Low Power Digital Baseband for Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband Transceiver

In this paper, a low power digital baseband to be used together with impulse-radio ultra wideband radio frequency front-end has been presented. It can provide received pulse synchronization required for burst mode and low power operation. It also overcomes clock drift issue between different transceivers. The clock and data recovery is implemented fully in digital domain without the need of conventional phase-locked loop, delay locked loop or analog-to-digital converter. The chip is designed using 0.18 μm CMOS technology. It consumes 5 mW and can recover data up to 20 Mbps.     

基于压缩感知的脉冲超宽带信号检测

传统的信号检测算法基于奈奎斯特采样定理来实现,这对于带宽极宽的超宽带(ultra-wideband,UWB)信号而言由于要求采样速率过高而很难用硬件去实现。为此,本文研究了基于压缩感知(compressive sensing,CS)的脉冲超宽带(impulse radio UWB, IR-UWB)信号检测问题,利用IR鄄UWB 信号在时域上的稀疏特性,设计了一种基于压缩感知的IR鄄UWB 信号检测框架,在此基础上提出了一种自适应加权正交匹配追踪检测算法。仿真结果表明,新算法不仅能够通过远少于奈奎斯特定理所要求的采样速率检测出IR-UWB 信号,而且与基于匹配追踪的压缩感知检测算法相比,新算法在低信噪比的情况下对IR-UWB 信号的检测效果更佳。     

多波形超宽带传输参考脉冲无线电系统性能分析

文章中,我们分析了基于多波形的超宽带传输参考脉冲无线电系统的性能。在不考虑帧间干扰和多径干扰的情况下,我们得出了误符号率的闭式解。接着我们又讨论了多波形传输参考系统的抗帧间干扰能力。通过对比仿真结果,我们发现在有帧间干扰的环境中,多波形传输参考系统能够达到比单波形系统更好的误码率性能。     

A Novel 3–5 GHz Active Matched Filter for Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband

In this letter, a novel active matched filter for UWB-IR lower band (3.1–4.85 GHz) is presented. The signal to noise ratio is improved at the output using a tapped delay line with a common source amplifier. An artificial transmission line is used for wideband impedance matching. The matched filter achieves a power gain of 9.8 dB at center frequency. Input matching is better than ${-}19$ dB and output matching is better than ${-}15$ dB. The averaged SNR improvement is 4.6 dB using peak detection. Input referred 1-dB compression point is 0.7 dBm at the center frequency. The matched filter is biased from a 1.5 V supply with a total power consumption of 38 mW.      

Cooperative Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband Communication Using Coherent and Non-Coherent Detectors: A Review

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a booming technology in the field of wireless communication. This paper presents a brief idea related to the various coherent and non-coherent IR-UWB detectors. Due to the limitation in transmit power spectral density of UWB system, the major challenges faced by UWB system includes, achieving Quality of Service, system performance and coverage area. So, the combination of UWB system with cooperative communication will not only improve the system performance, but also help in expanding coverage area of signals. A brief review of the work done by various researchers in the field of cooperative impulse radio (IR) UWB communication is also presented in this paper. The working principle and performance analysis of the various coherent and non-coherent IR-UWB detectors using cooperative relay strategies are also discussed at large in this paper. The various fixed cooperative relay strategies used for cooperative UWB communication is Amplify and Forward, Decode and Forward and Detect and Forward. From the simulation results it can be inferred that, even though IR-UWB DTR receiver gives a much better BER performance than IR-UWB ED receiver using both cooperative and non-cooperative strategies, yet ED receiver is preferred because of its less complexity and low power consumption. Future prospects in the field of cooperative IR-UWB communication have also been discussed in this paper.     

Proposal for All-Optical Generation of Ultra-Wideband Impulse Radio Signals in Mach–Zehnder Interferometer With Quantum-Dot Optical Amplifier

We developed a theoretical analysis of a novel method of ultra-wideband impulse radio signals all-optical generation based on cross-phase modulation and cross-gain modulation in a nonsymmetric integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) containing quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier. The proposed method is promising due to the advantages of compact, easily controlled, and low energy integrated MZI structures as compared to optical fiber systems.     

Impulse Radio UWB Pulse Shaping for Cognitive Radio Applications

This paper introduces a method of shaping impulse radio Ultra Wideband (UWB) pulses in the context of using higher than normal power transmissions and cognitive radio to provide the ability for such systems to avoid interference with primary users in shared radio spectrum. Using multiple shaping frequencies and a standard Gaussian pulse shape, pulses are shaped in the time domain, according to the requirements of the frequency spectrum in use, and any limits on power spectral density. Simulation results are presented for an example scenario based on measured data, along with a more general approach applicable to a free spectrum scenario. We show that the introduced shaping technique ensures that up to 98.8% of capacity of the UWB bandwidth within the conventional spectrum mask can be achieved for a time scaling factor of 11 ns and shaping frequency of 30 MHz. Capacity well in excess of the 100% achievable with the spectral mask is possible when the transmit power is permitted to increase in areas of ‘white space’ spectrum.     

Ultra-Wideband Radio Signals Distribution in FTTH Networks

The use of an ultra-wideband (UWB) radio technique is proposed as a viable solution for the distribution of high-definition audio/video content in fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) networks. The approach suitability is demonstrated by the transmission of standards-based UWB signals at 1.25 Gb/s along different FTTH fiber links with 25 km up to 60 km of standard single-mode fiber length in a laboratory experiment. Experimental results suggest that orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexed UWB signals exhibit better transmission performance in FFTH networks than impulse radio UWB signals.     

3.125 Gb/s Impulse Radio Ultra-Wideband Photonic Generation and Distribution Over a 50 km Fiber With Wireless Transmission

A 3.125 Gb/s photonic impulse radio ultra-wideband signal is created using the incoherent optical field summation resulting from the cross gain modulation of an uncooled distributed feedback laser injected with an external cavity laser. After 50 km of fiber and wireless transmission over 2.9–3.3-m, successful detection using a digital signal processing receiver is achieved.      

A/D Precision Requirements for Digital Ultra-Wideband Radio Receivers

Ultra wideband radio (UWB) is a new wireless technology that uses narrow pulses to transmit information. Implementing an “all-digital” UWB receiver has numerous potential benefits ranging from low-cost and ease-of-design to flexibility. Digitizing an RF signal near the antenna, however, introduces its own set of challenges and has traditionally been considered infeasible. A high-speed, high-resolution analog-digital converter (ADC) is difficult to design, and is extremely power-hungry. The viability of an “all-digital” architecture, therefore, hinges upon the specifications of this block. In this paper, we demonstrate that 4 bits of resolution are sufficient for reliable detection of a typical UWB signal that is swamped in noise and interference.     

Achievable Rates of Transmitted-Reference Ultra-Wideband Radio With PPM

In this letter, we study the achievable rates of practical ultra-wideband (UWB) systems using pulse position modulation (PPM) and transmitted-reference (TR) transceivers. TR obviates the need for complex channel estimation, which is particularly challenging in the context of UWB communications. Based on an upper bound we derive for the error probability with random coding, we establish that for signal-to-noise ratio values of practical interest, PPM-UWB with TR can achieve rates on the order of$C(infty)=P/N_0$(nats/s), where$C(infty)$denotes the capacity of an additive white Gaussian noise channel in the UWB regime for average received power$P$and noise power spectrum density$N_0$.     

一种脉冲超宽带测控信号捕获方法

脉冲超宽带测控系统作为一种航天测控新体制,可有效提高系统的隐蔽性和抗干扰性。该文针对脉冲超宽带测控信号的捕获问题,提出利用基于部分匹配滤波与快速傅里叶变换(Partial Matched Filtering and Fast Fourier Transform, PMF-FFT)的捕获方法完成对脉冲相位、伪码相位和多普勒频率的3维捕获。又针对搜索空间大、捕获时间长和多普勒频率估计精度低的问题,提出了一种改进的捕获方法。该方法采用两步捕获法对时延相位进行捕获,同时利用修正的Rife算法对多普勒频率进行进一步精细估计。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效提高捕获速度,减小捕获时间,且能显著提高多普勒频率估计精度。     

Slightly Frequency-Shifted Reference Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Radio

A promising ultra-wideband (UWB) radio technique being widely considered for low-data-rate applications, such as those often encountered in sensor networks, is the transmitted reference (TR) UWB scheme. However, the standard TR-UWB scheme, while often motivated by the simplicity of its receiver, is still dogged by implementation concerns. In particular, the receiver requires an extremely wideband delay element, which is difficult to incorporate into low-power integrated systems. In this paper, a TR scheme is proposed in which the separation between the data and reference signals, rather than being a time delay, is a slow rotation over the symbol interval. This provides a (slightly) frequency-shifted reference that, while orthogonal to the data-bearing pulse, still goes through a nearly equal channel. A detailed analysis of the proposed scheme is provided. Simulation results demonstrate the expected result that frequency shifting of the reference in the proposed manner is not effective for high-data-rate systems that experience appreciable intersymbol interference. However, for the targeted low-to-moderate data-rate applications, numerical results demonstrate that the proposed system not only achieves the primary goal of providing a much simpler receiver architecture, but also that it outperforms the standard TR-UWB system     

脉冲无线电通信系统的正交定时估计方法

超宽带（UWB）通信是目前无线通信研究的热点,其中脉冲无线电（Impulse Radio,IR）技术采用业纳秒脉冲信号作为信息传输的载体,数据传输速率大于100Mbps,具有超宽频谱和极低功率谱密度的优点。在采用IR技术的UWB通信中,脉冲的捕捉和同步是它的核心技术和难点。该文给出了采用基于正交分解进行脉冲同步的方法,相对于传统的使用匹配滤波器进行的定时估计和接收,具有结构简单,实现方便,在室内密集多径信道下和极大的符号间干扰下均能稳定工作的特点。仿真表明,该方法对多径捕获、脉冲重复频率和定时估计都有很好的性能。     

移动无线信道脉冲响应的计算机模拟

根据移动通信多径传播的一般化模型,模拟产生了移动无线信道的复值脉冲响应函数,模拟结果自然地反映了信道的衰落相关性,通过调整四个参数,可描述瑞利、Rice或其它形式的衰落信道,利用模拟结果分折数字通信中由于多径衰落引起的突发误码分布已取得成效。     

Non-Coherent Fourth-Order Detector for Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband Systems: Empirical Evaluation Using Channel Measurements

Low-complex and low-power non-coherent energy detectors (EDs) are interesting for low data rate impulse radio (IR) ultra wideband (UWB) systems, but suffer from a loss in performance compared to coherent receivers. The performance of an ED also strongly depends on the integration interval (window size) of the integrator and the window position. This paper presents a non-coherent fourth-order detector (FD) which can discriminate between Gaussian noise signals and non-Gaussian IR-UWB signals by directly estimating the fourth-order moment of the received signal. The performance of the detectors is evaluated using realistic channels measured in a corridor, an office and a laboratory environment. The results show that bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the proposed FD receiver is slightly better than the ED in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region and its performance improves as the SNR increases. In addition, BER of the FD receiver is less sensitive to overestimation of the integration interval making it relatively robust to variations of the channel delay spread. Finally, a criteria for the selection of integration time of the proposed detector is suggested.     

Performance Evaluation of Impulse Radio UWB Networks Using Common or Private Acquisition Preambles

For impulse-radio ultrawideband (IR-UWB) networks without global synchronization, the first step for correct packet reception is packet detection and timing acquisition: Before recovering the payload of the packet, the destination must detect that the packet is on the medium and determine when exactly the payload begins. Packet detection and timing acquisition rely on the presence of an acquisition preamble at the beginning of each packet. How this preamble is chosen is a network design issue and it may have quite an impact on the network performance. A simple design choice of the network is to use a common acquisition preamble for the whole network. A second design choice is to use an acquisition preamble that is private to each destination. The throughput with the latter choice is likely to be much higher, albeit at the cost of learning the private acquisition preamble of a destination. In this paper, we evaluate how using a common or private acquisition preambles affects the network throughput. Our analysis is based on analytical modeling and simulations. Using our analytical model, we show that a private acquisition preamble yields a tremendous increase in throughput compared to a common acquisition preamble. The throughput difference grows with the number of concurrent transmitters and interferers. This result is confirmed by simulations. Furthermore, additional simulations on multihop topologies with TCP flows demonstrate that a network using private acquisition preambles has a stable throughput. On the contrary, using a common acquisition preamble exhibits the presence of a compounding effect similar to the exposed terminal issue in IEEE 802.11 networks: The throughput is severely degraded and complete flow starvation may occur.     

Narrowband Interference Mitigation in Impulse Radio

Impulse radio (IR) systems have drawn attention during the last few years. These systems are planned to coexist with narrowband systems without interfering them. Nevertheless, the narrowband systems can cause interference which may jam the IR receiver. This letter analyzes a low-complexity narrowband interference (NBI)-mitigation algorithm for IR systems, based on minimal mean-square error combining. Theoretical analysis reveals that these algorithms nearly eliminate the NBI. The concept is also extended to the case where the receiver has more correlators than channel taps.     

Energy-Based Collaborative Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive UWB Impulse Radio

This paper focuses on the issue of collaborative spectrum sensing in cognitive ultra wideband (CUWB) impulse radio. We employ energy-based signal detection method and apply the Neyman-Pearson (NP) deci...     

Near Optimum and Highly Efficient Decision-Feedback Receivers for Direct Sequence Ultra-Wideband Radio

This paper investigates three decision- feedback receivers for Direct-Sequence Ultra-Wideband Radio (DS-UWB) based on two-channel BPSK modulation with ternary spreading code. A compact and insightful vector-matrix signal model is built up for receiver design under UWB channel dispersion over many consecutive symbols. First, we consider the design of a RAKE with Decision Feedback (RAKE-DF) receiver. Using the Gaussian approximation technique, we derive its analytic performance under no error propagation. It is shown that the RAKE-DF receiver suffers from a significant error floor due to the uncancelled pre-cursor ISI (or pre-ISI abbreviated). Next, we design the MMSE-DF receiver to achieve a better performance by suppressing the pre-ISI, too. However, the MMSE receiver requires costly matrix inversion. Then a new receiver is investigated as the third one, which is called the RAKE with Bi-Directional Decision Feedback (RAKE-BDDF) receiver, for efficiently canceling both the post-(cursor) ISI and pre-ISI at symbol rate. It cannot only attain the matched filter bound approximately, but also maintain a similar complexity as that of the RAKE-DF receiver. Simulation and semi-analytic BER curves are included for performance comparison of the three receivers in the presence of the CM2 and CM4 UWB channels.