three-phase induction motor and a phase-controlled thyristor cycloconverter is presented. A generalized set of performance equations in d-q axes representation is first developed for the induction motor with thyristor switchings in the source taking into account the discontinuities in the stator current possible due to opening of stator phases. Logic variables are used to represent thyristor switches, and the induction motor model thus developed is then combined with a phase-controlled cycloconverter model developed earlier for noncirculating current mode of operation. The combined model is then used in a digital computer program to obtain dynamic and steady-state performance of the system. Typical computed steady-state current waveforms using step-by-step integration method are then compared with the measured waveforms obtained on an experimental setup to check the validity of the analytical approach. The technique used is quite general and can be adopted for analyzing any other thyristor converter-induction motor system.     

Online Parameter-Estimation-Based Speed Control of PM AC Motor Drive in Flux-Weakening Region

This paper presents an online parameter-estimation-based high-speed control of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drive. The controller designed from standard linear $d{-}q$ axis motor model with constant parameters will lead to an unsatisfactory prediction of the performance of an IPMSM owing to the magnetic saturation of this motor, particularly, at high-speed conditions. In this paper, an adaptive backstepping-based control technique has been developed for an IPMSM, wherein system parameter variations, as well as field control, will be taken into account at the design stage of the controller. The operating speed limit of the motor is expanded with the proposed parameter-estimation-based field control (PEFC). The complete drive is successfully implemented in real time for a laboratory 1-hp motor using digital signal processor board DS1102. The performance of the proposed drive is tested both in simulation and experiment at different operating conditions. A performance comparison of the proposed PEFC with the constant-parameter-based field control is also provided. The robustness of the controller for high-speed applications is evidenced by the results.      

Induction motor drives for domestic appliances

The three-phase induction motor has been adopted for the drive described in this article. The target performance of the drive is based on the requirements for a commercial front-loading washing machine, with a load capacity of 11 lbs., which has an inner drum size of 460 mm. The production washing machine uses a universal motor drive, fed with AC from a phase-controlled triac. The motor rotates the drum through a belt drive, and the pulley ratio is 15:1. The aim is to design the induction motor drive to meet the torque speed needs. The base speed range is 1:14.5 for a wash speed of 55 r/min and a spin speed of 800 r/min. Increased spin speeds are desirable, requiring an extended speed range. Also, a slower “gentle wash” speed may be used. By applying variable frequency, variable voltage with slip control these requirements can be met by a high-speed induction motor operating with a suitable pulley ratio. The experimental drive comprises a high-speed three-phase induction motor fed by an inverter     

异步电动机低速时无速度传感器控制的一种新方案

介绍了一种新的简单的用于高性能异步电动机控制的定子电阻估算方法.利用旋转坐标沿定子电流矢量方向定向,可使定子电阻直接从异步电动机的数学模型中获得.通过电机在低速范围的运行,用无速度传感器直接磁场定向控制系统来检测提出的方法.控制系统用了两个观测器:一个是用于估计转子磁链的卡尔曼滤波观测器,另一个是用于辨识速度的模型参考自适应观测器.仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性.     

Single-stage power-factor-corrected converter for switched reluctance motor drive

A new single-stage power-factor-corrected converter is proposed to improve input power factor for an efficient switched reluctance (SR) motor drive. The proposed converter uses the winding of SR motor as an input inductor for power-factor-correction. Converter switches play two important roles; one is to improve the input power factor and the other is to excite the motor phase. Consequently, ac-to-dc power converter and SR motor driver are incorporated into one power stage, so called a single-stage approach is realized; thus, it shows a simple structure. A laboratory prototype to drive a single-phase 6/6-pole SR motor is manufactured to evaluate the performance of the proposed drive system. Design example is given in detail, and the validity of the proposed converter is verified by experimental results.     

空间矢量脉宽调制在二相异步电动机变频调速中的应用

研究了二相逆变器-异步电动机系统的空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)控制技术。该系统可以广泛应用于小功率、宽调速运行的场合。通过对电机基本方程进行Kron变换,建立系统完整的数学模型,提出四个电压矢量八个工作空间的SVPWM控制技术,推导控制参数和计算公式,建立了基于80C196KC控制器的二相逆变器-异步电动机系统。实际运行表明,SVPWM在二相异步电动机变频调速中的应用可使转矩脉动减少、效率提高,具有一定的经济性和实用性。     

A constant air flow rate control of blower for residentialapplications

This paper presents a technique to control a blower for residential applications at constant air flow rate using an induction motor drive. The control scheme combines a variable volt/hertz ratio inverter drive and an average motor current regulation loop to achieve control of the motor torque-speed characteristics, consequently controlling the air flow rate of the blower which the motor is driving. The controller is simple to implement and practical for commercialization. It is also reliable, since no external pressure or air flow sensor is required. Both a theoretical derivation and an experimental verification for the control scheme are presented in this paper     

集散式变频调速系统

介绍了一种简易的集散式变频调速系统。其中以PC机作为过程管理级,JTS-1变频器作为直接控制级,PC机和变频器之间的连接使用了计算机串行接口标准RS-422。调试结果表明,系统通讯可靠性能良好。     

混合式直线步进电动机控制技术

介绍了一种航空放油阀用混合式直线步进电动机驱动控制系统。分析了电机的工作原理，并对电机的末端冲击、平稳运行等关键技术进行了研究，给出了单片机及其细分控制电路和末端降速控制方法。试验结果表明：该电机可作为直线阀门的直接驱动部件。     

Synchronous reluctance motor operating point dependent parameterdetermination

An operating point dependent approach toward the modeling of the synchronous reluctance motor is considered. The Fock and Hart testing method is used to obtain the motor parameter values x_d , x_q, and r for different values of input voltage magnitude and frequency. From the accumulated points, a 3-D surface for each parameter is generated and a function is formulated to describe the surface. As a result of this modeling technique, an input variant nonlinear model of the motor is obtained such that a nonlinear control technique can be applied for a more precise control strategy     

电动汽车感应电机矢量控制系统建模仿真

根据矢量控制原理,利用软件Matlab／Simulink构造了一个电动汽车感应电机矢量控制系统,分别对系统中的感应电机、逆变器、矢量控制算法、驾驶意图以及电动汽车阻力转矩进行建模与仿真。该系统模型能通用于电动汽车感应电机驱动控制系统,只要输入不同系统参数即可,是深入研究电动汽车感应电机矢量控制系统的有效工具。以电动轿车30kW感应电机为例,给出了仿真结果,结果分析证明系统模型的有效性。     

System Design Method for a Load Commutated Inverter-Synchronous Motor Drive

In a thyristorized load commutated inverter synchronous motor drive system, the inverter relies on the back EMF of the synchronous motor to provide the reverse voltage for commutation. The level of the back EMF is a function of both the synchronous motor's field current and rotational speed. The inverter operating frequency is determined by the motor speed and number of pole pairs. For a fixed thyristor firing angle, an increase inmthe level of armature current decreases the available thyristor turn-off time due to overlap of the incoming and outgoing thyristor. This overlap time is a function of the commutating reactance of the synchronous motor. These factors, field current, motor speed, inverter frequency, and armature current, together with a thyristor turnoff time specification, set a maximum limit on the value of motor commutating reactance. The motor designer and inverter designer must perform a tradeoff study of these factors to arrive at a satisfactory drive system. The results are presented of an analysis that allows the synchronous motor reactance to be specified based on the other given parameters of the inverter-synchronous motor drive system. Test data are provided from a 20-kVA 500-1000 Hz load commutated inverter/ inductor type synchronous motor drive system. The effects of motor speed and field excitation on the operating condition of the drive are discussed.     

An online stator winding resistance estimation technique for temperature monitoring of line-connected induction machines

A new technique for stator-resistance (R/sub s/)-based thermal monitoring of small line-connected induction machines is proposed in this paper. A simple device is developed for injecting a small DC signal into line-connected induction machines for estimation of R/sub s/. The proposed DC injection device is capable of intermittently injecting a controllable DC bias into the motor with very low power dissipation. Experimental results under motor startup, load variation, and abnormal cooling conditions verify that the proposed technique provides an accurate estimate of R/sub s/ that is capable of responding to the changes in the motor thermal characteristics, resulting in reliable thermal protection. The proposed technique is a very practical method for thermal protection of small line-connected induction machines that can be implemented with low cost in a motor condition monitoring system.     

Measurement Problems in Determining the Efficiency of Thyristor-Supplied Motor Drives

The reasons why simple ammeter and voltmeter measurements cannot be used to determine accurately the power flow into the armature of a dc motor supplied from a thyristor circuit are reviewed. Ratios of average to effective value of voltage are considered as an aid to determining the conditions under which approximate methods may give reasonable results. Ratios of fundamental to effective value in the case of the ac part of a motor drive are used to determine the appropriate frequency range for the ac measurements on a motor drive system. The implications on the problem of measuring power and losses are considered, and some criteria for the necessary instrumentation are proposed.     

永磁同步电动机单神经元直接模型参考自适应控制

研究了一种永磁同步电动机单神经元直接模型参考自适应矢量控制系统,控制器采用了新的误差函数,通过梯度下降法对单神经元参数进行在线调整使误差函数值趋于零,电机输出更好地跟踪参考模型输出,分析了系统的稳定性。控制器结构简单,算法易于数字化实现。仿真结果表明控制器能保证电机转速快速、准确地跟随给定速度曲线,并对负载扰动有较强的抑制能力。