非视距误差的TDOA/AOA混合定位算法

在非视距（NLOS）误差时,无线网络的目标定位性能急剧下降。提出一种针对NLOS误差的TDOA/AOA混合定位算法,首先利用量测值多项式拟合的Wylie鉴别算法辨别出具有NLOS误差的基站,根据NLOS附加时延的统计特性估计出附加时延的均值和方差,并重构到达时间差（TDOA）测量值;然后采用基于泰勒级数展开的TDOA/AOA混合定位算法,得出无线网络联合目标定位的位置估计值。仿真结果证实,该方法在存在NLOS误差下能有效提高无线网络的目标定位精度。     

Hybrid TDOA/AOA mobile user location for wideband CDMA cellularsystems

This paper proposes a mobile user location scheme for wideband code-division multiple-access (CDMA) wireless communication systems. To achieve high location accuracy and low cost of the mobile receiver, the location scheme combines the time difference of arrival (TDOA) measurements from the forward link pilot signals with the angle of arrival (AOA) measurement from the reverse link pilot signal. High chip rates in wideband CDMA systems facilitate accurate TDOA measurements, and a smart antenna used at the home base station (BS) can provide accurate AOA measurement in a macrocell environment. A two-step least square location estimator is developed based on a linear form of the AOA equation in the small error region. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid TDOA/AOA location scheme gives a much higher location accuracy than TDOA only location, when the number of base stations is small and/or when the TDOA measurements have a relatively poor accuracy     

一种改进的NLOS环境下的TDOA/AOA混合定位算法

在蜂窝移动通信系统中,利用基站测量的到达时间差(TDOA)和电波到达角(AOA)的混合定位方法能够比传统的TDOA方法提供更高的定位精度。但是在非视距(NLOS)条件下,当AOA的测量误差超过一定值时,定位的误差仍然很大。该文根据NLOS传播环境下附加传播时延服从指数分布的特性,估计附加时延的均值和方差,对TDOA测量值进行重构,再以AOA方法进行辅助定位。仿真结果表明,该算法能显著提高传统的TDOA和TDOA/AOA方法在NLOS传播环境下的定位精度。     

Robust Mobile Location Estimation Using Hybrid TOA/AOA Measurements in Cellular Systems

Estimating a location of mobile station is considerable interest in wireless cellular systems. This letter deals with a hybrid time-of-arrival (TOA)/angle-of-arrival (AOA) mobile location estimation under relatively low signal-to-noise ratio and moderately nonline-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. To reduce location estimation errors, a robust estimator for hybrid TOA/AOA location systems is proposed by using the minimax mean-squared error (MSE) criterion. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed estimator significantly outperforms the other least squares estimators.     

Multipath Delay Analysis Using Queuing Theory for Gateway Selection in Hybrid MANET

Wireless Personal Communications - Hybrid Mobile ad hoc network (H-MANET) is a network in which MANET is connected to the Internet using some special nodes called Internet Gateways (IGs). Previous...     

Super-Resolution Time Delay Estimation in Multipath Environments

The super-resolution time delay estimation in multipath environment is very important for many applications. Conventional super-resolution approaches can only deal with signals with wideband and flat spectra. In this paper, we propose a novel super-resolution time delay estimation method that can treat signals with narrowband spectra. In our method, the time delay estimation is first transformed into the frequency domain, in which the problem is converted into the parameter estimation of sinusoidal signals with lowpass envelopes. Then a MUSIC-type algorithm taking account of the envelope variation is applied to achieve the super-resolution estimation. Time delay estimation in active and passive systems are considered. Simulation results confirm that the proposed estimators provide better performance than the classical correlation approach and the conventional MUSIC algorithm for separating closely spaced signals with narrowband spectra.     

Multipath Delay Estimation for Frequency Hopping Systems

The multipath delay estimation problem for a slow frequency hopping system is studied. High resolution delay estimation algorithms are proposed by exploiting invariance structures in the data packet. The proposed approach converts the problem of delay estimation using temporally received packets to one of estimating directions-of-arrival in array processing. Two closed-form estimators are developed. The first algorithm is based on the use of a single invariance and applies the ESPRIT algorithm. The second approach utilizes multiple invariances, and enforces the Cayley-Hamilton constraint in the signal subspace. It is shown, via an analysis of acquisition time, that the use of multiple invariances significantly shortens the number of hops required for parameter identifiability. Simulation examples also demonstrate the advantage of exploiting multiple invariances.     

Performance Analysis of 3D Localization for a Launch Vehicle Using TOA,AOA, and TDOA

Wireless Personal Communications - In general, a ground telemetry station for a launch vehicle (LV) includes a tracking function only; therefore, position measurements for LV depend on received...     

CDMA信号码片内多径时延估计算法

针对CDMA信号的特点,提出了低信噪比条件下估计延迟差小于一个码片周期的多径信号时延的有效算法,该文首先建立了一个能够有效抑制噪声影响的多径功率延迟函数,然后推导了建立在此函数基础上的高分辨率时延估计算法,给出了算法的具体步骤,分析了算法的性能,最后通过对比仿真和性能仿真证明了该方法具有低信噪比条件下高频谱分辨率的特点。     

TDOA中几种时延估计算法的比较

在现有的传声器阵列声源定位方法中,基于声达时间差(TDOA)估计定位法计算量较小,定位精度较高,同时也易于实现实时系统,是目前声源定位法中常用的方法。采用该方法最重要的就是进行时间延迟估计(TDE),其精确性直接影响到定位的准确与否。概括了基于传声器阵列的声达时间差(TDOA)估计定位法中几种时间延迟估计的算法,给出了部分算法的仿真结果,分析了每种算法中存在的优缺点并同时指出了需进一步研究的问题。     

多通道干扰下的多径时延估计

在考虑多通道非平稳信号干扰及背景噪声的情况下,本文提出的基于循环相关的参数型时间延时估计方法,可准确地进行多径传输情况下的时间延时估计,有效地抑制干扰和噪声的影响.在估计性能方面,该方法优于基于相关的方法.在运算量和适应性能方面,该方法优于基于高阶累积量的方法.文章最后采用计算机模拟验证了文中的结论.     

基于三阶累积量的多径时延估计

研究多径传输条件下的时延估计问题。利用三阶累积量的一维切片作为高阶统计量,结合相关算法原理,提出一种新的时延估计算法。为提高时延估计精度,对相关数据进行了加权处理。该算法可有效抑制空间相关高斯噪声或对称分布噪声,得到非高斯信号准确的时延估计。算法具有计算量小,易于实现的优点。仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性。     

复合调制雷达信号时差估计算法

现代雷达信号环境中, 复合调制信号正在逐步得到广泛应用。该文提出了一种针对频移键控与二相编码(FSK-BPSK)复合调制信号的时差估计算法。该算法紧密结合该信号子脉冲频率分布具有对称性, 时域长度具有一致性等特点, 通过子脉冲相关函数的理论推导得出FSK-BPSK复合调制脉冲信号的相关函数。最后利用相关函数拟合算法, 可根据观测数据进一步精确估计时间延迟(TDOA)。通过仿真实验, 证明该算法相比于其他时差估计算法, 其算法估计的准确性、抗噪性都有明显提升, 且适用于带宽较小的复合调制信号的时差估计情况。      

基于亚采样点级别的TDOA时延估计

针对无源时延定位技术中时延的估算受系统采样率影响较大的问题,提出一种基于亚采样点的时延估计算法,在采样点最小单位的基础上,利用2个基准监测站信号点的几何特征计算时延。在Matlab仿真程序中,模拟1个信号辐射源和2个基准监测站,以2个监测站信号及其瞬时相位作为算法输入部分,对比二者时延估计的精度,证明算法的有效性。试验结果表明,基于亚采样点的时延估计算法计算精度与信号点数及采样周期有关,且在相同采样率下,该算法估计的时延精度高于采样点级别的时延估计方法。     

一种在非视距环境中的TDOA/AOA混合定位方法

提出了一种在非视距环境中的到达时间差/到达角混合定位方法。该方法使用了两步卡尔曼滤波。先用卡尔曼滤波器对到达时间测量值进行预处理,以消除TOA测量值中的NLOS误差。再把经过预处理的TOA测量值输入到用卡尔曼滤波器实现的TDOA/AOA混合定位器中进行定位。实验证明,该方法的定位误差性能优于单纯的TDOA定位方法及静态定位方法中泰勒级数展开法的误差性能。     

脉冲噪声环境下基于相关熵的多径TDOA估计算法

为了实现脉冲噪声环境下不受相关法分辨极限限制的高分辨率多径到达时差(TDOA)估计,该文利用相关熵理论中的最大相关熵准则(MCC),结合将多维优化问题转化为多个1维优化问题的期望最大化方法,提出一种相关熵期望最大化(CEM)高分辨率多径TDOA估计算法.仿真实验结果表明该文所提出的算法在强脉冲噪声和低信噪比的环境下都具有很好的估计性能,并且算法中参数的选取不依赖于脉冲噪声的先验信息.     

脉冲噪声环境下基于相关熵的多径TDOA估计算法

为了实现脉冲噪声环境下不受相关法分辨极限限制的高分辨率多径到达时差(TDOA)估计,该文利用相关熵理论中的最大相关熵准则(MCC),结合将多维优化问题转化为多个1维优化问题的期望最大化方法,提出一种相关熵期望最大化(CEM)高分辨率多径TDOA估计算法。仿真实验结果表明该文所提出的算法在强脉冲噪声和低信噪比的环境下都具有很好的估计性能,并且算法中参数的选取不依赖于脉冲噪声的先验信息。     

基于循环平稳性的约束自适应多径时延估计

在有多径信号、多通道非平稳干扰信号以及平稳背景噪声的情况下,不考虑多径信号传输的时延估计方法不能准确地估计时延,甚至估计性能会恶化.为此,本文提出了基于循环平稳性的约束自适应多径时延估计算法,并对算法的收敛性能进行了分析.该算法可以有效地抑制干扰和噪声的影响,在低信噪比的情况下直接地、准确地进行自适应多径时延估计,特别对噪声是空间相关的情形也适用,克服了传统算法不能直接估计非整数倍采样间隔的时延和多径时延的缺点.计算机仿真试验验证了新方法的有效性.     

一种TDOA/AOA混合定位算法及其性能分析

在蜂窝移动通信系统中，智能天线阵列的应用使得服务基站（BS）能提供较准确的移动台（MS）电波到达角（AOA）测量值，从而可以用于对移动台的定位估计，文中对文献[1]的电波到达时间差（TDOA）定位算法进行了改进，提出了一种既能继承原算法的优良性能，又可充分利用AOA测量值信息提高定位性能的TDOA/AOA混合定位算法，该算法还具有解析表达式解。仿真结果表明，只要AOA测量值达到一定精度，该算法就能取得比文献[1]的单纯TDOA定位算法更好的性能。