基于蚁群算法的分布式卫星光网络波长路由分配技术研究

为了解决分布式卫星光网络波长路由分配复杂的问题,论文提出基于小窗口策略的蚁群优化算法。采用链路可持续时间和波长空闲率作为启发函数,在实现负载均衡的同时,降低网络的拥塞率;引入小窗口策略引导蚂蚁在最小路由请求区域内进行选路,提高了算法的收敛速度;通过计算相邻链路空闲波长的交集,实现了由单只蚂蚁同时完成路由选择和波长分配。对单主星和双主星两种场景下的算法性能进行了仿真分析,结果表明:与经典的Dijkstra+FF算法相比较,单主星和双主星时的网络拥塞率最高分别降低了0.5和0.7,网络资源利用率改善最高可达到0.45和0.50。     

Reliability Evaluation of All-User Terminals in LEO Satellite Communication Network Based on Modular Reduction

LEO satellite communication network has a large number of satellites distributed in low orbits,which leads to multiple coverage of many areas on the ground.It is hard work to describe and evaluate the reliability of LEO satellite communication network.To solve this problem,the reliability of all-user terminals in LEO satellite communication network is defined,and the corresponding reliability evaluation method is proposed in the paper.Due to the large scale of the interstellar network,a modular reduction algorithm using the modular network instead of the original network for state decomposition is proposed in this paper.Case study shows that the calculation time of the proposed method is equivalent to 6.28%of the original state space decomposition algorithm.On this basis,the reliability of LEO satellite communication network is further analyzed.It is found that the reliability of LEO satellite network was more sensitive to the reliability of Inter-Satellite link and the satisfaction of global coverage in the early stage,and it is more sensitive to the reliability of the satellite in the later stage.The satellite-ground link has a relatively constant impact on of LEO satellite network.     

基于分布式星群的双层星座设计

当前,陆地通信系统已无法满足日益复杂的信息需求,利用空间信息网络实现全球范围内的无缝覆盖和高效容量传输成为研究热点。现有卫星通信系统以单层星座为主,缺少高低轨卫星之间的协同。提出了一种基于分布式星群的双层星座设计,以基于分布式星群的低轨卫星作为网络架构的基础,采用星间链路实现低轨卫星之间的通信,通过高轨卫星实现中低纬度地区覆盖性能加强。仿真结果表明,所提方法在仅依靠在国内部署卫星地面站的前提下可实现全球多重覆盖。     

Polygon Based Topology Formation and Information Gathering in Satellite Based Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless Personal Communications - The satellite network is one of the major source of information and these days small satellites are gaining lot of focus. The group of small satellites form a...     

采用区块链技术的卫星编队组网安全认证设计

当前,卫星需要完成的空间任务越来越复杂,单颗卫星已经不能满足日益增长的任务需求,由多颗小卫星组成卫星编队系统协同完成任务已成为一种趋势。然而,更多卫星带来了更多挑战,例如卫星之间的安全认证以避免非合作卫星的恶意入侵。当前的卫星安全认证需落地在地面中心完成,时效性难以满足卫星编队安全认证的需求。具有去中心化、分布式信任存储、加密算法等功能的区块链技术能够在编队的卫星间执行分布式安全认证,而不必落地在地面中心完成安全认证。在深入分析卫星编队面临的安全问的基础上,提出了基于区块链的卫星安全认证技术,设计了适用于卫星编队的消息验证方案。通过对比各种加密算法的时间开销,证明使用椭圆加密算法用时最短。     

分布式小卫星SAR实现全孔径分辨率的信号处理

利用一组小卫星进行编队飞行,它们之间协同工作来完成某一特定任务,其功能和可靠性远远超过一颗单独的大卫星,因而具有高的性能/价格比.对于单颗卫星SAR,其横向分辨率与测绘带宽相矛盾,而采用分布式小卫星SAR,可使这一矛盾得到解决.本文主要研究如何通过信号处理化解多普勒模糊,实现理论最高分辨率的问题.     

基于GEO中继卫星的地月空间通信组网及连通性研究

The architecture of cislunar multi-hop communication networks, which focuses on the re-quirements of lunar full-coverage and continuous cislunar communications, is presented on the basis of Geosynchronous Orbit (GEO) satellite network relays. According to the geographical distribution of the forthcoming Chinese Deep Space Measuring and Controlling Network (DSMCN ), two networking schemes are proposed and two elevation angle opti-mization models are established for locating GEO relay satellites. To analyze the dynamic connectivi-ty, a dynamic network model is constructed with re-spect to the time-varying characteristics of cislunar trunk links. The advantages of the two proposed schemes, in terms of the Connectivity Rate (CR), In-terruption Frequency (IF), and Average Length of Connecting Duration (ALCD), are corroborated by several simulations. In the case of the lunar polar orbit constellation case, the gains in the perform-ance of scheme I are observed to be 134.55% , 117. 03% , and 217. 47% compared with DSMCN for three evaluation indicators, and the gains in the per-formance of scheme II are observed to be 238.22% , 240.40% , and 572.71% . The results validate that the connectivity of GEO satellites outperforms that of earth facilities significantly and schemes based on GEO satellite relays are promising options for cislu-nar multi-hop communication networking.     

基于TDRSS阵列天线的目标跟踪算法

采用基于跟踪与数据中继卫星系统构建的天地一体化遥测、跟踪与指挥系统,不仅能有效地提高遥测、跟踪与指挥的覆盖率、定轨精度、飞行器全程测量和对多目标的同时遥测、跟踪与指挥能力,而且能够完成各类对地观测卫星的高速实时数据回传的任务。与常规的测控系统不同的是,中继星的遥测、跟踪与指挥是在地球这一复杂的背景环境下进行的,因而会受到各种各样的干扰。采用阵列天线对目标进行自适应跟踪可以实现空域滤波,使信号得到加强,干扰得到抑制。采用Matlab软件仿真了中继星对目标星的跟踪过程,并对两种经典的自适应跟踪算法（LMS,DMI）进行了研究。通过分析信号干扰比的变化,比较两种算法的跟踪性能。     

Satellite onboard processing for multimedia applications

For future multimedia applications, satellites might play an important role. For broadcast applications satellites are ideally suited to illuminate a large geographical area. However, multimedia applications are interactive, and are therefore a combination of a broadcast mission and a multipoint-to-point mission. The natural question is, can a satellite system compete with the capacity provided by terrestrial cable networks? If the answer is positive, and it shown in this article that it is, a second question arises: what new developments are required to migrate from the state-of-the art satellite technology to such advanced concepts? Taking the example of the European Space Agency's activities in this field, an overview of the required building blocks which make up a complete multimedia communication satellite system are described. Based on this technological overview a discussion of the systems developed by European space industries with support from the European Space Agency is given     

基于高程测量误差的分布式卫星SAR编队构形设计

卫星编队构形是影响分布式卫星SAR系统性能的重要因素之一。该文主要研究满足绕飞轨道条件下的分布式卫星SAR编队构形设计问题,提出了基于高程测量误差最小的分布式卫星SAR编队构形设计方法。文中给出了分布式卫星SAR多组高程测量数据融合后的像素单元高程测量误差表示,并提出了给定观测区域的高程测量误差表达式。在此基础上,以观测区域的高程测量误差为优化目标,采用遗传算法对分布式卫星初始编队构形进行优化设计。仿真试验验证表明,通过该方法得到的初始卫星编队构形能够较好的降低给定观测区域内的分布式卫星SAR高程测量误差。     

Development of a Wireless Sensor Network with Optical Electric Sensor for Electric Field Measurement

The area of high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission line is very large, so using cable for electric field monitoring system is very inconvenient. Wireless sensor network (WSN) can solve this problem. Compared with the traditional communication network, WSN has the advantages of small volume, high flexibility, strong self-organization. So it’s more suitable for the construction of distributed electric field monitoring system which has long distance and high mobility. On the other hand, optical E-field sensors are passive devices and they have such advantages as compact structure, wide-band response and wide measuring range which mechanical sensors lack. A distributed wireless system with optical E-field sensor is designed for collecting and monitoring the electric field under HVDC transmission lines. This measurement system has been used in China’s state grid HVDC test base and power transmission projects. Based on the experimental results, this measurement system demonstrates that it can adapt to the complex electromagnetic environment under the transmission lines and can accomplish the accurate, flexible, and stable demands of the electric field measurement.

     

Satellite communications for manned spacecraft

Future manned spaceflight programs may require continuous real-time communications between the spacecraft and the mission control center. This paper examines the feasibility of relay satellite (RS) systems to meet these requirements. Anticipated requirements range from voice and low-speed data for the Skylab and Space Shuttle to television for the Space Station. Frequencies in S, C, X, and K bands (2, 5, 8, and GHz bands, respectively) are considered. Terrestrial radio-relay links may cause interference in the mission spacecraft (MS) and RS and vice versa. Possible remedies include better control of antenna sidelobes and judicious choice of channel frequencies. It is found that INTELSAT IV offers a technically feasible means of providing voice and data communications but not TV. A new dedicated satellite system can meet the requirements with two geostationary satellites both of which are visible to a single earth station (ES) in the United States. A shared satellite system, catering to other potential users as well as to manned spacecraft, offers the possibility of reduced cost to individual users. Satellite configurations for both dedicated and shared systems are presented. The satellites can be launched by boosters of the Thor-Delta class if the links between satellite and spacecraft operate in K band.     

利用分布式小卫星InSAR系统获取宽域、 高分辨率、高精度三维地形

 传统星载SAR系统受最小天线面积条件的限制,其横向分辨率与测绘带宽度相矛盾,无法同时实现大测绘带和高横向分辨率.分布式小卫星SAR系统可使这一矛盾得到解决.当分布式小卫星的构形为三维超大立体阵时,还可以同时获得地面场景的高度信息.然而,三维超大立体阵构形的分布式小卫星InSAR系统对数据处理提出了很多挑战.其中,数据配准(宽带阵问题)和自适应处理时样本的选取问题是两大关键挑战.本文的研究目的在于解决分布式小卫星InSAR系统所面临的这些问题,以实现大测绘带、高分辨率和高精度的三维地形重构.仿真实验结果证明了本文方法的有效性.     

安全高效的空间信息网中密钥管理方案

空间信息网是卫星通信系统的进一步发展,安全高效的密钥管理是保障空间信息网内安全通信的关键。分析了空间信息网中密钥管理方案的安全需求,提出了按需建立密钥的思想,并依据该思想提出一个适用于空间信息网的安全高效的密钥管理方案。方案采用完全分布式的管理模式,每个结点管理并维护自己的密钥列表,方案具有认证安全性、前向保密性等安全性特征。仿真结果表明,与现有的空间信息网密钥管理方案相比,该方案在网络规模较大时能极大地降低通信开销,具有良好的通信效率。     

从银河航天首发星在轨测试分析低轨宽带卫星通信的优势

LEO星座网络由许多卫星和地面设备组成。旨在为终端提供具有全球覆盖,高数据速率和灵活部署能力的系统服务。作为目前国内估值最高的商业航天企业之一,也是我国商业航天及卫星互联网领域第一只独角兽企业,银河航天于2020年1月16日发射了第一颗低轨宽带通信卫星,到目前为止,该星已经进行了近一年的一系列测试和验证。这些测试涵盖卫星跟踪能力,卫星通信信道特性和呼叫处理以及相关的性能和容量。同时,基于用户波束的覆盖范围,尝试了针对恶劣气候和地形灵活部署的一些尝试。基本上,通过现场验证场景可以看出,LEO具有广泛的服务覆盖范围和较低的延迟,并且具有较宽的带宽和良好的适应性,因此具有独特的优势。它正成为非地面网络(NTN)的新机遇。     

First Galileo satellite contracts

Surrey Space Technology UK, a Surrey University spinoff has secured a contract worth €27.9m to build one of two experimental Galileo satellites for in_orbit validation. Its Galileo 400kg test satellite, will transmit Galileo signals from one of the orbits to be used by the constellation. It will be launched during 2005 to secure the frequencies reserved for the Galileo system with the International Telecommunications Union. Signals have to be sent by June 2006 to retain the priority allocation. The University of Surrey company, SSTL designs, constructs, tests, launches and operates small and low_cost satellites for international customers. SSTL has built more than 16 micro satellites for USAF, MoD France /Alcatel, CNES/MMS, Korea, Portugal, Thailand, Malaysia, Chile and USA/SatelLife. SSTL has also established a small satellite launch service in collaboration with ISC Kosmotras (Moscow) using de_militarised SS18 ICBMs, converted into the Dnepr small launcher, to provide low cost. regular access to space for microsats.This is a short news story only. Visit www.three-fives.com for the latest advanced semiconductor industry news.     

低轨卫星网络中基于轨道分簇的密钥更新算法

该文提出一种基于轨道分簇的低轨(LEO)卫星网络密钥更新算法,即RAOC算法。该算法根据运行轨道特性对LEO卫星网络进行分簇,通过动态产生密钥更新发起节点和簇首节点完成LEO卫星网络的密钥更新。RAOC算法提出一种基于密钥更新锁的密钥更新状态描述方法,以确保密钥更新的一致性。仿真结果表明,与目前LEO卫星网络基于地基测控网和天基测控网的密钥更新算法相比,RAOC算法能自主完成LEO卫星网络的密钥更新,并能提高LEO卫星网络密钥更新的效率。     

RADIO AND NETWORK COMPARISONS FOR MSBN AND GSM SYSTEMS IN A GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITE ENVIRONMENT

One of the most frequently debated issues in satellite communications concerns the comparison between time division multiple access (TDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. Although, in our view, a general answer to this problem cannot be found, this paper presents comparisons of two systems utilizing the above-mentioned access techniques, both from a radio and a network point of view. In particular, the mobile satellite business network (MSBN), (a CDMA system currently being developed by the European Space Agency (ESA) for general satellite applications) and the full integrated extension to satellite systems of the global system for mobile communication (GSM) (the well-known frequency division multiplex (FDM)/TDMA pan-European mobile cellular system) are compared by taking, as the reference payload, the L-band land mobile (LLM) satellite (a spot-beam geostationary satellite whose launch should take place at the end of 1997). Reasonable assumptions take into account the fact that, on one hand, the MSBN system is not completely defined and, on the other, the GSM is applied in a context different from the one specified by the European Telecommunication Standard Institute (ETSI). Performance comparisons are carried out in terms of flexibility and number of available channels for the same quality requirements, emitted power levels, propagation environment and interference levels coming from adjacent satellites. It is concluded that MSBN is more flexible than GSM and that, as regards capacity, an advantage of GSM over MSBN is present in the transportable mobile case, whereas, in the vehicular mobile case, MSBN shows an advantage over GSM. © 1996 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.