气质联用技术研究爱国者蓝莓不同溶剂提取物（英文）

目的对比不同溶剂对蓝莓果化合物提取的异同。方法本研究使用4种不同的溶剂提取爱国者蓝莓化合物,分别为:S1(100%甲醇和0.1%的甲酸),S2(50%甲醇水溶液),S3(70%丙酮、29.5%水、0.5%乙酸)和S4(50%乙醇),并结合柱前衍生化-气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)技术检测不同溶剂蓝莓提取物。结果研究结果表明,蓝莓果中含有酸、醇、酚、酯、糖、酮、烷烃等类化合物;同时研究结果还发现,S4适合提取酸类化合物,S3适合提取糖类化合物,S2相比其他提取溶剂,能提供更多关于酯类、酚类、烷烃类和其他化合物信息,因此,S2是研究蓝莓化合物组分较优的提取剂。结论本实验对于不同类别蓝莓组分的需求提供了研究的新思路,同时对蓝莓品质控制和功能性成分的高效利用有非常重要的意义。     

蓝莓冻果花色素苷的提取及抗癌活性的研究

目的本实验以蓝莓冻果为试材,探索蓝莓冻果中花色素苷的最佳提取条件,并对提取的花色素苷进行抗癌活性研究。方法采用超声波辅助提取法研究不同的温度、时间、溶剂浓度和提取溶剂的p H对蓝莓花色素苷提取效果的影响,并进行了正交实验;通过MTT法进行体外乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7细胞抗增值活性测试,研究花色素苷的抗癌活性。结果提取温度为50℃,时间为50min,溶剂浓度为80%,溶剂的p H为2时对花色素苷的提取效果影响最大;体外癌细胞测试,花色素苷浓度为150μg/m L,作用时间48h时,对MCF-7细胞的抗增值活性最好,IC_(50)值为80.8μg/m L。     

蓝莓果实中花色苷提取工艺的研究

以人工栽培蓝莓果为原料,进行了蓝莓花色苷提取工艺的研究.结果显示,蓝莓花色苷最佳提取工艺为:采用15倍量、浓度为80%的酸性甲醇(pH为2),40℃提取2次,每次提取1 h.蓝莓花色苷提取率为78.2%.     

蓝莓果渣花青素的超声辅助提取工艺优化

以蓝莓果渣为原料,用酒石酸酸化乙醇提取花青素,同时应用超声波进行辅助提取,采用双波长pH示差法计算花青素提取率,利用响应面分析法对蓝莓果渣花青素的提取工艺条件进行优化。结果表明:其最佳提取条件为提取温度50℃,pH 3.0,酸化乙醇浓度65%,料液比1:70(g/mL),超声波提取功率500 W,提取时间20 min,蓝莓果渣花青素提取率实际值为83.638%,与预测值85.442%的偏差为2.111%。该试验设计操作简便合理,得率高,可预测性较好,为蓝莓果渣花青素提取提供了理论依据。     

同时蒸馏萃取法提取金华火腿风味物质条件优化

以金华火腿为原料,乙醚作为提取溶剂,采用同时蒸馏萃取法(SDE)提取金华火腿风味物质,以提取时间、料液比和溶剂用量为考察因素,采用L9(34)正交实验确定了同时蒸馏萃取法提取风味物质的最佳工艺:提取时间150min,料液比1:2,溶剂用量50mL,并通过气相色谱/质谱联用法从蒸馏萃取物中共分离鉴定了40种化合物,主要为羧醛类、酸类、烷烃类、醇酮类、呋喃类和其他化合物,其中醛类和羧酸类含量较高,占总提取量的40.32%.     

低温连续相变萃取蓝莓花色苷工艺优化及成分分析

采用低温连续相变萃取技术提取蓝莓花色苷,以蓝莓花色苷提取量为主要指标,研究萃取温度、萃取溶剂浓度、萃取时间、萃取溶剂pH、原料堆密度等因素对低温连续相变萃取蓝莓花色苷提取效果的影响,同时通过正交实验确定最佳低温连续相变萃取蓝莓花色苷的最佳工艺条件,并将蓝莓花色苷经过高效液相色谱-质谱联用的仪器分析确定其成分及化学组成。实验结果表明:萃取温度30 ℃、萃取溶剂75%乙醇、萃取时间120 min、原料堆密度0.3 kg/L、溶剂pH3.0为萃取蓝莓花色苷最佳工艺,提取量达9.31 mg/g冻干蓝莓果。相较于普通乙醇2次浸提获得的花色苷提取量7.91 mg/g冻干蓝莓果,低温连续相变萃取工艺不仅适宜大批量工业生产推广,且能够将蓝莓花色苷提取率提高18%。由最优工艺提取所得兔眼蓝莓花色苷提取物中花青素的种类主要有矢车菊色素(C_(15)H_(11)O_6)、锦葵色素(C_(17)H_(15)O_7)、牵牛花色素(C_(16)H_(13)O_7)和芍药色素(C_(16)H_(13)O_6),各花青素含量高低次序为矢车菊素(39.12%)锦葵色素(36.91%)牵牛花色素(18.08%)芍药色素(5.89%)。     

不同提取方法对蓝莓色素得率及抗氧化活力的影响研究

目的研究不同提取方法对蓝莓色素得率、抗氧化活力的影响及得率与抗氧化活力间的关系。方法分别以乙醇、甲醇、丙酮为浸提溶剂,常规溶剂浸提、超声辅助浸提、微波辅助浸提3种提取方式,测定浸提液色素得率及其清除DPPH·、·O·_2~-、·OH的能力;分析色素得率与抗氧化活力的关系。结果不同提取溶剂对蓝莓色素得率的影响差异不显著(P0.05),但不同提取方式对蓝莓色素得率的影响差异显著(P0.05);不同提取方法的蓝莓色素清除DPPH·、·O·_2~-、和·OH的能力存在显著差异(P0.05);蓝莓色素得率与其清除DPPH·与·OH能力间存在显著的正相关。结论提取方式对蓝莓色素的得率及抗氧化活力有显著影响;蓝莓色素得率与其清除DPPH·和·OH能力呈显著的正相关性;超声辅助乙醇浸提更有助于获取高得率、高抗氧化活性的蓝莓色素。     

超声辅助低共熔溶剂法提取新疆大果沙枣多酚类化合物及其抗氧化活性研究

该研究旨在优化超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取新疆大果沙枣多酚类化合物的工艺,评价其体外抗氧化活性。首先比较12种不同组分的低共熔溶剂和3种传统溶剂,从中筛选出得率最高的低共熔溶剂。然后通过单因素试验和响应面Box-Behnken设计试验优化超声辅助低共熔溶剂提取大果沙枣多酚和黄酮的同时考察DPPH自由基、ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力。结果显示,氯化胆碱-苹果酸摩尔比为1∶1、含水率25%、料液比1∶48 (g∶mL)、超声时间34 min、超声温度57℃时,大果沙枣多酚得率63.378 mg/g,黄酮得率为33.528 mg/g, DPPH自由基清除能力为35.004 mg TE/g, ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力为82.443 mg TE/g。通过不同提取方法对大果沙枣多酚、黄酮得率及抗氧化活性的比较,发现它们之间呈正相关关系(P<0.05)。该研究提供了一种绿色、高效的从大果沙枣中提取多酚类化合物的方法,在提高了活性成分得率的同时保证了抗氧化活性,适用于大果沙枣活性成分和抗氧化活性的同时提取,对新疆南疆地区大果沙枣资源开发具有科学意义。     

蓝莓果中花色苷的提取工艺研究

用不同的溶剂对蓝莓果中花色苷进行了提取,确定乙醇为较好的提取溶剂,考察了乙醇浓度、料液比、时间、pH值、温度5个因素对提取蓝莓果花色苷的影响,确定最佳提取工艺参数为60%乙醇、料液比为1g∶15mL、提取时间120min、pH值3、提取温度40℃、提取2次。采用最佳工艺条件进行提取,确定蓝莓果花色苷含量约为358mg/100g鲜果。     

天山花楸不同部位萜类化合物提取工艺研究

为得到天山花椒萜类化合物的提取工艺参数,以新疆天山花楸为原料测定不同部位萜类化合物含量,通过单因素试验分析浸泡时间、甲醇与水混合液、加水量、提取温度、粉碎粒度,确定天山花楸中萜类化合物提取工艺条件。结果得到的最佳提取条件为：以体积分数20%甲醇溶液作溶剂,原料质量与溶剂总体积比为1.5g:10.0mL,恒温60℃浸提4h,测得的天山花楸的萜类化合物提取量为叶1.59%、枝1.45%。本方法结果可靠、操作简便,最佳条件适合该药材的批量提取。     

河源南高丛蓝莓酒精发酵前后挥发性成分变化

目的明确广东河源地区南高丛蓝莓特征风味成分以及蓝莓发酵后香挥发性成分变化规律。方法采用顶空固相微萃取-气质联用法分析了河源南高丛蓝莓的风味成分,以及发酵成蓝莓酒后的风味成分变化。结果河源南高丛蓝莓主要风味成分为柠檬烯以及其他烯烃、醛类等物质,发酵成蓝莓酒后主要特征风味成分为乙酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯等酯类和醇类物质。结论河源南高丛蓝莓在挥发性成分上与以往报道的温带地区蓝莓有一定的区别,蓝莓发酵成蓝莓酒后烯烃、醛类物质显著减少或消失,而酯类和醇类显著增加,同时生成了长链烷烃和脂肪酸酯类物质。     

溪黄草根不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化性

考察7种溶剂(蒸馏水、60%乙醇、无水乙醇、甲醇、丁醇、氯仿和乙酸乙酯)对溪黄草根中可溶出成分的提取效果,研究7种提取物总酚含量、清除DPPH自由基能力、清除ABTS+ ·能力和螯合Fe2+的能力。结果表明：水和60%乙醇对溪黄草根中可溶出成分的提取效果最好;60%乙醇提取物总酚含量最高,清除DPPH自由基能力最高(超过迷迭香提取物、竹叶提取物、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯),清除ABTS+ ·能力最好(超过迷迭香提取物),并具有较强的螯合Fe2+能力(超过迷迭香提取物、竹叶提取物、抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯)。     

Optimization of extraction conditions of total phenolics, antioxidant activities, and anthocyanin of oregano, thyme, terebinth, and pomegranate

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total phenolic extracts and antioxidant activity and anthocyanins of varieties of the investigated plants. These plants include oregano, thyme, terebinth, and pomegranate. The optimum extraction conditions including temperature and solvent of the extraction process itself were investigated. Total phenolic and anthocyanin extracts were examined according to Folin-Ciocalteu assay and Rabino and Mancinelli method, respectively. The effect of different extracting solvents and temperatures on extracts of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins were studied. Plant samples were evaluated for their antioxidant chemical activity by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazl assay, to determine their potential as a source of natural antioxidant. Results showed that all tested plants exhibited appreciable amounts of phenolic compounds. The methanolic extract (60 °C) of sour pomegranate peel contained the highest phenolic extract (4952.4 mg/100 g of dry weight). Terebinth green seed had the lowest phenolic extract (599.4 mg/100 g of dry weight). Anthocyanins ranged between 3.5 (terebinth red seed) and 0.2 mg/100 g of dry material (thyme). Significant effect of different extracting solvents and temperatures on total phenolics and anthocyanin extracts were found. The methanol and 60 °C of extraction conditions found to be the best for extracting phenolic compounds. The distilled water and 60 °C extraction conditions found to be the best for extracting anthocyanin.     

Identification of phenolic compounds and appraisal of antioxidant and antityrosinase activities from litchi (Litchi sinensis Sonn.) seeds

Antioxidant and antitryrosinase compounds from Litchi sinensis Sonn. seeds were extracted with five different types of polar solvents. The five extracts, namely ethanol extract (EE), 50% ethanol extract (50% EE), methanol extract (ME), 50% methanol extract (50% ME), and water extract (WE), were used for the evaluations of total phenolic content, antioxidant capabilities and antityrosinase activity. The 50% EE showed the highest total antioxidant capacity, scavenging the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical and inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation, and it was comparable to the activity of the synthetic antioxidant, butylated hydroxyl toluene. Fifty percent EE showed a better antityrosinase activity compared to the other extracts. After application of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, coupled to a diode array detector and electrospray ionisation mass spectra, five phenolic compounds, namely, gallic acid, procyanidin B2, (−)-gallocatechin, (−)-epicatechin and (−)-epicatechin-3-gallate were identified from 50% EE. This study suggests that litchi seed can potentially be used as a readily accessible source of natural antioxidants.     

红薯叶不同溶剂提取物抗氧化性及活性成分鉴定

研究不同极性溶剂对红薯叶中酚类化合物的提取以及提取物抗氧化性的影响,并鉴定提取物中的主要抗氧化成分组成。分别采用极性不同的7 种溶剂（蒸馏水、甲醇、无水乙醇、丙酮、正丁醇、乙酸乙酯和氯仿）从红薯叶中提取多酚,并评价提取物中总酚、总黄酮和花青素的含量,以及对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除能力和还原能力,最后运用高效液相色谱-串联质谱（high performance liquidchromatography tandem mass spectroscopy,HPLC-MS/MS）技术分析抗氧化活性最好的提取物中多酚的主要组成成分。结果表明：提取溶剂的极性对红薯叶中多酚类化合物的提取效率和提取物抗氧化活性有很大的影响,水提物具有最高的粗提物得率（（37.13±1.60）%）,而甲醇提取物中总酚含量（13.80 mg GAE/g）和总黄酮含量（（5.68±0.35）mg QE/g）最高,且具有最好的DPPH自由基清除能力（IC50为0.32 mg/mL）与还原能力（ρ0.5为0.95 mg/mL）。采用HPLC-MS/MS从红薯叶甲醇提取物中鉴定9 种、初步鉴定3 种酚类化合物,鉴定的化合物为咖啡酸、对羟基苯甲酸、1-咖啡酸奎宁酸、3-咖啡酸奎宁酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C、3,4,5-三咖啡酰奎尼酸和金丝桃苷。     

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Salvia tomentosa Miller (Lamiaceae)

This study was designed to examine the in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and various extracts (prepared by using solvents of varying polarity) of Salvia tomentosa (Miller). The essential oil was particularly found to possess strong antimicrobial activity while other non-polar extracts and subfractions showed moderate activities while polar extracts remained almost inactive. GC and GC/MS analyses of the oil resulted in the identification of 44 compounds, representing 97.7% of the oil; β-pinene (39.7%), α-pinene (10.9%) and camphor (9.7%) were the main components. The samples were also subjected to screening for their possible antioxidant activity by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and β-carotene-linoleic acid assays. In the first case, the free radical scavenging activity of aqueous methanol extract (MW) was superior to all other extracts (IC₅₀=18.7 μg/ml). Polar extracts exhibited stronger activities than non-polar extracts. In the case of the linoleic acid system, oxidation of the linoleic acid was effectively inhibited by the polar subfraction of the MW extract, while the oil was less effective. The MW extract showed 90.6% inhibition, that is close to the synthetic antioxidant BHT.     

In vitro antioxidant properties and phenolic composition of Salvia halophila Hedge from Turkey

An endemic plant of Turkey Salvia halophila Hedge (Lamiaceae) was examined for its antioxidant activity and phenolic compositions. The aerial part of S. halophila was extracted with different solvents in an order of increasing polarity such as hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and 50% methanol using a Soxhlet apparatus. Water extract was also prepared from S. halophila by reflux. All solvent fractions were investigated for their total phenolic contents, flavonoids, flavonols, qualitative–quantitative compositions, iron(III) reductive activities, free radical scavenging activities and the effect upon linoleic acid peroxidation activities. The peroxidation level was also determined by the TBA method. The results of activity tests given as IC₅₀ values were estimated from non-linear algorithm and compared with standards via BHT, ascorbic acid, gallic acid. Polar fractions were found more active among the others in free radical activity system whereas non-polar fractions protected the peroxidation of linoleic acid. Rosmarinic acid was the most abundant component, in the extracts.     

“米邦塔”食用仙人掌体外抗氧化活性的研究

分别采用普鲁士兰法测定还原力、硫氰酸铁法测定亚油酸氧化抑制能力、比色法测定1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼[DPPH·]自由基清除能力、化学发光法测定超氧阴离子自由基[O2-.]清除能力,对仙人掌不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化性进行体外试验评价。结果表明仙人掌皮粉甲醇提取物还原力最大,[DPPH·]自由基和[O2-·]清除能力最高,其中仙人掌皮粉甲醇提取物在[DPPH·]自由基的半抑制率IC50为1.865mg/mL,在亚油酸氧化抑制能力中30mg/mL仙人掌水提物最强。     

高温流化米中挥发性香味物质收集方法初探

比较了索氏提取法、动态顶空捕集法和同时蒸馏萃取法三种提取高温流化米中挥发性香味物质的方法。索氏提取法因糯米中脂肪含量太高,对香味物质的分析干扰较大;由于香味物质在吸附剂Chromosorb103上的吸附性能较差,动态顶空捕集法提取不完全;同时蒸馏萃取法提取高温流化米香味物质较完全,且以糯米为对照能有效消除提取过程中的干扰。同时蒸馏萃取法OV-1701柱分析,从高温流化米中检测出110种香味化合物,占总挥发物的92.97%,大致可分为醛、酮、脂肪酸、醇、酯、烷烃、烯烃和杂环类等八类。特别是糯米高温流化后形成了大量的杂环类香味化合物,为进一步研究高温流化米酿造黄酒特征香味的研究提供了必要的实验依据。     

Influence of Different Drying Treatments and Extraction Solvents on the Metabolite Profile and Nitric Oxide Inhibitory Activity of Ajwa Dates

This study aimed to examine the variation in the metabolite profiles and nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity of Ajwa dates that were subjected to 2 drying treatments and different extraction solvents. ¹H NMR coupled with multivariate data analysis was employed. A Griess assay was used to determine the inhibition of the production of NO in RAW 264.7 cells treated with LPS and interferon‐γ. The oven dried (OD) samples demonstrated the absence of asparagine and ascorbic acid as compared to the freeze dried (FD) dates. The principal component analysis showed distinct clusters between the OD and FD dates by the second principal component. In respect of extraction solvents, chloroform extracts can be distinguished by the absence of arginine, glycine and asparagine compared to the methanol and 50% methanol extracts. The chloroform extracts can be clearly distinguished from the methanol and 50% methanol extracts by first principal component. Meanwhile, the loading score plot of partial least squares analysis suggested that beta glucose, alpha glucose, choline, ascorbic acid and glycine were among the metabolites that were contributing to higher biological activity displayed by FD and methanol extracts of Ajwa. The results highlight an alternative method of metabolomics approach for determination of the metabolites that contribute to NO inhibitory activity.